一次造成30万人死亡的热带气旋

这份材料提出了一个值得注意的现象,即在沿海地区一次台风或强大风暴发展所造成的灾害,除直接和该天气系统的强度和发展情况有关外,与当地当时的地形条件及各种潮汐情况(特别是大潮)也有很大的联系(当然,社会制度不同对受灾程度的影响是一个决定的因素)。我国海岸线长,沿海地形复杂,预报工作在监视和预报台风之类灾害天气时,尤应考虑到这方面的因素。     

欧亚黄土中古地磁极性界线的地层学解释

本文以欧亚黄土中记录的布容一松山极性倒转界线为例,简要回顾近年来对黄土中 古地磁极性界线地层学解释的讨论。研究表明,由于在记录古地磁极性转换时存在不同程度 的“错位”,黄土中所测的极性界线的年代地层意义存在很大的不确定性。就中国黄土而言,第 8层黄土（L8）中下部或第8层古土壤（S8）顶部测得的布容-松山界线系“错位”的产物,该层位 的年龄应老于 0.79MaB.P.对黄土中测得的Cobb Mountain极性事件界线进行地层学解释, 推论蓝田猿人化石层位的年龄1.2MaB.P.     

阿拉斯加三月冻土和积雪的大气响应

从当年10月至翌年5月中旬,在北极和亚北极地区,冻土层和积雪层是最常见的陆地表面条件。积雪融冻和积雪深度通过对土壤的水分状况分布、过冬植物的生长及土壤水分向大气蒸发的影响从而控制着土壤的冻结过程。积雪可以使大气边界层（ABL）较为稳定,使痕量气体的纵向变化降低。被积雪覆盖的孤立土壤表面会产生大量的热交换、对流,特别是在太阳辐射显著时,会增强大气边界层的垂直交换混合。积雪覆盖区和无雪地区在能量收支方面的强烈空间反差,会产生湿气与热量的水平对流。因此,季节性积雪的存在时间和期限显著影响了大气候和小气候条件和空气质量。     

Chromite in the Mantle Section of the Oman Ophiolite: Implications for theTectonic Evolution of the Oman Ophiolite

<正>Structure and composition of the Uralian ophiolites reflect a large spectrum of geodynamic environment of their creation during Paleozoic time:from mid-ocean ridge,rift zone in continental margin,and suprasubduction spreading zone(SSZ)with resultant lherzolite or harzburgite ophiolite type(LOT and HOT).Residual     

加固松软地层土墙的施工方法

如果在松软地层上进行建筑施工,必须采取措施,防止横向位移、压密沉陷和由于地层滑移和差异沉降引起的不稳定性。本文首先概要地讨论了利用人造地层加固方法,作为对松软地层采取的措施。其次提出多锚栓墙结合陡坡加固堤岸的预加载施工方法,目的在于减少差异沉降．试验堤坝和实际施工证实方法的实用性和效果。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001034

A comprehensive methodology that integrates Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation（RUSLE） model and Geographic Information System（GIS） techniques was adopted to determine the soil erosion vulnerability of a forested mountainous sub-watershed in Kerala,India.The spatial pattern of annual soil erosion rate was obtained by integrating geo-environmental variables in a raster based GIS method.GIS data layers including,rainfall erosivity（R）,soil erodability（K）,slope length and steepness（LS）,cover management （C） and conservation practice（P） factors were computed to determine their effects on average annual soil loss in the area.The resultant map of annual soil erosion shows a maximum soil loss of 17.73 t h^-1 y^-1 with a close relation to grass land areas,degraded forests and deciduous forests on the steep side-slopes（with high LS ）.The spatial erosion maps generated with RUSLE method and GIS can serve as effective inputs in deriving strategies for land planning and management in the environmentally sensitive mountainous areas.     

南澳大利亚晚前寒武纪地层及植物化石

南澳大利亚晚元古代沉积剖面是世界晚前寒武纪较好的标准剖面之一。该剖面岩性较为多样,厚度巨大,出露良好,研究程度高,有同位索年龄资料并含有各种各样的生物化石:藻类、迭层石、藻灰结核、大量无骨骼动物印痕及活动遗迹。自从1960年A.和提出把南澳大利亚晚前寒武纪沉积上部划分为国际地层表中一个独立地层单位—埃迪卡拉系后,对其研究的兴趣与日俱增。本文是根据对剖面及其中所含藻类化石和结构的研究而提出的,其目的在于简要地论述这些剖面的地层研究现状并着重讨论     

Rock composition and origin of the Duwi Formation calcareous rocks, Upper Egypt

Upper Cretaceous phosphorite beds of the Duwi Formation, Upper Egypt, are intercalated with limestone, sandy limestone, marl, calcareous shales, and calcareous sandstone. Calcareous intercalations were subjected to field and detailed petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigations in order to constrain their rock composition and origin. Mineralogically, dolomite, calcite, quartz, francolite and feldspars are the non-clay minerals. Smectite, kaolinite and illite represent the clay minerals. Major and trace elements can be classified as the detrital and carbonate fractions based on their sources. The detrital fraction includes the elements that are derived from detrital sources, mainly clay minerals and quartz, such as Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K, Ba, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, Zr, and Mo. The carbonate fraction includes the elements that are derived from carbonates, maily calcite and dolomite, such as Ca, Mg and Sr. Dolomite occurs as being dense, uniform, mosaic, very fine-to-fine, non-ferroan, and non-stoichiometrical, suggesting its early diagenetic formation in a near-shore oxidizing shallow marine environment. The close association and positive correlation between dolomite and smectite indicates the role of clay minerals in the formation of dolomite as a source of Mg^2＋ -rich solutions. Calcareous rocks were deposited in marine, oxidizing and weakly alkaline conditions, marking a semi-arid climatic period. The calcareous/argillaceous alternations are due to oscillations in clay/carbonate ratio.