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11.
文中介绍了一项二层流体内密度界面处湍流挟卷的实验室研究。实验结果表明,有表面波存在时,混合层下密度界面处的挟卷速度较之无表面波时有明显的增大。这个实验事实的可能的海洋学含义为:不破碎的表面势波对于混合层内湍流有强化的作用,因而成为在考查密跃层变迁问题中应考虑在内的动力因素。 相似文献
12.
自中印度洋被确认为是大洋岩石圈活动压缩变形的场所以来,人们已经竭尽全力来确定该地区的缩短量.其目的是了解在很高压应力下的板内变形会对周围板块的运动学起什么作用以及大洋岩石圈的机械反映.使用了下面4种不同的方法来定量分析变形速率: 相似文献
13.
A cDNA microarray technique applied for analysis of global gene expression profiles in tributyltin-exposed ascidians 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To analyze global gene expressions, we constructed a cDNA microarray from a basal chordate, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Ciona is a cosmopolitan species and a genomic analysis of Ciona revealed that ascidians had approximately 15,500 protein-coding genes. Our "Ciona intestinalis cDNA chip version 1 (Ci cDNA chip ver. 1)" has arrayed 13,400 unique Ciona cDNAs. To establish a detection system for gene expression profiles in wild ascidians using a cDNA microarray, we analyzed gene expressions in the whole body of Ciona adults after exposure to 100 nM tributyltin (TBT) for 24 h. In our preliminary array data using Ci cDNA chip ver. 1, we found more than 200 genes that showed strong differential expressions. These genes encoded proteins that were concerned with stress response, detoxification, oxidoreduction reaction, biosynthesis, and catabolism. This, the first large cDNA microarray of this animal, should facilitate analyses of global gene expressions following exposure to TBT. 相似文献
14.
自生碳酸盐矿物的分布特点,是体现孔隙水地球化学特征的一个侧面。在布莱克海岭气体水合物赋存的沉积区域里(ODP994#、995#、997#)就利用这点来评价成岩作用。碳酸盐矿物的分布特点揭示了三个独特的成岩分带:(1)在上部20mbsf (bsf:below seafloor,海底以下深度)处的碳酸盐矿物主要是生物成因的,没有显示成岩作用的存在。这个区域的方解石FOC和8180值(PDB)反映了海相碳酸盐的特点,是与海水平衡的条件下沉淀形成的;(2)在20mbsf和100mbsf深度,方解石的FOC值明显呈现负数(低至-7.0‰),自生白云石较普遍可见(2—40wt%),δ^13C值在3.6‰~13.7‰之间;(3)在,100mbsf以下,白云石从含量丰富减低至微量分布,而分散状的菱铁矿成为主要出现的矿物。菱铁矿的δ^1C和δ^18O值分别在5.0‰~10.9‰、2.9‰~7.6‰之间变化。把溶解无机碳(DIC)的δ^1C剖面分布特点和孔隙水的浓集梯度趋势与自生碳酸盐矿物的δ^13C和δ^18O值对比,我们发现,自生碳酸盐矿物在一个独特的深度区域里形成,呈带状分布。在20mbsf深度及以下,无机碳的δ^13C DIC出现最小负值(≤-38‰)、方解石白云石出现δ^13C负值,这种现象的出现是伴随着孔隙水碱度的增加、硫酸盐的亏损和孔隙间Ca^ 2 、Mg^ 2 离子的减少一起发生的,这表明自生方解石和自生白云石的形成是在硫酸盐还原带的底部开始(21mbsf左右)而在100mbsf附近深处大量出现。菱铁矿的形成很显然是在120~450mbsf之间发生,这个区间在气体水合物赋存的沉积物区域内和上部(赋存区域200—450mbsf)。菱铁矿的δ^13C和δ^18O值从它们出现的薄层一直到沉积物底部都几乎一致。然而,现在孔隙水中的δ^13C DIC仅仅与120~450mbsf间的菱铁矿的δ^13C值相似。此外,从菱铁矿中计算出来的与之平衡的δ^18O值与120~450mbsf区段处菱铁矿的δ^18O测量值很好地匹配起来。该区段以高碱度(40-120mm)、低Ca^ 2 、Mg^ 2 浓集度为特征,这符合菱铁矿的形成条件。 相似文献
15.
The standard toxicity test organism, Corophium volutator, exhibits a behavioural response to contaminated sediments that causes increased turbidity of overlying water. We quantify the effects of this response to an estuarine sediment spiked with copper and hydrocarbon contaminated sediments from an oil installation in the North Sea. Turbidity measured 24 h after the start of a toxicity test shows a strong relationship with contaminant concentrations and with mortality after 10 days. Turbidity measurements can therefore give a rapid indication of sediment toxicity, permitting a reduction in storage time of sediments to be used in dilution series and toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) tests, reducing the likelihood of contaminants degrading prior to testing. 相似文献
16.
The use of lysosomal stability in the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, as a potential biomarker of environmental contamination has been evaluated along the Portuguese coast. To this end, the neutral red retention (NRR) time was measured in mussel haemocytes gathered from nine different locations reflecting different degrees of anthropogenic contamination. Mussels collected in the vicinity of industrial and urban areas showed the lowest lysosomal stability. Additionally, no significant seasonal variability (winter-spring/summer) for NRR time was observed. In order to further support the usefulness of this method as an integrated tool for monitoring marine coastal environments, we compared the levels of xenobiotics in mussel tissues with the obtained NRR values. The results highlighted a consistent pattern, with the lowest lysosomal stability intimately correlated with the higher contaminant concentrations. In summary, this integrated approach further demonstrated that the NRR assay can provide useful and objective indications of the real health status of organisms subjected to different stress agents, being a valid option for environmental monitoring. 相似文献
17.
中国对虾血细胞及其免疫研究 总被引:54,自引:0,他引:54
于1991年3月-1992年4月青岛近海及一养虾场捕集中国对虾亲虾和越冬亲虾,以扫描电镜和透射电镜观察中国虾的血细胞形态及其亚显微结构;研究定量测定细胞吞噬活性的方法。结果表明,中国对虾血细胞分3种:无颗粒细胞,呈球形或梭形,胞质不含颗粒粒;小颗粒细胞及颗粒细胞,卵球形或椭球球形,胞质含有电子致密颗粒,颗粒可分均匀、非均匀的;小颗粒细胞质富含线粒体,可能与它对异物敏感易发生胞吐作用有关,该细胞是识 相似文献
18.
粉红色红拟抱球虫在冲绳海槽区的发现及地层意义 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
近年来,我们在冲绳海槽区进行大量工作.本文就Z14-6孔(27°07′N127°27′E)首次发现粉红色红拟抱球虫,及稳定同位素测定,进行对比研究,证明了Thompson等1979年所提出的粉红色拟抱球虫在印度-太平洋海域灭绝时代在距今120000年左右的观点. 相似文献
19.
20.
De Lange N 《Erdkunde》1993,47(1):61-74
The reduction of the rate of growth of the Brazilian population from 3% in the 1960s to 2% by 1993 resulted from a significant reduction of fertility. According to the 1986 national maternal-child health and family planning survey (PNSMIPF) results, 43.3% of women were using some type of contraception: 65.6% of married or cohabiting women. Women relied most on sterilization (17.2%), followed by oral contraceptives (OCs) (17%), the rhythm method (2.8%), the condom (1.1%), and others (5.2%). Only in the south was OC use more prevalent (28.5%) than sterilization (12.2%). The proportion of sterilization reached 27.8% in the north/center-east urban regions. In urban areas sterilization averaged 18.7% vs. 12.7% in rural areas. 26.9% of currently married women in the age range of 15-44 years had been sterilized. A 1990 international estimation indicated that the proportion of sterilization amounted to 36.9% in China, 30.95 in India, 29.7% in Brazil, 47.6% in South Korea, 30.4% in Thailand, and 36.5% in the Dominican Republic. The 1986 PNSMIPF survey also indicated that sterilized women were better informed than other women about contraception. 75% of the former had used OCs, 5% had used the diaphragm, 3% the IUD, 30% the condom, and 35% coitus interruptus at one time or other. The sterilized women had an average of 1.7 more children than those who were using other methods of contraception. 48.6% of women were sterilized before the age of 30, when they had had an average of 3.6 children. 66.6% of the sterilized women who had given birth before the age of 20 had 4 or more live births as compared to 5.9% of sterilized women aged 30 with the same number of children. 47% of women without any schooling were using some kind of contraception vs. 77% of those who had completed secondary school. A multivariate analysis also showed that the age of the mother, the number of live births, the educational status of the mother, and family income were positively correlated with sterilization. 相似文献