Three-Dimensional Structure of Optimal Nonlinear Excitation for Decadal Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation

The decadal variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation（THC） is investigated within a three-dimensional ocean circulation model using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. The results show that the optimal initial perturbations of temperature and salinity exciting the strongest decadal THC variations have similar structures： the perturbations are mainly in the northwestern basin at a depth ranging from 1500 to 3000 m. These temperature and salinity perturbations act as the optimal precursors for future modifications of the THC, highlighting the importance of observations in the northwestern basin to monitor the variations of temperature and salinity at depth. The decadal THC variation in the nonlinear model initialized by the optimal salinity perturbations is much stronger than that caused by the optimal temperature perturbations, indicating that salinity variations might play a relatively important role in exciting the decadal THC variability. Moreover, the decadal THC variations in the tangent linear and nonlinear models show remarkably different characteristics, suggesting the importance of nonlinear processes in the decadal variability of the THC.     

黔中岩溶地区岩土水系统中氟的环境地球化学研究

通过对研究区碳酸盐岩— 土— 水系统中氟的系统测定和吸附实验,结合矿物表面化学和土壤化学研究,揭示了岩溶地区岩— 土— 水系统中氟的地球化学特征和迁移富集机理。黔中岩溶地区深层地下水( 100m 以下)和土层具有高氟异常特征,而浅层地下水和地表水含氟较低(大多在0. 5mg /l以下)。以含石膏碳酸盐岩为主的三叠纪海相地层是该区土水中氟的主要来源。土层中针铁矿表面对氟的专性吸附及其解吸作用是岩溶地区土水系统中氟迁移和富集的重要机理。      

福建紫金山矿集区浸铜湖花岗斑岩的成因及构造意义

华南中生代花岗岩成因研究对指示华南岩石圈演化机制具有重要意义,也是成岩成矿作用研究的重要内容。利用原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素及Hf同位素组成分析,对紫金山矿田内浸铜湖铜钼矿床发育的花岗斑岩开展研究,获得其成岩年龄为(101.1±1.9)Ma,属早白垩世。浸铜湖花岗斑岩锆石Hf同位素εHf(t=101 Ma)为-6.1~0.7,两阶段Hf模式年龄(TDM2)为1.09~1.51 Ga,不支持其形成于华夏陆壳基底物质或壳源(变质)沉积岩的直接熔融。锆石Ce4+/Ce3+值指示岩浆氧逸度较低,表明其成因类似于华南分异的I型花岗岩,主要源于火成岩的部分熔融作用,可能有少量地幔物质的加入。华南晚中生代古太平洋板块受俯冲作用影响,发育大规模岩浆活动,其构造背景为活动大陆边缘环境。     

激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年进入了人类历史领域——评美国伯克莱地质年代学中心最新研究成果和年轻火山岩的定年极限

美国伯克莱地质年代学中心P.R.Renne等(1997)对采自意大利维苏威火山公元79年爆发喷出物中的透长石,进行了激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年,从46个分析数据中得到了~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线年龄为1925±94 a,接近于与现今使用的格里历1918年前一致。这证明激光显微探针~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年法的可信度已扩展到记录人类历史的时间范畴。Renne等的最新研究成果把30多年来K-Ar地质年代学者对特别年轻火山岩的定年研究带入了一个新阶段,它为与晚新生代地质年代学有关的各种研究提供了一有力工具。     

Comments on “An approximation to short-term evolution and sediment transport pathways along the littoral of Cadiz Bay (SW Spain)” by Anfuso and et al. (Environ Geol 56:69–79)

Environmental Earth Sciences -     

Holocene environmental change on the Atlantic coast of NW Iberia as inferred from the Ponzos wetland sequence

The intertidal environment of the Ponzos beach (NW Iberian Peninsula) hosts a sedimentary sequence (including large wood fragments) deposited during the first half of the Holocene in a hygrophilous continental wetland. Pollen and macrofossil data alongside radiocarbon dating allow reconstruction of the changes that occurred during the Early and Middle Holocene in the landscape of the NW Iberia coastal lowlands, as well as the local wetland plant communities, in response to the climate variations and the eustatic sea-level oscillations. The sequence represents the evolution of a coastal wetland from its initial phases as a hygrophilous wetland towards the subsequent installation of a freshwater lagoon. Pollen data show the dominant role of Atlantic (mainly deciduous) woody taxa, the scarcity of conifers and the lack of Mediterranean elements in the coastal landscapes around the Ponzos site. The presence and abundance of some taxa such as deciduous Quercus, Castanea, Fagus, Tilia and Ulmus during the Early Holocene provides further support for the occurrence of glacial refuges in the Cantabrian-Atlantic area during the Last Glaciation. The diverse vegetation that characterizes the modern landscapes in this territory established later, spreading from these glacial reservoirs of biodiversity. In this sense, the notable and early presence of Fagus at the beginning of the Holocene, a tree also previously recorded during several phases of the Last Glacial Cycle on the NW Iberia coasts, is noteworthy. In addition, during the Early and Middle Holocene are recorded other trees that are currently extirpated as natural taxa in the area, such as Pinus, Tilia and Carpinus.     

宁蒗-盐源地震分析

1998年10月至1999年1月,在宁蒗与盐源之间发生了5次5级以上地震。我们根据西昌地震遥测台网的记录,在震前对该系列地震作出了较好的预测。分析认为:震前的短期空区、前兆震群甚至有直接前震是该系列地震的震兆异常;5次中强以上地震彼此有内在联系,又有一定的独立可分性,余震衰减都比较快,是本震例的序列特征。     

畸形波研究的进展及存在问题

畸形波是近10年海浪研究领域的热点问题.作为一种新认识的物理现象,其经历了发现—认识—确认的认知过程.畸形波生成机制的研究目前取得了较大的进展,波列演化的调制不稳定性被认为是畸形波生成最具可能的原因.畸形波的研究及认识仍存在一些根本性的问题,这些问题的解决是正确及深入探究畸形波这种海洋物理现象的基础.通过对畸形波研究中存在的一些基本问题进行阐述和分析,探讨解决这些基本问题的思路及方法,为畸形波的研究提供一些有价值的参考.