阿尔金山北缘喀腊大湾地区早古生代中酸性侵入岩岩石地球化学特征及构造意义

喀腊大湾地区位于阿尔金山脉东北缘,当地早古生代时期构造环境复杂并且伴随剧烈的花岗质岩浆活动.通过对区域内早古生代中酸性侵入岩5个岩体（大平沟岩体、阿北银铅矿岩体、阿北岩体、4337北花岗岩体、喀腊大湾南岩体）的岩石学、岩相学、地球化学特征研究,探讨早古生代区域重大构造事件和构造环境.南部的喀腊大湾南岩体表现低钾性质,其余4个岩体样本为中高钾钙碱性中酸性岩,并且有向高钾演变的趋势,铝饱和指数在1.0~1.1之间,数据统计和分析大部分样品具有I型花岗岩特征,少部分显示了I型向S型过渡的性质,代表了洋壳-陆壳活动性大陆边缘的环境.结合喀腊大湾周边地质背景,本地区应该是阿尔金古洋壳和塔里木地块南北向碰撞作用的火山岛弧区域.     

单台地震自动定位网格搜索法及其MATLAB试验

提出了一种利用单个地震台站三分向数字地震波形记录进行单台地震自动定位的网格搜索法。该方法以台站为中心,建立辐射状网格,按可变震中距步长和方位角步长进行搜索。对一个检测到的地震事件记录波形,对每个震中距,计算预测波形特征函数与记录波形特征函数的互相关函数值,选其最大值对应的震中距;对每个方位角,合成沿径向和沿横向的波形分量,并计算P波段的径向绝对积分值与横向绝对积分值之差,选其最大值对应的方位。对于选定的方位,如果合成的径向分量与记录垂直分量乘积在P波段的积分值为负,则取该方位角为震中相对于台站的方位角,否则该角要加上180°。在MATLAB环境中对该方法的基本步骤进行了试验,初步结果表明该方法是可行的。     

关于创建川滇水库地震监测预报研究实验场的建议

川滇两省水能资源开发量位居全国前茅,尤其是川滇交界区域的雅砻江、大渡河、金沙江流域的水能资源富甲全国,在西部大开发中的战略地位极其重要,国家即将在此建成一个位于全球破坏性地震多发区域的巨型水库密集区。具有全球难寻的监测、预报、研究水库地震的资源优势。建议用完全开放的创新思维,在此区域创建水库地震监测预报研究实验场,具有重要的防震减灾现实意义和历史意义。     

Palaeoenvironment of mid- to late Holocene loess deposit of the southern margin of the Tarim Basin,NW China

Holocene environmental history in the Tarim Basin and the Taklimakan Desert is known mainly from isolated eolian and lacustrine deposits and remain puzzling. Here we present an adequately preserved loess section, covering the past 5000 years, at a highland (2,850 m a.s.l) on the northern slope of Kunlun Mountains. Pollen preserved in the section reveal a drying trend with significant moisture fluctuations around 3000–2600 cal yr BP and 1800 cal yr BP at the study site. Comparing the pollen, grain size from the same section provides a different scene occurred in the Tarim basin and the Taklimakan desert. Comparison of grain size to A/C ration of pollen suggests that active sand southward shifting in south margin of the desert is coincident with increasing moisture condition at the section locality, implying a casual link. This moisture pattern occurred at the upper and lower elevation of the slope is best explained by the vertical variation of local precipitation along the slope.     

Recent Advances in Predictability Studies in China （1999-2002）

Since the last International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) General Assembly (1999), the predictability studies in China have made further progress during the period of 1999-2002. Firstly, three predictability sub-problems in numerical weather and climate prediction are classified, which are concerned with the maximum predictability time, the maximum prediction error, and the maximum allowable initial error, and then they are reduced into three nonlinear optimization problems. Secondly, the concepts of the nonlinear singular vector (NSV) and conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) are proposed,which have been utilized to study the predictability of numerical weather and climate prediction. The results suggest that the nonlinear characteristics of the motions of atmosphere and oceans can be revealedby NSV and CNOP. Thirdly, attention has also been paid to the relations between the predictability and spatial-temporal scale, and between the model predictability and the machine precision, of which the investigations disclose the importance of the spatial-temporal scale and machine precision in the study of predictability. Also the cell-to-cell mapping is adopted to analyze globally the predictability of climate,which could provide a new subject to the research workers. Furthermore, the predictability of the summer rainfall in China is investigated by using the method of correlation coefficients. The results demonstrate that the predictability of summer rainfall is different in different areas of China. Analysis of variance, which is one of the statistical methods applicable to the study of predictability, is also used to study the potential predictability of monthly mean temperature in China, of which the conclusion is that the monthly mean temperature over China is potentially predictable at a statistical significance level of 0.10. In addition,in the analysis of the predictability of the T106 objective analysis/forecasting field, the variance and the correlation coefficient are calculated to explore the distribution characteristics of the mean-square errors.Finally, the predictability of short-term climate prediction is investigated by using statistical methods or numerical simulation methods. It is demonstrated that the predictability of short-term climate in China depends not only on the region of China being investigated, but also on the time scale and the atmospheric internal dynamical process.     

沙尘暴电效应的实验观测研究

利用国内大型风沙物理风洞实验模拟沙尘暴电现象,研究风沙起电机理,结果表 明,不同风速下不同沙粒会产生不同极性的电场强度和电位效应,风沙电随风速增大而增强 ,且随沙粒度增大而减小. 在沙漠区的16m,8m,4m和1m高度上观测到27次不同沙尘暴天气 过程的电场和风速随时间变化. 结果表明, 在晴天4个高度上的电场均为小正电场值,电场 随高度降低而减小,最大电场强度在5kV/m以下,日风速变化对各层电场起伏没有较大影响 . 有沙尘天气,各高度上的电场强度随风速变化而变化. 16m高度上电场均为负值,平均值 为 -20kV/m;中层8m 电场一般为较高正电场值,达到10～40kV/m,与16m高度上电场呈反相 关;下层1m 电场值变化一般很小,在1kV/m以下. 在强沙尘暴天气4个高度上的电场均为负 电值,电场值随高度降低而减小,16m高度上最大平均电场强度达到-200kV/m以上,瞬时值 超过 -2500kV/m,与晴天电场矢量相反.     

地理信息系统的发展现状和趋势

当前,在世界范围内,一个以GIS技术为核心,集遥感、GPS等技术为一体的新产业——地理空间信息产业——正在形成,并积极推动着传统测绘、地理和制图等产业向现代数字、知识经济产业发展。文章首先介绍当前地理信息系统研究中的几个热点研究领域;然后对GIS软件业界的现状进行详细分析,指出了我国测绘软件业存在的七个方面的问题,提出了“集约型、跨越式”发展我国GIS自主产权技术的具体政策和措施;最后介绍了GIS应用系统的发展及特点。     

气象部门出纳日记账系统在国库集中支付中的应用

利用改进后的《出纳日记账处理系统》,按支出科目的类、款、项进行分类,登记零余额账户的银行存款日记账,达到《气象部门财政国库管理制度改革试点资金支付管理办法实施细则》关于登记银行日记账簿的要求。     

Deep-sea Fe-Mn Crusts from the Northeast Atlantic Ocean: Composition and Resource Considerations

Eighteen deep-sea ferromanganese crusts (Fe-Mn crusts) from 10 seamounts in the northeast Atlantic were studied. Samples were recovered from water depths of ～1,200 to ～4,600 m from seamounts near Madeira, the Canary and Azores islands, and one sample from the western Mediterranean Sea.

The mineralogical and chemical compositions of the samples indicate that the crusts are typical continental margin, hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts. The Fe-Mn crusts exhibit a Co + Cu + Ni maximum of 0.96 wt%. Platinum-group element contents analyzed for five samples showed Pt contents from 153 to 512 ppb.

The resource potential of Fe-Mn crusts within and adjacent to the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is evaluated to be comparable to that of crusts in the central Pacific, indicating that these Atlantic deposits may be an important future resource.