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101.
Modelling the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall intensity at local scale 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Accurate estimates of rainfall intensity distribution with high temporal and spatial resolution are necessary in most urban hydrological studies, such as planning, simulation or control of sewer networks. Traditionally, these data are obtained from intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves at sites with long rainfall intensity time-series, however, little attention is given to the spatial features of precipitation. In this paper, a mathematical model of a local scale storm that takes account of the spatial variability of rainfall and rain-cell movement is proposed. The model has been calibrated with a dense network of raingauges and a long rainfall intensity timeseries (60 years) and its parameters have been calculated for convective storms of return periods up to 15 years with their most frequently-observed rain-cell velocities (1 to 4 m/s).This work has been supported by the DGICYT, Project NAT91-0596.With 6 Figures 相似文献
102.
人机联作模拟反演可以充分利用一些已知的地质地球物理信息,充分发挥人的智能作用,提高地质解释效果。本文利用二度、二度半多边型重磁模型,在IBM微机上初步实现了重磁人机联作解释系统。 相似文献
103.
104.
Some more proper criteria for the nonlinear stability of three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic motions are given by combining variational principle with a prior estimates method. The criteria are suitable for perturbations of initial condition as well as parameters in the model. The basic flow can be steady or unsteady. Particularly the difficulty due to the nonlinear boundary condition is completely overcome by the use of our method. 相似文献
105.
本文根据滇西地震预报实验场的部分大地测量资料应用反演方法研究了区内活动断裂带的现今活动段。结合地震活动和地震地质资料对地震危险区作了进一步的估计。 相似文献
106.
107.
Summary A mathematical model has been derived to study the superficial thermal anomalies to be found in Lanzarote (605°C at 13 m depth) in association with the convection of geothermal fluids. The model is valid for a wide range of conditions, in particular for those found beneath the Timanfaya volcano (active between 1730 and 1736). Geological and geophysical data suggest that the heat source is related to a cylindrical magma body with a radius of 200±100 m and a top temperature of 850±100°C at a depth of 4±1 km.Energy is transported through fractures by magmatic volatiles and/or by water vapour coming from a deeply located water table: in such a convection system, a fluid flow of 10 l/m2 day, which corresponds to a thermal flux of 130 W/m2, is sufficient to explain the temperature anomalies observed at the surface. The relationships between gas flow and the surface temperatures, as well as the thermal gradients in the conducting fracture are also discussed. 相似文献
108.
对华北地区韧性剪切带几种代表上、中、下地壳深度的糜棱岩及其围岩在高温高压条件下进行纵波速度测定及各向异性研究.对实验样品的纵波速度测定得到以下结果:1.沿糜棱岩面理方向的纵波速度大于与面理垂直方向的纵波速度,差值为0.15-0.30km/s,各向异性为3%-5%;2.糜棱岩的纵波速度低于其围岩的纵波速度,差值为0.10-0.45km/s;3.中地壳角闪岩相糜棱岩的纵波速度各向异性高于上地壳绿片岩相糜棱岩和下地壳麻粒岩相糜棱岩的各向异性;4.地震波速各向异性与糜棱岩矿物优选定向有关. 相似文献
109.
Kriging of water levels in the Souss aquifer,Morocco 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Universal kriging is applied to water table data from the Souss aquifer in central Morocco. The procedure accounts for the spatial variability of the phenomenon to be mapped. With the use of measured elevations of the water table, an experimental variogram is constructed that characterizes the spatial variability of the measured water levels. Spherical and Gaussian variogram models are alternatively used to fit the experimental variogram. The models are used to develop contour maps of water table elevations and corresponding estimation variances. The estimation variances express the reliability of the kriged water table elevation maps. Universal kriging also provides a contour map of the expected elevation of the water table (drift). The differences between the expected and measured water table elevations are called residuals from the drift. Residuals from the drift are compared with residuals obtained by more traditional least-squares analysis. 相似文献
110.
Urban Seismic Risk Evaluation: A Holistic Approach 总被引:3,自引:4,他引:3
Risk has been defined, for management purposes, as the potential economic, social and environmental consequences of hazardous
events that may occur in a specified period of time. However, in the past, the concept of risk has been defined in a fragmentary
way in many cases, according to each scientific discipline involved in its appraisal. From the perspective of this article,
risk requires a multidisciplinary evaluation that takes into account not only the expected physical damage, the number and
type of casualties or economic losses, but also the conditions related to social fragility and lack of resilience conditions,
which favour the second order effects (indirect effects) when a hazard event strikes an urban centre. The proposed general
method of urban risk evaluation is multi hazard and holistic, that is, an integrated and comprehensive approach to guide decision-making.
The evaluation of the potential physical damage (hard approach) as the result of the convolution of hazard and physical vulnerability
of buildings and infrastructure is the first step of this method. Subsequently, a set of social context conditions that aggravate
the physical effects are also considered (soft approach). In the method here proposed, the holistic risk evaluation is based
on urban risk indicators. According to this procedure, a physical risk index is obtained, for each unit of analysis, from
existing loss scenarios, whereas the total risk index is obtained by factoring the former index by an impact factor or aggravating
coefficient, based on variables associated with the socio-economic conditions of each unit of analysis. Finally, the proposed
method is applied in its single hazard form to the holistic seismic risk evaluation for the cities of Bogota (Colombia) and
Barcelona (Spain). 相似文献