石墨矿床分布特征、成因类型及勘查进展

[研究目的]石墨已成为新兴技术产业的重要原材料,也是未来高新技术发展的重要关键性矿产资源.中国既是石墨资源大国,也是生产消费大国,摸清石墨矿产资源分布现状,总结不同成因类型石墨矿床地质特征及成矿规律对保障石墨有效供给具有重要意义.[研究方法]搜集已公开发表或出版的石墨矿产资料,对石墨矿床地质特征、物质来源及成因等内容进...     

准东煤田煤质特征及分布规律

对准东煤田主要勘探区钻孔可采煤层煤质资料分析,从煤岩学和煤化学方面初步总结了煤田的煤质特征和分布规律.煤田煤的化学组成以低灰分、中高挥发份率、低硫、低磷和低氯为特征.煤田东部煤中灰分和镜质组含量相对高于西部.分析准东煤富惰质组和低灰分含量成因,认为可能在泥炭沼泽形成时期,泥炭的生长速率约大于基底沉降速率,泥炭沼泽表面长时期处于沼泽的潜水面之上,具有相对氧化、物源碎屑影响小的高位泥炭沼泽环境条件所致.煤田东部基底沉降速率相对较快,物源碎屑供应相对充分.     

On disturbances in a viscoelastic rod (of variable cross-section) of Reiss type placed in a magnetic field

Summary The equations of mechanical motion and electromagnetic equations of Maxwell have been used to investigate the disturbances in a viscoelastic rod of Reiss type placed in a magnetic field.     

Seismic performance of chevron-configured special concentrically braced frames with yielding beams

Current seismic design requirements for special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs) in chevron configurations require that the beams supporting the braces be designed to resist the demands resulting from the simultaneous yielding of the tension brace and degraded, post-buckling strength of the compression brace. Recent research, including large-scale experiments and detailed finite-element analyses, has demonstrated that limited beam yielding is not detrimental to chevron braced frame behavior and actually increases the story drift at which the braces fracture. These findings have resulted in new expressions for computing beam demands in chevron SCBFs that reduce the demand in the tension brace to be equal to the expected compressive capacity at buckling of the compression brace. In turn, the resultant force on the beam is reduced as is the required size of the beam. Further study was undertaken to investigate the seismic performance of buildings with SCBFs, including chevron SCBFs with and without yielding beams and X-braced frames. Prototype three- and nine-story braced frames were designed using all three framing systems, that is, chevron, chevron with yielding beams, and X SCBFs, resulting in six building frames. The nonlinear dynamic response was studied for ground motions simulating two different seismic hazard levels. The results were used to characterize the seismic performance in terms of the probability of salient damage states including brace fracture, beam vertical deformation, and collapse. The results demonstrate that the seismic performance of chevron SCBFs with limited beam yielding performs as well as or better than the conventionally designed chevron and X SCBFs.     

Effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the osmolarity, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and HSP70 expression in juvenile chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the osmolarity, Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and HSP70 of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis with initial wet body weight of 1.460 g ± 0.091 g. The salinity in the control group (D0) was 28 throughout the experiment, whereas treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 were subjected to different salinity fluctuation frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively. The salinity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was kept at 28 for 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively, decreased abruptly to salinity 24, lasted for another 2 d, and then was raised to its initial value 28. This was a complete salinity fluctuation cycle that afterwards repeated itself. After 32 days, the osmolarity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was significantly lower than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). There were significant differences in both muscle and eyestalks HSP70 expression among groups. The HSP70 expressions in muscle and eyestalks in group D4 were 61.4% and 57.0% higher, respectively, than that in the control group D0 (P<0.05). There were, however, no significant differences in gill or hepatopancreas Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity between the treatments and the control.     

北京市第一次地理国情普查遥感影像解译样本的采集分析

遥感影像作为地理国情普查工作中重要的采集依据,关系着整个国情普查成果的质量。本文通过在北京市第一次地理国情普查中遥感影像解译样本采集的实际经验对采集方法及质量控制等方面进行分析。     

日照市海雾天气的特征分析与预报

文章利用地面及探空气象观测资料、海洋站观测资料、ERA再分析资料,统计了日照市1988—2019年每年4—7月的海雾过程。分析了产生海雾的天气形势及形成机理,提出了影响日照地区海雾天气生成的主要气象要素及其配合效用。结果表明：春夏季节,日照地区处于入海变性高压西部、太平洋副热带高压脊西部或低压前部等几类天气形势控制下时,最易产生平流海雾过程;天气形势控制下的风向与风速、露点温度、气温、海温、层结稳定等水文气象要素在海雾形成过程起到重要作用。在此基础上,利用Fisher二级判别分析方法建立海雾预报的判别方程。通过预报检验发现,文章提供的海雾统计学预报方法具有良好的预报能力,预报准确率在88%～94%之间。可用来进行短期日照市海雾特征预报,为日照的工农业、渔业生产以及海上和陆地交通运输等提供服务。     

寄托乡愁的中国乡建模式解析与路径探索

中央城镇化工作会议提出在提高城镇化水平的同时,要让居民望得见山,看得见水,记得住乡愁。这是对过去城市化发展模式的总结和反思,也是未来新型城镇化建设的新要求和新目标。从解析乡愁的概念内涵和外延以及当前乡建典型模式中的一些问题入手,结合国内外相关理论和案例,指出目前乡建模式中值得思考和需要改进的地方,提出建立可复制的多方参与社会治理制度、明确各方责权利关系的机制、构建多学科协同规划与建设引导体系、培育支撑郊区和乡村可持续发展的产业体系是乡建模式的主要原则、内涵和路径,是建设乡愁空间载体的关键要素,是实现中国梦的坚实基础。     

盐度和Ca2+浓度对中国明对虾稚虾耗氧率的影响

设计双因子实验研究了水温25.0℃±0.5℃下,盐度(5,15,30)和Ca2 质量浓度(175,350,700,1 400,2 800 mg/L)对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)稚虾耗氧率的影响,实验对虾的湿体质量为0.301 g±0.041 g。实验结果表明:(1)不同盐度下,中国明对虾稚虾耗氧率的大小顺序为R5>R30>R15。其中,盐度15下对虾的耗氧率显著低于盐度5和30下的耗氧率(P<0.05);(2)不同Ca2 质量浓度下,中国明对虾稚虾耗氧率的大小顺序为R2 800>R175>R700>R1 400>R350。其中,Ca2 质量浓度为350 mg/L组对虾的耗氧率显著低于其它处理组,Ca2 质量浓度为2 800 mg/L组对虾的耗氧率显著高于其它处理组(P<0.05),而Ca2 质量浓度为175,700和1 400 mg/L组间对虾的耗氧率差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)盐度和Ca2 质量浓度的交互作用显著影响中国明对虾稚虾的耗氧率(P<0.05)。     

1970-2020年年昌吉地区日照时数时空变化特征分析

基于昌吉地区10个气象站点1970-2020年的气象观测数据,运用气候倾向法、5年滑动平均趋势分析法、M-K检验法、Pearson相关分析法以及ArcGIS10.7环境下的反距离加权(IDW)插值法探究昌吉地区日照时数时空变化规律及影响因素。结果表明:昌吉地区日照时数多年平均值为2840.3h,空间分布特征为“东部多,中西部少;山区多,平原少”,并呈现显著减少趋势,其速率为-62.8h/10a;从季度上看,日照时数夏季最高,其次是春季和秋季,冬季最低;下降速率冬季最快,其次是秋季和夏季,春季变化幅度最小;日照时数年内变化呈现双峰型,最大值出现在5月、7月和8月,最小值出现在12月,1-12月日照时数均呈现减少趋势,1月减少最为明显,12月次之。昌吉地区年日照时数在1987年发生突变;在影响因子方面,日照时数与总云量、水气压、雾日数呈现显著负相关,与大风日数、扬沙日数呈现显著正相关,说明,总云量、水气压、雾日数的逐年增加和大风日数逐年减少是日照时数逐年减少的主要原因。