LA-ICP-MS石榴子石U-Pb定年方法在异剥钙榴岩和矽卡岩年代学研究中的应用

本文利用Coherent GeoLas HD型 193 nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统和Agilent 7900 型四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,建立了 LA-ICP-MS 石榴子石 U-Pb 定年方法.利用该方法,对采自冀北地区晚古生代镁铁质-超镁铁质混杂岩体中的异剥钙榴岩和闽西南马坑式铁矿含矿石榴子石矽卡岩这两种岩石中的石榴子石开展 U-Pb 定年研究.在冀北地区晚古生代镁铁质-超镁铁质混杂岩体中的异剥钙榴岩中,获得石榴子石下交点年龄为(387.6±5.4)Ma(D496-1,MSWD=1.1,N=30)和(409.3±7.8)Ma(D493-1,MSWD=2.0,N=60),在马坑铁矿石榴子石矽卡岩中,获得石榴子石下交点年龄为(128.6±2.1)Ma(ZK7921-b24,MSWD=2.0,N=60)和(128.7±3.2)Ma(ZK7922-b1,用锆石 91500 校正,MSWD=1.8,N=42);在潘田铁矿的石榴子石矽卡岩中,获得石榴子石的下交点年龄为(128.7±1.7)Ma(PT-b1,MSWD=1.7,N=30)和(132.1±1.3)Ma(PT-b1 样品,用锆石 91500 校正,MSWD=1.6,N=30)(除了指明使用锆石标样 91500 校正石榴子石未知样品外,其他皆用石榴子石标样Willsboro校正石榴子石未知样品的 U/Pb分馏).以上结果与 Sm-Nd等时线年龄及前人报道的锆石U-Pb年龄在误差范围内一致.对马坑式铁矿石榴子石矽卡岩U-Pb定年结果表明,利用石榴子石标样Willsboro 和锆石标样 91500 作为外标样校正同一样品中石榴子石 U/Pb 同位素分馏,获得的下交点年龄一致,206Pb/238U 年龄的加权平均值也一致,说明石榴子石与锆石之间的基体效应较小,在缺乏石榴子石标样时,可用锆石标样 91500 代替.在上述研究基础上分析了石榴子石U-Pb定年方法在矽卡岩型矿床成矿时代研究及异剥钙榴岩年代学研究中的应用潜力,认为石榴子石 U-Pb 定年方法在矽卡岩型矿床及异剥钙榴岩年代学研究中具有巨大的应用推广前景,具有重要的理论指导和实际应用意义.     

西天山阿希晚古生代破火山口构造及其控矿意义

阿希破火山口构造位于西天山博罗科努山早石炭世吐拉苏—也里莫墩火山岩带西部,呈近等轴状,周边被环状断裂所限,南北直经２.６kｍ,东西向宽２.４kｍ,面积约６kｍ2。火山口缘环状、放射状裂隙、火山岩相的配置格局、地球物理场特征等都十分清晰地显示了破火山口的特征。大型阿希金矿产于破火山口缘环状断裂内,显示了与破火山口形成的密切成因联系。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层岩相划分与类型评价

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油藏是继吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油藏之后的又一重大发现,风城组沉积期玛湖凹陷具有近陆源供给、火山活动频发、气候干旱炎热的特点,为独具特色的盐碱化湖泊沉积环境创造了条件,也是风城组岩性复杂多变的重要原因。火山岩、内源岩、陆源碎屑岩以及多源混积岩纵向频繁叠置,形成米级到厘米级页岩油储层。结合岩性变化特征,以构造样式作为突破口,厘米级尺度岩心观察为基础,高频沉积构造分析为辅助,利用亚离子抛光电镜、能谱测试、荧光分析等多种技术手段对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层进行岩性岩相分析,认为玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层可划分为4大类（砂砾岩类、火山岩类、混积岩类与内源岩类）、8小类储层。4大类储层储集性能逐渐减弱,其中混积岩类储层因其构造与成分差异可进一步划分为混积页岩、纹层–似纹层状混积泥岩、树根状–网状混积泥岩、雪花–星点状混积泥岩;页理发育情况、云质含量以及其产出样式成为混积岩类储层储集物性差异的重要控制因素。     

中国钾盐矿产预测评价模型和资源潜力分析

为摸清全国钾盐矿资源家底,制定科学合理的经济产业政策,依据全国矿产资源潜力评价数据和成果,系统地开展了中国钾盐矿成矿特征研究和资源潜力评价。研究和评价结果显示,中国钾盐矿已发现的矿产资源以第四纪盐湖型钾盐矿为主,成矿时代以第四纪为主。钾盐矿主要分布在西部大型新生代陆相成盐盆地,在空间上可划分为12个Ⅲ级成矿区带。在典型矿床、区域成矿要素和预测要素研究的基础上,归纳总结了第四纪盐湖型、深藏地下卤水型、碎屑岩型、碳酸盐岩型4类钾盐矿的预测评价模型特征。以成矿系列理论为指导,采用矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法,共圈定钾盐矿最小预测区320个,归并圈定了42个3级预测区,并对各预测区进行了定量预测评价,6000m以浅钾盐矿预测资源量计32.63×10~8t(KCl),其中500m以浅钾盐矿预测资源量计15.10×10~8t。分析结果显示,全国以柴达木盆地及北缘钾盐成矿带和塔里木盆地钾盐矿成矿带预测资源量较大,预测资源量主要为第四纪盐湖型和深藏地下卤水型。潜力预测工作较全面地反映了当前的钾盐矿床地质和勘查信息资料水平,对指导钾盐矿地质找矿工作具有重要意义。     

内蒙古大兴安岭东南部土城子组的发现及其意义

通过对研究区地层剖面、接触关系、区域地层对比及同位素测年等资料的研究,将发育于大兴安岭地区原满克头鄂博组下部的一套杂色复成分砾岩、含砾粗砂岩夹火山岩组合的地层厘定为上侏罗统土城子组,与燕辽地区之土城子组有较好的可比性.研究区土城子组的发现,一是填补了研究区土城子组的空白;二是通过对该组形成时代的讨论以及与上覆地层的接触关系研究,为该区与燕辽地区中生代地层划分与对比研究提供了依据,同时为兴安岭地区中生代地质演化研究提供参考.     

Generation of Deccan Trap magmas

Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare. Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1) Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO₂; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces; (6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode.     

LA-ICP-MS锆石微区U-Pb定年方法及不同束斑直径对年龄结果的影响作用探讨

利用自然资源部古地磁与古构造重建重点实验室新引进的GeoLas HD型193nm ArF准分子激光剥蚀系统和Agilent 7900型四极杆电感耦合等离子质谱仪,成功建立了LA-ICP-MS锆石微区U-Pb定年及微量元素分析测试方法。以标准锆石91500为外标,在32 μm束斑直径、5.0 J/cm²能量密度和5 Hz剥蚀频率等实验条件下,对Plešovice、Temora1和Qinghu锆石标样开展了U-Pb定年实验,所测年龄结果与各标样推荐值在误差范围允许的条件下一致,并且Plešovice年龄结果在不同时间段内保持稳定。同时对未知年龄样品11-5开展了不同实验室测年结果对比研究,所测结果与中国地质大学(武汉)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室所测年龄在误差允许范围内一致。以NIST SRM 610为外标,²⁹Si为内标,分析测试了锆石91500和NIST SRM 612标准样品的微量元素含量,实验测试结果与推荐值一致。在此基础上探索总结了不同剥蚀斑束直径对U-Pb年龄结果的影响,认为在同样的能量密度和剥蚀频率条件下,16~44 μm的剥蚀直径可以获取可靠的锆石U-Pb年龄,但32~44 μm相比16~24 μm小斑束直径所测得的年龄更加精准。

     

首编大别造山带侵入岩地质图(1∶50万)及其说明

湖北蕲春烈马咀钼矿位于大别山南坡,已探明的大型钼矿鲜有报道,对该矿区的深入研究甚少,缺少对成岩成矿时代、成因和构造背景的准确厘定。对烈马咀钼矿及与成矿有关的花岗岩进行了岩相学、岩石地球化学研究和Re−Os同位素测年。结果表明：与成矿有关的岩石为斑状二长花岗岩或二长花岗斑岩,矿区成矿规模小,矿石为浸染状或细脉浸染状展布;辉钼矿等时线年龄为119±8 Ma,年龄加权平均值为118.9±0.98 Ma,指示烈马咀钼矿为早白垩世热液产物;岩石地球化学数据表明其为高硅、高钾钙碱性系列A型花岗岩;稀土元素的总含量高,轻稀土元素含量相对富集,重稀土元素含量相对亏损。烈马咀钼矿区与成矿有关的岩石形成于大别造山带伸展环境,与燕山晚期岩石圈减薄有关。

     

Hybrid Gaussian-cubic radial basis functions for scattered data interpolation

Scattered data interpolation schemes using kriging and radial basis functions (RBFs) have the advantage of being meshless and dimensional independent; however, for the datasets having insufficient observations, RBFs have the advantage over geostatistical methods as the latter requires variogram study and statistical expertise. Moreover, RBFs can be used for scattered data interpolation with very good convergence, which makes them desirable for shape function interpolation in meshless methods for numerical solution of partial differential equations. For interpolation of large datasets, however, RBFs in their usual form, lead to solving an ill-conditioned system of equations, for which, a small error in the data can cause a significantly large error in the interpolated solution. In order to reduce this limitation, we propose a hybrid kernel by using the conventional Gaussian and a shape parameter independent cubic kernel. Global particle swarm optimization method has been used to analyze the optimal values of the shape parameter as well as the weight coefficients controlling the Gaussian and the cubic part in the hybridization. Through a series of numerical tests, we demonstrate that such hybridization stabilizes the interpolation scheme by yielding a far superior implementation compared to those obtained by using only the Gaussian or cubic kernels. The proposed kernel maintains the accuracy and stability at small shape parameter as well as relatively large degrees of freedom, which exhibit its potential for scattered data interpolation and intrigues its application in global as well as local meshless methods for numerical solution of PDEs.