Comparison of the QBO and F10.7 Solar Flux Effects on Total Mass Density

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The comparison of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and F10.7 solar flux effects on Total Mass Density (TMD) obtained from NRLMSIS-00 model for 90 km altitude of...     

The Relationship between Dst,IMF-Bz and Collision Parameters for O+ + N2 → NO+ + N Reactive Scattering in the Ionosphere

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The kinetic theory is particularly suitable and convenient to calculate the collision parameters in the ionospheric medium. In this study, the mean free path (λ)...     

Optimal Stopping Location of a High Speed Train using GIS and Multicriteria Decision‐making

This article develops a methodology using a Geographical Information System (GIS) to evaluate the best location to stop a high speed passenger train when faced with an undesired event. The proposed method is based on multicriteria decision‐making where different stretches of line which could be chosen as the stopping point are ranked depending on the characteristics of the line, the surrounding area and its accessibility for equipment. The method was integrated into the GIS to develop an expert support system for decision makers faced with different kinds of undesired events. It has been applied to a case study on the high speed line between Valladolid and Madrid (Spain). The proposed method is new and has not previously been applied to high speed railway networks and could be adapted to other case studies. The speed of the algorithm provides an almost instantaneous reply within seconds of an emergency situation occurring. The method can therefore be part of an overall support system for decision making in undesired rail events.     

Oxygen-carbon dioxide-nutrients relationships in the Southeastern Region of the Bering Sea

The vertical distribution of density, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, nutrients, preformed phosphate, pH, alkalinity, alkalinity: chlorinity ratio, in situ partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and percent saturation of calcite and aragonite, for the Southeastern Bering Sea, is studied and explained in terms of biological and physical processes. Some hydrological interactions between the Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean are explained. The horizontal distribution of dissolved oxygen at 2000 and 2500 m depths, throughout the Bering Sea, indicates that deep water is flowing from the Pacific, through the Kamchatka Strait, and then northward and eastward in the Bering Sea. Based on the dissolved oxygen distribution we estimate roughly that it takes 20 years for the deep waters to move from the Kamchatka Strait to the Southeastern part of the eastern basin. The surface concentration of nutrients is higher in the Bering Sea than in the North Pacific Ocean, probably because of upwelling and intense vertical mixing in the Bering Sea. A multivariable regression analysis of dissolved oxygen as a function of phosphate concentration and potential temperature was applied for the region where the potential temperature-salinity diagram is straight, and the confidence interval of the PO₄ coefficient, at the 95% probability level, was found consistent with theRedfield biochemical oxidation model. The calcium carbonate saturation calculations show that the Bering Sea is supersaturated with aragonite in the upper 100 m, and with calcite in the upper 200 m. Below these depths seawater is undersaturated with respect to these two minerals.     

济青高速公路大雾天气气候特征及其影响

利用济青高速公路沿线13个气象站1971～2000年的地面观测资料，分析了济青高速公路沿线大雾天气的天气气候特征，发现：济青高速公路沿线大雾天气不仅具有明显的年际变化，而且具有明显季节、昼夜和地域差异，并在此基础上将不同路段大雾服务划分为特别关键期、关键期、次关键期。结合实际交通气象服务的需要，将大雾天气对于高速公路的影响划分为4个等级，并提出了未来开展高速公路大雾服务的设想。     

Contourlet变换和Tsallis熵的多源遥感图像匹配

提出了一种利用Contourlet变换、Tsallis熵和改进粒子群优化的多源遥感图像匹配算法。在分别对参考图像和目标图像进行Contourlet分解的基础上,以基于Tsallis熵的互信息量作为相似性度量准则,利用改进的带极值扰动的简化粒子群优化算法对低分辨率的遥感图像进行匹配操作,逐级上推,最终实现全分辨率情况下多源遥感图像的匹配。实验结果表明,与常用的遥感图像匹配算法相比,该算法匹配精度高,稳健性好,且运算量大幅减少。     

永久散射体干涉测量中最佳主图像选取

以系统热噪声、时空基线、季节性变化和多普勒质心频率作为影响因子,建立主图像选取函数,根据生成相干系数矩阵预测最佳主图像,并利用拉斯维加斯地区的数据实际处理结果对该方法的预测结果进行验证.结果表明该方法能够准确地预测PSInSAR数据处理中不相干图像个数以及图像之间的相干系数,为最佳主图像的选取提供可靠的参考依据.     

Experimental study of the atmospheric marine boundary layer from in-situ aircraft measurements (TOSCANE-T Campaign): Variability of boundary conditions and eddy flux parameterization

The need for a thorough knowledge of boundary conditions over the vast oceanic surfaces makes remote sensing appear as the most suitable tool for future development. Remote sensing techniques require calibration data and consequently in-situ experiments to yield those data. Over the sea, aircraft seem to be the most convenient means of conducting validation experiments because they allow exploration of a large range of scales (from local measurements to measurements of pixel scale). This paper reports on some in-situ atmospheric aircraft measurements that were conducted as part of the TOSCANE-T experiment organized by the European Space Agency to calibrate the scatterometer for launch on ERS-1 in the early 1990's for global ocean wind measurement.The data analysed are the thermodynamic and turbulent variables measured by an instrumented aircraft, the Hurel Dubois, flying at a constant level of 50 m over the sea surface. Special attention was drawn to the variability of the boundary conditions within areas of 25 × 30 km. In fact, the two-dimensional fields of fluxes and thermodynamic parameters were inhomogeneous with some rather strong wind distortion.The eddy fluxes were parameterized with the aid of bulk aerodynamic formulations at a basic scale of 30 km samples, which corresponds to the aircraft flux computation legs. The bulk aerodynamic coefficients for momentum and heat were found to remain independent of windspeed (for wind velocities less than 12 m/s). Fluxes and thermodynamic parameters were also investigated at two other scales: the integration scale was either reduced to small areas of which size always remains larger than several characteristic lengths of turbulent transfer, or extended to a large area of 25 × 30km. The results of the bulk aerodynamic relationships appeared to be scale invariant, which would therefore justify the application of average values, within the range of scales under study.     

气象影视节目制作中设备的综合运用

文章通过一段气象节目制作的实例,浅析了气象影视节目制作中各种主要设备的综合使用及切换台和非线性编辑系统的主要工作原理.     

对加强地震政府网站地震突发事件信息保障工作的思考

地震政府网站是地震行业面向社会宣传防震减灾工作、服务公众的重要窗口.汶川、玉树地震后,地震工作越来越受到社会的关注,地震政府网站已成为社会公众和主流媒体、网站获取地震信息的重要平台,在抗震救灾中发挥着越来越重要的作用.本文通过地震政府网站在汶川、玉树等地震突发事件中信息保障工作的实践,从网站应急制度建设、编制网站应急预...