环江油田巴19区块长7段钙夹层评价与大斜度井分段压裂优化

为实现最大化油藏接触,提高油藏产出水平,长庆环江油田巴19区块长7油藏采用大斜度井开发方式。在初期压裂改造中,由于忽视了层内钙质夹层对压裂缝高的影响,导致实际裂缝的几何形态与设计产生巨大偏差,出现了邻井裂缝串通及生产高含水等问题。本文通过研究油藏剖面测井特征,在细分层位基础上分析纵向应力分布,研究“复合层效应”影响裂缝缝高延伸的关键因素,优化了分段压裂方案,获得了更好的水力裂缝几何形态和尺寸。技术调整后现场压裂工艺质量获得提高,长7段油藏压裂改造质量优良率100%,大大提高了该区块的开发水平。     

Characteristics of sedimentation and channel adjustment linked to the Three Gorges Reservoir

Construction of large dams is attractive because of their great benefits in flood control,hydropower generation,water resources utilization,navigation improvement,etc.However,dam construction may bring some negative impacts on sediment transport and channel dynamics adjustments.Due to the effects of recent water and soil conservation projects,sediment retention in the newly constructed large upstream reservoirs,and other factors,the sedimentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)is quite different from the amount previously predicted in the demonstration stage.Consequently,based on the measured data,characteristics of sedimentation and the related channel deformation in the TGR were analyzed.The results imply that sediment transport tended to be reduced after the Three Gorges Project(TGP).Sedimentation slowed dramatically after 2013 and indicated obvious seasonal characteristics.Due to the rising water level in the TGR in the flood season,the yearly sediment export ratio(Eratio)was prone to decrease.The water level near the dam site should be reasonably regulated according to the flow discharge to improve the sediment delivery capacity and reduce sedimentation in the TGR,and to try to avoid situations where the flood retention time is close to 444 h.The depositional belt was discontinuous in the TGR and was mainly distributed in the broad reaches,and only slight erosion or deposition occurred in the gorge reaches.Sedimentation in the broad and gorge reaches accounted for 93.8% and 6.2% of the total sedimentation,respectively.The estuarine reach located in the fluctuating backwater area experienced alternate erosion-deposition,with a slight accumulative deposition in the curved reach.Sedimentation mainly occurred in the perennial backwater area.The insight gained in this study can be conducive to directly understanding of large reservoir sedimentation and mechanism of channel adjustment in the reservoir region in the main channel of large river.     

沙嘴海岸地形对黄河三角洲沿岸余流场的影响

以钓口流路时期1967年前后的海岸地形为例,研究了沙嘴海岸地形对黄河三角洲沿岸余流场的影响.数值对比试验表明,沙嘴附近的余流流向受地形扰动而不断偏转,使得沙嘴地形特征可能引起局部余环流结构的改变,甚至在沙嘴附近呈现出小的涡环结构,沙嘴对流向的影响随离沙嘴地形距离的增加而渐弱.沙嘴海岸地形还将引起局部流速的增加,并在其附近海域形成高流速区,在忽略沙嘴地形的条件下,一些随沙嘴而生的高流速区范围缩小、流速降低,并向西南移动,甚至消失,原沙嘴前沿余流流速明显减小,随离沙嘴距离的增加,流速差异逐渐微弱.     

WebGIS中间件在WebGIS开发中的优势和灵活性

以ArcGIS Server为核心技术并以ESRI公司的控件为基础的WebGIS,其开发在某种程度上受到一定限制和约束,为了摆脱这些限制和约束,开发了WebGIS中间件,并以北京数字市政地下管网系统为例进行说明.     

基于Sentinel-1A数据的多种机器学习算法识别冰山的比较

冰山识别对于海洋环境监测和船只安全运行等具有重要的意义,是北极航道开通和北极开发过程中的重要内容。采用合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像进行冰山识别具有独特的优势,多种机器学习算法均可用于SAR影像的冰山识别中。为了最大限度地发挥机器学习算法的性能,有必要对不同机器学习算法及其搭配使用的特征与特征标准化方法进行评估,从而进行最优冰山识别方法的选择。因此,本文基于Sentinel-1A SAR影像,采用多种机器学习方法、多种特征组合及多种特征标准化方法进行冰山识别,并比较各流程方法的识别性能差异。采用的机器学习算法包括贝叶斯分类器(Bayes)、反向神经网络(BPNN)、线性判别分析(LDA)、随机森林(RF)以及支持向量机(SVM);特征标准化方法包括Min-max标准化、Z-score标准化及log函数标准化;数据集是含有12个SAR影像特征的969个冰山与非冰山样本,样本主要位于格陵兰岛东海岸。分类效果采用接收者操作特性(ROC)曲线下的面积(AUC)进行衡量。结果显示,最佳搭配下的RF的AUC值最高,达到了0.945,比最差的Bayes高出0.09。从识别率上来看,RF在冰山查全率为80%的情况下非冰山查全率达到92.6%,效果最好,比第2位的BPNN高出1.4%,比最差的Bayes高出2.6%;BPNN在冰山查全率为90%的情况下非冰山查全率达到87.4%,比第2位的RF高出0.8%,比最差的Bayes高出2.7%。上述结果表明,对冰山识别而言,选择最优的机器学习算法和最佳的特征与特征标准化方法都是十分重要的。     

我国最冷日期及其日均温分布特征的气候分析

采用五天滑动平均方法，对我国最冷日期及其日均温的分布特征进行了气候分析。最冷日期及其日均温有沿着纬向分布的特征。最冷日期除在西北地区、东北的北部边陲和滇南外，其余大部地区都出现在“三九”期间；最冷日平均气温自南向北迅速降低。     

The worldwide character of the 1969–1970 impulse of the secular acceleration rate

This paper continues earlier studies to ascertain whether the distribution of the 1969–1970 jump of the secular variation rate has a worldwide character. The geometry of the jump presents some similarities with the geometry of the secular variation itself. We give a new estimation of the westward drift rate and information about spatial and temporal variations of the secular variation field.     

网解和PPP解的等价性

证明了PPP解与网解的等价性,比较了网解和PPP解模式下的位置和对流层延迟参数的解算结果,实验验证了这两种GPS解算模式下参数解的等价性。     

用INGLADA与GEIGER方法实现近震精定位

介绍了一种近震定位方法，即利用INGLADA方法实现近震初定位，并对初定位结果利用GEIGER方法进行校正，最终取得精确定位结果的近震定位方法。通过使用虚拟台网测试此定位方法以及该定位方法在实际中的应用表明，将INGLADA与GEIGER方法相结合，在区域地震台网中是一种较理想的近震定位方法。作者已经在MATLAB下实现了此定位方法。