Determination of solar wind elemental abundances from M/Q observations during three periods in 1980

Mass spectra in the range 2 ≦ M/Q ≦ 3 provided by a high resolution mode of the ISEE-3 Plasma Composition Experiment were evaluated for three selected periods during early 1980. The observed Ne/O ratios are compatible with estimated solar abundance ratios. In two of the three periods, the He/Ne-ratios agree with the Apollo foil results. Freezing-in temperatures for oxygen are similar to those obtained by other groups. Possible reasons for an unexpectedly high flux at M/Q = 2.4 are discussed.     

Quasi-Biennial Oscillations of Global Solar-Activity Indices

Quasi-biennial oscillations of solar activity are investigated using several global indices. The Singular Spectrum Analysis is used to separate out and study quasi-biennial oscillations; this method is one of the modifications of the main components method. The principal components of the solar cycle are stable 11-year, secular, and quasi-biennial variations. The periods and shapes of individual variations in each quasi-biennial train depend on the length and power of the particular 11-year cycle.     

Predictions for the clustering properties of the Lyman-alpha forest – I. One-point statistics

We present predictions for the one-point probability distribution and cumulants of the transmitted QSO flux in the high redshift Lyman- α forest. We make use of the correlation between the Lyman- α optical depth and the underlying matter density predicted by gravitational instability theory and seen in numerical hydrodynamic simulations. We have modelled the growth of matter fluctuations using the non-linear shear‐free dynamics, an approximation which reproduces well the results of perturbation theory for the cumulants in the linear and weakly non-linear clustering regime. As high matter overdensities tend to saturate in spectra, the statistics of the flux distribution are dominated by weakly non-linear overdensities. As a result, our analytic approach can produce accurate predictions, when tested against N -body simulation results, even when the underlying matter field has root-mean-square fluctuations larger than unity. Our treatment can be applied to either Gaussian or non-Gaussian initial conditions. Here we concentrate on the former case, but also include a study of a specific non-Gaussian model. We discuss how the methods and predictions we present can be used as a tool to study the generic clustering properties of the Lyman- α forest at high redshift. With such an approach, rather than concentrating on simulating specific cosmological models, we may be in a position to directly test our assumptions for the Gaussian nature of the initial conditions, and the gravitational instability origin of structure itself. In a separate paper we present results for two-point statistics.     

Generalized thermodynamics uncertainty and (anti) de Sitter space

The derivation of the thermodynamics uncertainty to anti de Sitter space-time is carried out. The entropy of anti de Sitter space is obtained. Furthermore, for first time, the electromagnetic signal related to the Hawking radiation is suggested to be calculated which may be a key factor in realizing black holes in both cosmos and lab.     

Synchronization trends and rhythms of multifractal parameters of the field of low-frequency microseisms

The field of low-frequency microseisms is investigated with the use of data from 83 stations of the F-net broadband network in Japan over the period from the beginning of 1997 through June 2008. Vertical components with a sampling step of 1 s are used for analysis, as well as signals with a sampling step of 1 min obtained from the initial data by averaging and thinning. Long-period regularities of changes in the singularity spectrum support width Δα and the generalized Hurst exponent α* for the field of low-frequency microseisms were revealed by estimating multifractal singularity spectra in consecutive time windows 30 min long for 1-s data and 24 hour long for 1-min data. The average value of the parameter α* for 1-s data significantly decreased before the Hokkaido earthquake of September 25, 2003 (M = 8.3), and was not restored subsequently to its previous level. Prior to September 2003, 1-min data on α* variations experienced strong annual changes, which completely ceased afterwards. Both these effects are interpreted as an increase in the degree of synchronization of microseismic noise on Japan’s islands after the September 25, 2003, earthquake. This hypothesis is also supported by estimates of the measures of correlation and spectral coherence between variations in the average values of Δα and α* calculated for 1-min data inside five spatial clusters of stations from consecutive time fragments two months long. Based on the well-known statement of the theory of catastrophes that synchronization is one of the flags of an approaching catastrophe, it was suggested that the Hokkaido event could be a foreshock of an even stronger earthquake nucleating in the region of Japan’s islands.     

Cadmium absorption and accumulation in different parts of kidney beans, radishes and pumpkins

This study is done to measure the absorption and distribution of cadmium in different parts of kidney beans, radishes and pumpkins. Three parts of a field was chosen. In one part 65 ppm of cadmium nitrate was added to water and in the other part 130 ppm, the last part was irrigated with normal water. Samples were digested by EPA 3050 method. Cadmium concentration was measured by Unicam 919 absorption unit. Beans accumulate cadmium mostly in root (70 ppm) and a little amount is mobilized through upper parts (12–16ppm), but kidneys did not accumulate a significant amount. In radishes the roots did not accumulate a significant amount of cadmium but stems had 4 ppm and leaves had 25 ppm. Cadmium concentration in soil does not affect its concentration in different parts of pumpkins and beside the stems and leaves (4 ppm) the other parts' concentrations were insignificant. In regard to the results of this study the cadmium concentrations in edible parts of the samples (kidney beans, radish roots and pumpkin fruit) were less than the U.S. EPA standards for agriculture and human beings.     

Elasticity of polycrystalline stishovite

Ultrasonic data for the velocities of SiO₂-stishovite have been determined as a function of pressure to 10 kbar at room temperature for polycrystalline specimens hot-pressed at pressures P = 120kbar and temperatures T = 900°C. These cylindrical specimens are 2 mm in diameter and 0.9–1.4 mm long and have a grain size less than 10 μm. Compressional and shear wave velocities were measured both parallel and perpendicular to the axis of pressing and were found to be isotropic at 10 kbar with ν_p = 11.0 ± 0.2km/sec andν_s = 6.9 ± 0.3km/sec; this shear velocit is substantially higher than that of Mizutani et al. (1972) perhaps due to the presence of crack orientations in their specimen which affected ν_s but not ν_p. The Murnaghan P-V trajectories calculated from the ultrasonic data [bulk modulus K_s = 2.5 ± 0.3Mbar and assuming (?K_s/?P)_T = 6 ± 2] are consistent with recent hydrostatic compression data and with the shock wave compression data above 600 kbar. The combined evidence from the data of the ultrasonic and hydrostatic compression techniques suggests that the most probable value of the bulk modulus of stishovite at zero pressure is close to the upper limit of the uncertainty of our ultrasonically determined value, K₀ = 2.7?2.8Mbar. Elasticity data for rutile-type oxides are not compatible with normal K_s-V₀ systematics perhaps due to the neglect of non-central forces in the lattice model. These new stishovite data would make it impossible to satisfy the elasticity-density data of the lower mantle using an oxide mixture with either olivine or pyroxene stoichiometry.