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111.
Brittleness Effect on Rock Fatigue Damage Evolution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The damage evolution mechanism of rocks is one of the most important aspects in studying of rock fatigue behavior. Fatigue damage evolution of three rock types (onyx marble, sandstone and soft limestone) with different brittleness were considered in the present study. Intensive experimental tests were conducted on the chosen rock samples and acoustic emission (AE) sensors were used in some of them to monitor the fracturing process. Experimental tests indicated that brittleness strongly influences damage evolution of rocks in the course of static and dynamic loading. AE monitoring revealed that micro-crack density induced by the applied loads during different stages of the failure processes increases as rock brittleness increases. Also, results of fatigue tests on the three rock types indicated that the rock with the most induced micro-cracks during loading cycles has the least fatigue life. Furthermore, the condition of failure surfaces of the studied rocks samples, subjected to dynamic and static loading, were evaluated and it was concluded that the roughness of failure surfaces is influenced by loading types and rock brittleness. Dynamic failure surfaces were rougher than static ones and low brittle rock demonstrate a smoother failure surface compared to high brittle rock. 相似文献
112.
Khosro Moghtased-Azar Ramin Tehranchi Ali Reza Amiri-Simkooei 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(5):427-439
A typical problem of estimation principles of variance and covariance components is that they do not produce positive variances in general. This caveat is due, in particular, to a variety of reasons: (1) a badly chosen set of initial variance components, namely initial value problem (IVP), (2) low redundancy in functional model, (3) an improper stochastic model, and (4) data’s possibility of containing outliers. Accordingly, a lot of effort has been made in order to design non-negative estimates of variance components. However, the desires on non-negative and unbiased estimation can seldom be met simultaneously. Likewise, in order to search for a practical non-negative estimator, one has to give up the condition on unbiasedness, which implies that the estimator will be biased. On the other hand, unlike the variance components, the covariance components can be negative, so the methods for obtaining non-negative estimates of variance components are not applicable. This study presents an alternative method to non-negative estimation of variance components such that non-negativity of the variance components is automatically supported. The idea is based upon the use of the functions whose range is the set of all positive real numbers, namely positive-valued functions (PVFs), for unknown variance components in stochastic model instead of using variance components themselves. Using the PVF could eliminate the effect of IVP on the estimation process. This concept is reparameterized on the restricted maximum likelihood with no effect on the unbiasedness of the scheme. The numerical results show the successful estimation of non-negativity estimation of variance components (as positive values) as well as covariance components (as negative or positive values). 相似文献
113.
A practical and efficient numerical scheme for the analysis of steady state unconfined seepage flows
The scaled boundary finite‐element method (SBFEM), a novel semi‐analytical technique, is applied to the analysis of the confined and unconfined seepage flow. This method combines the advantages of the finite‐element method and the boundary element method. In this method, only the boundary of the domain is discretized; no fundamental solution is required, and singularity problems can be modeled rigorously. Anisotropic and nonhomogeneous materials satisfying similarity are modeled without additional efforts. In this paper, SBFE equations and solution procedures for the analysis of seepage flow are outlined. The accuracy of the proposed method in modeling singularity problems is demonstrated by analyzing seepage flow under a concrete dam with a cutoff at heel. As only the boundary is discretized, the variable mesh technique is advisable for modeling unconfined seepage analyses. The accuracy, effectiveness, and efficiency of the method are demonstrated by modeling several unconfined seepage flow problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
114.
115.
Mohammad Sh. Odeh 《Experimental Astronomy》2004,18(1-3):39-64
A new criterion for lunar crescent visibility has been established using 737 observations, almost half of them obtained by
the Islamic Crescent Observation Project (ICOP). This criterion is based on two variables, viz. the topocentric arc of vision
and the topocentric crescent width. The new model is able to predict the visibility of the lunar crescent both for naked eye
and optically aided observations. From the database we found a Danjon limit of 6.4 degrees.
Vice-President of “Crescents, Calendars and Mawaqeet Committee” of AUASS. 相似文献
116.
Abolfazl Abdollahi Hamid Reza Riyahi Bakhtiari Mojgan Pashaei Nejad 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(3):423-430
Currently, methods of extracting spatial information from satellite images are mainly based on visual interpretations and drawing the consequences by human factor, which is both costly and time consuming. A large volume of data collected by satellite sensors, and significant improvement in spatial and spectral resolution of these images require the development of new methods for optimal use of these data in order to produce rapid economic and updating road maps. In this study, a new automatic method is proposed for road extraction by integrating the SVM and Level Set methods. The estimated probability of classification by SVM is used as input in Level Set Method. The average of completeness, correctness, and quality was 84.19, 88.69 and 76.06% respectively indicate high performance of proposed method for road extraction from Google Earth images. 相似文献
117.
Boris Kargoll Mohammad Omidalizarandi Ina Loth Jens-André Paffenholz Hamza Alkhatib 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(3):271-297
In this paper, we investigate a linear regression time series model of possibly outlier-afflicted observations and autocorrelated random deviations. This colored noise is represented by a covariance-stationary autoregressive (AR) process, in which the independent error components follow a scaled (Student’s) t-distribution. This error model allows for the stochastic modeling of multiple outliers and for an adaptive robust maximum likelihood (ML) estimation of the unknown regression and AR coefficients, the scale parameter, and the degree of freedom of the t-distribution. This approach is meant to be an extension of known estimators, which tend to focus only on the regression model, or on the AR error model, or on normally distributed errors. For the purpose of ML estimation, we derive an expectation conditional maximization either algorithm, which leads to an easy-to-implement version of iteratively reweighted least squares. The estimation performance of the algorithm is evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations for a Fourier as well as a spline model in connection with AR colored noise models of different orders and with three different sampling distributions generating the white noise components. We apply the algorithm to a vibration dataset recorded by a high-accuracy, single-axis accelerometer, focusing on the evaluation of the estimated AR colored noise model. 相似文献
118.
Landslides - The accurate prediction of landslide tsunami amplitudes has been a challenging task given large uncertainties associated with landslide parameters and often the lack of enough... 相似文献
119.
Landslides - Natural soils often exhibit an anisotropic fabric pattern as a result of soil deposition, weathering, or filling. This paper aims to investigate the effect of soil interdependent... 相似文献
120.
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Making a decision on the post-earthquake functionality of structures has always been one of the most challenging issues in earthquake engineering. There is an... 相似文献