南京市区降水酸度及若干离子的测定

本文介绍南京市区降水的酸度及若干离子的测定结果.结果表明:降水酸度是随时间变化的,1982年降水的酸度比前两年有增加;降水过程中降水初期的pH值一般比较大,然后变小,后期又有所回升;降水中硫酸根[SO_4~=]与硝酸根[NO_3~-]之比一般约为5:1,而雷阵雨降水中它们之比约为3:1.这可能是由于南京市区降水中以硫污染物为主.     

早稻播种量的气候决策方法

早稻播种量的多少受天气气候的影响较大,农户难以决策。为帮助农户解决这一难题,根据气象信息、生产成本等经济参数,采取分类预报定量决策方法,为农户提供最优播种量决策,农户在实际应用中可获得明显的经济效益。     

网络信息技术在贺州市气象综合业务平台建设中的应用

运用SQLServer2000数据库、TCP、FTP、CTI、Java、XML、JavaScrip、GIS、WEBGIS等各种技术,将实况监测显示、上级指导产品查阅、预报预测产品及城镇预报制作上传、预警信息及气象服务材料制作发送、气象服务效益评估、灾情收集上报、业务管理等基本业务集成到一个综合的业务平台上实现,业务平台...     

Long-term water budget estimation with the modified distributed model – LISFLOOD-WB over the Lushi basin, China

Summary In a modification of the distributed hydrological model, LISFLOOD-WB, a two-source canopy scheme is used to predict both the canopy transpiration and soil evaporation. A revised soil storage capacity curve from the Xinanjiang model is applied to take into account the sub-grid heterogeneity. The modified model is used to estimate the long-term (1980–1997) water budget of the Lushi basin (4423 km²), China. All the input data fields are integrated in a four-dimensional GIS data structure with a raster grid spacing of 1-km. The basin channel network is determined from digital elevation data, and the spatial pattern of canopy leaf area index (LAI) is retrieved from NOAA/AVHRR NDVI images. Generally, the model efficiency for discharge prediction is acceptable, but the discharges are overestimated in the driest years and underestimated in the wettest years. The results indicated that the influence of inter-annual variation of spatial patterns of LAI detected by NOAA/AVHRR NDVI on the estimates of annual evapotranspiration is negligible. Annually averaged ratios of overland flow, infiltration and canopy interception to precipitation are 24±7%, 56±10% and 20±2%, respectively. The inter-annual variations of precipitation and predicted evapotranspiration are relatively high with standard deviations of 5.1 mm day⁻¹ and 2.4 mm day⁻¹, respectively, whereas the inter-annual variation of the net radiation is much less. Monthly temporal patterns of soil moisture follow precipitation strongly. Spatially precipitation and LAI are both significantly correlated with evapotranspiration, although precipitation has a slightly more dominant control. The linear relationship between water yield and LAI is weak on a grid by grid basis.     

2008年宁夏久旱转雨天气过程诊断分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2008年7月中旬宁夏久旱转雨过程的环流演变及各种物理量场特征进行诊断分析。结果表明:干旱期宁夏上空长期维持稳定的"西高东低"环流型;大尺度环流形势的调整,特别是中纬度环流形势向"东高西低"转变,是久旱转雨的必要条件。进一步分析发现,这次过程是典型的西太平洋副热带高压(副高)北抬西伸型,副高584 dagpm外围的"SW"气流增强,也与高空冷槽、低空急流、低涡切变和不稳定层结(能量)的发展等有关;久旱转雨时水汽、热力、动力等物理量场的变化也较明显,降水产生在低层高能舌、水汽辐合带及低层辐合、高层辐散的上升气流区内。在此基础上,提出了宁夏夏季久旱转雨预报概念模型及预报着眼点。     

塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析

沙井子构造带位于塔里木盆地西北缘,是分隔阿瓦提凹陷和温宿凸起的边界断裂。它是塔里木盆地研究最薄弱的大型断裂构造带之一。根据系统、精细的地震资料解释,沙井子构造带存在3套断裂体系:深部楔状冲断构造、狭义沙井子断裂和浅部的伸张构造。深部楔状冲断构造形成于志留纪—泥盆纪,由北西倾向的主冲断层和南东倾向的反冲断层形成构造楔; 构造楔主要由前寒武纪变质岩组成,冲断前锋楔入于寒武系中部,造成上覆地层向温宿凸起方向的急剧抬升。狭义的沙井子断裂,即通常所说的沙井子断裂,为一条高角度基底卷入型挤压走滑断裂,形成于二叠纪末—三叠纪初,错断了早期的深部冲断楔。浅部的伸展构造形成于第四纪早-中期,为一系列较小规模的正断层,沿狭义沙井子断裂呈右步雁列状排列,构成左行剪切张扭性断裂带。深部的楔状冲断构造和浅部的伸展构造是本次研究的新发现。     

辽宁南部万福变质核杂岩的发现及其区域构造意义

根据宏观与微观构造测量,结合白垩纪沉积盆地组成与结构、区域岩浆活动性及其测年资料等的综合分析,揭示出在辽宁南部辽南变质核杂岩东侧存在另一个变质核杂岩构造,即万福变质核杂岩。该核杂岩具有典型的三层结构:拆离断层带由不同层次构造岩构成,上盘为元古宇岩石,下盘是太古宇岩石和就位于其中的同构造花岗质侵入体。万福变质核杂岩形成于早白垩世,与辽南变质核杂岩构成一个变质核杂岩对,两者在很多方面具有相似性。该变质核杂岩对的厘定可能为阐明华北晚中生代岩石圈的力学和流变学属性以及岩石圈减薄过程提供了依据。     

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体的成因探讨

冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体的成因探讨＊莫测辉（华南农业大学资源与环境学院，广州５１０６４２）王秀璋程景平梁华英（中国科学院广州地球化学研究所，广州５１０６４０）关键词碱性岩体地质特征地球化学特征锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年龄成因冀西北水泉沟碱性杂岩体是张家口金矿化集中...     

Auriferous Quartz Veins from the Dongping Gold Deposit,NW Hebei Province and Metallogenesis—Fluid Inclusion Rb—Sr Isochron Evidence

The Dongping gold deposit, situated on the northern margin of the North China Platform, is a composite deposit composed of auriferous quartz vein-type and altered rock-type ore bodies. It is hosted in the inner contact zone of an alkaline intrusion which was intruded into Archean metamorphic rocks and was formed not later than the Hercynian period. Auriferous quartz veins of the deposit are dated with the fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron method at 103 ± 4 Ma, indicating that the gold deposit was formed in the Yenshanian period.⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr sourcetracing shows the ore forming materials came dominantly from alkaline intrusions. These results, combined with other isotope and REE data, suggest that the Dongping gold deposit is not a traditional magmatic hydrothermal deposit, but a reworked hydrothermal deposit related to heated and evolved meteoric water. This project (49372105) is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

青藏东昆仑晚古生代末—中生代中酸性火成岩与陆内造山过程

利用岩石大地构造学的研究方法回溯了东昆仑晚古生代末—中生代构造岩浆演化历史。研究表明,东昆仑晚海西期—早燕山期构造演化分为３个阶段：（１）洋脊形成与扩张阶段（３０９～２６０Ｍａ）;（２）大洋板块大规模俯冲阶段（２６０～２３０Ｍａ）,火成岩具安第斯型活动大陆边缘构造属性;（３）陆内造山阶段（２３０～１９０Ｍａ）,陆壳的厚度相当于２６０～２３０Ｍａ期间的两倍,南、北边缘构造性质与深部过程具较明显差异与不对称性。南缘深部总体特征是“壳热而幔冷”,暗示着陆壳与壳下岩石圈之间可能沿莫霍面有较大的构造拆离;北缘在壳底具岩浆底侵作用,其深部特征为“壳冷幔热”。自晚海西期—早燕山期东昆仑岩石圈缩短总量（平均值）约为１４６３ｋｍ。