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51.
Branka Ivančan-Picek Kristian Horvath Nataša Strelec Mahović Marjana Gajić-Čapka 《Natural Hazards》2014,72(2):1231-1252
The aim of this study was to identify the main mesoscale features and mechanisms responsible for the generation of an extreme precipitation event as a contribution to improving the modelling of processes that produce HPEs. The event occurred during the morning hours on 22 November 2010 over the Dubrovnik coast in Croatia and the hinterland mountain range of the southern Dinaric Alps and caused severe flash floods and landslides and consequent interruption of traffic and electricity supply as well as other infrastructural damage. The analysis is geographically focused on the southern portion of the eastern Adriatic region, which is prone to relatively frequent heavy precipitation events that occur mostly in autumn. This area is one of the rainiest in Europe with expected annual amounts of precipitation greater than 5,000 mm in the mountainous hinterland. The mechanisms responsible for the formation of convection were analysed using synop measurements, satellite data and numerical experiments performed with the WRF model, which was set up at the convection-permitting resolution in the innermost domain. Satellite data were used to identify the precipitation systems and to estimate the intensity of the precipitation during the period of interest. The development of the precipitation system was connected to a strong large-scale ascent over the southern Italy and southern Adriatic due to the advection of warm air and cyclonic vorticity advection, which increases with height. The numerical simulations highlighted the essential role of a southerly low-level jet stream in the transport of warm and moist air towards the affected area. The convergence of two branches of low-level marine air favoured convection triggered over the coast and sea. Furthermore, numerical sensitivity experiments suggested that the orography of the Dinaric Alps plays an essential role in the precipitation maximum over the mountainous hinterland, but also that the orography was not the crucial factor in the heavy precipitation near Dubrovnik. This study highlights the need for a dense network of observations, especially radar measurements, to validate the simulated mechanisms and improve numerical forecasts via data assimilation. 相似文献
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高分辨率卫星影像空间分辨率高,地物结构纹理信息突出,常用于土地利用监测、自然灾害预报等领域,但其所含的背景噪声影响了影像识别和分析的有效性和可靠性,因此,选取合适的滤波方法消除各种噪声成为遥感影像处理的首要任务。在遥感技术发展的几十年中,研究者们针对各种噪声类型已发展了多种滤波方法。本文分析了高分辨率遥感影像噪声的特点,介绍了一些传统的滤波算法和近年来广泛应用的新型滤波方法,并深入探讨各种滤波器的性能及其优缺点,为今后选择合适的算法消除高分辨率遥感影像噪声提供参考,最后对遥感影像滤波方法的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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A. K. Pandey K. Upadhyay K. Ogura Ram Sagar V. Mohan H. Mito H. C. Bhatt B. C. Bhatt 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,358(4):1290-1308
UBVRI CCD photometry in a wide field around two young open clusters, NGC 663 and 654, has been carried out. Hα and polarimetric observations for the cluster NGC 654 have also been obtained. We use the photometric data to construct colour–colour and colour–magnitude diagrams, from which we can investigate the reddening, age, mass and evolutionary states of the stellar contents of the these clusters. The reddening across the cluster regions is found to be variable. There is evidence for anomalous reddening law in both clusters; however, more infrared and polarimetric data are needed to conclude about the reddening law. Both clusters are situated at about a distance of 2.4 kpc. Star formation in both clusters is found to be a continuous process. In the case of NGC 663, star formation seems to have taken place sequentially, in the sense that formation of low-mass stars precedes the formation of most massive stars. Whereas, in the case of NGC 654, formation of low-mass stars did not cease after the formation of most massive stars in the cluster. 相似文献
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“8.8”舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害天气特征分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用常规气象资料以及卫星、雷达资料,分析了“8.8”舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害.结果表明,这次强降水是在高空冷平流入侵,与700 hPa切变线配合,由地面冷空气扩散触发对流不稳定能量释放,造成的强对流天气.由于地形等原因形成的一系列γ中尺度气旋造成降水的分配极不均匀;强降水与亮温有很好的对应关系,但亮温并非唯一影响因素.多普勒雷达的径向速度对γ中尺度气旋具有很好的指示意义,表现在旋转速度可以指示涡旋强度;降水与γ中尺度气旋有很好的正相关关系. 相似文献
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敦煌致洪暴雨的广义湿位涡分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用高空、地面定时观测资料、区域站降水资料、FY-2E红外云图和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对2011年6月15-16日甘肃敦煌、阿克塞和肃北的一次历史罕见暴雨天气过程的影响系统、水汽条件、广义湿位涡及其倾向变化进行了分析.结果表明,这次暴雨是中高纬天气系统与低纬天气系统相互作用的结果.暴雨水汽来源于700 hPa新疆东部偏西气流输送和600 hPa附近河西走廊西部偏东气流输送.广义湿位涡正异常主要集中在850~750 hPa广义位温线密集区,这与实际大气水汽主要集中在低层是一致的,在一定程度上反映出暴雨期的水汽分布和水汽集中特征.800 hPa上广义湿位涡的正异常区基本与暴雨区一致,与湿位涡相比,广义湿位涡能更好地诊断出这次暴雨落区.广义湿位涡正异常大值区出现在绝对涡度异常大值区与大的相对湿度梯度相重叠的区域.单点广义湿位涡倾向异常值的负正、正负转换及峰值变化与降水开始、结束和雨强变化相一致.广义湿位涡除了可作为一个分析暴雨系统发生、发展的动力变量外,还可体现出暴雨时期高水汽集中的特点,在暴雨分析中有一定的优势. 相似文献