Occurrence,distribution and partitioning of nonionic surfactants and pharmaceuticals in the urbanized Long Island Sound Estuary (NY)

This work deals with the environmental distribution of nonionic surfactants (nonylphenol and alcohol ethoxylates), their metabolites (NP, nonylphenol; NPEC, nonylphenol ethoxycarboxylates; and PEG, polyethylene glycols) and a selection of 64 pharmaceuticals in the Long Island Sound (LIS) Estuary which receives important sewage discharges from New York City (NYC). Most target compounds were efficiently removed (>95%) in one wastewater treatment plant monitored, with the exception of NPEC and some specific drugs (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide). Concentrations of surfactants (1.4–4.5 μg L⁻¹) and pharmaceuticals (0.1–0.3 μg L⁻¹) in seawater were influenced by tides and sampling depth, consistent with salinity differences. Surfactants levels in suspended solids samples were higher than 1 μg g⁻¹, whereas only most hydrophobic or positively charged pharmaceuticals could be found (e.g., tamoxifen, clarithromycin). Maximum levels of target compounds in LIS sediments (PEG at highest concentrations, 2.8 μg g⁻¹) were measured nearest NYC, sharply decreasing with distance from major sewage inputs.     

Numerical study of the cloud seeding effects

The microphysical model with the bulk water parameterization is applied to simulated both contact and deposition nucleation as well as the imersion freezing for unseeded cases and the cases immediately after seeding performed for the cold continental Cb clouds with small cloud droplets. The injection of agent AgI is performed in temperature region between –8°C and –12°C. The four groups of sensitivity experiments are executed.

Diversity and Distribution of the Bryozoa along Underwater Cliffs in the Adriatic Sea with Special Reference to Thermal Regime

Abstract.  The diversity and distribution of bryozoans have been surveyed at two localities, Cape Struga on Lastovo Island (South Adriatic) and Cape Šilo on Prvić Island near Senj (North Adriatic), with similar characteristics of topography and exposure but markedly different sea temperature conditions. Continuous measurements over one year have shown that temperature conditions differ in two aspects. First, the annual range of temperature is much larger in the North. Second, in the South during summer, marine life within the thermocline layer is exposed to large high-frequency temperature oscillations, partly due to an internal diurnal tide, a phenomenon recorded for the first time in the Adriatic. Altogether, 78 species have been recorded, 57 in Lastovo and 50 in Prvić, and 29 in both localities. The comparison of mean zooid lengths of 14 bryozoan species occurring at both localities indicates no consistent difference in zooid size between northern and southern sites. Seventeen bryozoan species have been recorded in the Eastern Adriatic Sea for the first time.     

On the circular velocity in the andromeda galaxy

By analysing a sample of 158 globular clusters belonging to the galaxy M 31 or Andromeda Nebula (AN) in the framework of a spherically symmetric model with constant circular velocity a value of 260 ± 40 kms^–1 for this quantity is obtained. It is also found that the number density of AN globulars roughly decreases as the cube of the distance to the centre with a cutoff radius of about 40 kpc. The implied AN mass within this cutoff is about 0.6 TM (1 TM = 10¹² M ). Bearing in mind the model limitations this mass is rather an upper limit. The present results suggest 1.5 as a probable value for the mass ratio of AN to the Milky Way unless their massive dark coronae are significantly different in size.The velocity distribution of AN globulars seems to be close to isotropic.     

Summer weather characteristics and periodicity observed over the period 1888–2013 in the region of Belgrade,Serbia

With the goal of finding summer climate patterns in the region of Belgrade (Serbia) over the period 1888–2013, different techniques of multivariate statistical analysis were used in order to analyze the simultaneous changes of a number of climatologic parameters. An increasing trend of the mean daily minimum temperature was detected. In the recent decades (1960–2013), this increase was much more pronounced. The number of days with the daily minimum temperature greater or equal to 20 °C also increased significantly. Precipitation had no statistically significant trend. Spectral analysis showed a repetitive nature of the climatologic parameters which had periods that roughly can be classified into three groups, with the durations of the following: (1) 6 to 7 years, (2) 10 to 18 years, and (3) 21, 31, and 41 years. The temperature variables mainly had one period of repetitiveness of 5 to 7 years. Among other variables, the correlations of regional fluctuations of the temperature and precipitation and atmospheric circulation indices were analyzed. The North Atlantic oscillation index had the same periodicity as that of the precipitation, and it was not correlated to the temperature variables. Atlantic multidecadal oscillation index correlated well to the summer mean daily minimum and summer mean temperatures. The underlying structure of the data was analyzed by principal component analysis, which detected the following four easily interpreted dimensions: More sunshine-Higher temperature, Precipitation, Extreme heats, and Changeable summer.     

Macroscopically‐Zoned Grandite from the Garnetite Skarn of Meka Presedla (Kopaonik Mountain,Serbia)

The macroscopically-zoned grandite from the garnetite skarn of Meka Presedla (Kopaonik Mountain, Serbia) was studied with optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT–IR), and Raman methods. The EMPA results indicate that the main core–rim compositional variations (Ca2.93–2.97Mn0.05–0.06Mg0.00–0.01Al1.14–1.26Fe3+0.72–0.83Ti0.00–0.02Si2.97–3.02O12) slightly differ along the zones, showing evidence for a quasi-cyclic alternation of the oscillatory zoning nature. Among this, considerable variation is observed only by the Al–Fe3+ substitutions in the octahedral site. The EMPA also indicate that the grandite zones compositionally vary, mostly within ±1 and ±2 mol% of the homogeneity level range, that is, Grs64±1Adr36±1Sps2 (A), Grs62±1Adr38±1Sps2 (B), Grs59±2Adr40±2Sps2 (C), Grs58±2Adr41±2Sps2 (D), and Grs58±1Adr41±1Sps2 (E). Therefore, the investigated garnet can be considered as relatively highly homogeneous. The majority of compositions lie within the narrow miscibility region of 0.58±2相似文献   

Dynamical evolution of the Hungaria asteroids

The Hungarias are a stable asteroid group orbiting between Mars and the main asteroid belt, with high inclinations (16–30°), low eccentricities (e < 0.18), and a narrow range of semi-major axes (1.78–2.06 AU). In order to explore the significance of thermally-induced Yarkovsky drift on the population, we conducted three orbital simulations of a 1000-particle grid in Hungaria a–e–i space. The three simulations included asteroid radii of 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 km, respectively, with run times of 200 Myr. The results show that mean motion resonances—martian ones in particular—play a significant role in the destabilization of asteroids in the region. We conclude that either the initial Hungaria population was enormous, or, more likely, Hungarias must be replenished through collisional or dynamical means. To test the latter possibility, we conducted three more simulations of the same radii, this time in nearby Mars-crossing space. We find that certain Mars crossers can be trapped in martian resonances, and by a combination of chaotic diffusion and the Yarkovsky effect, can be stabilized by them. Therefore, some Hungarias (around 5% of non-family members with absolute magnitudes H < 15.5 and 10% for H < 17) may represent previously transient Mars crossers that have been adopted in this manner.