基于CORS的分米级GNSS差分定位云服务研究

面向GNSS大众应用领域海量高精度位置服务需求,提出了一种基于CORS的分米级差分定位云服务建设方法,采用虚拟格网用户生成改正数的形式,通过设计解算服务器与业务服务器分离的云服务模式,解决了传统CORS服务中基准站数据安全风险大、用户并发访问数量受限的问题,并以API和SDK形式面向用户和开发者提供应用服务,降低了高精度位置服务专业技术门槛。同时,依托本文研究成果,基于湖南省位置服务平台（HNCORS）,设计并实现了基于CORS的分米级GNSS差分定位云服务架构,并以丢包率、外符合精度、高并发访问为指标进行测试。结果表明,本文设计的云服务架构具有较好的精度、稳定性和可靠性,在高精度位置服务应用中具有较好的应用前景,也可为其他省级CORS网的高精度位置服务云平台建设提供技术参考。     

基于背景噪声互相关技术的海底地震仪的时钟校正方法在西南印度洋脊的应用

Seismic monitoring using ocean bottom seismometers(OBS) is an efficient method for investigating earthquakes in mid-ocean ridge far away from land. Clock synchronization among the OBSs is difficult without direct communication because electromagnetic signals cannot propagate efficiently in water. Time correction can be estimated through global positioning system(GPS) synchronization if clock drift is linear before and after the deployment. However, some OBSs in the experiments at the southwest Indian ridge(SWIR) on the Chinese DY125-34 cruise had not been re-synchronized from GPS after recovery. So we attempted to estimate clock drift between each station pairs using time symmetry analysis(TSA) based on ambient noise cross-correlation. We tested the feasibility of the TSA method by analyzing daily noise cross-correlation functions(NCFs) that extract from the data of another OBS experiment on the Chinese DY125-40 cruise with known clock drift and the same deployment site. The results suggest that the NCFs' travel time of surface wave between any two stations are symmetrical and have an opposite growing direction with the date. The influence of different band-pass filters,different components and different normalized methods was discussed. The TSA method appeared to be optimal for the hydrophone data within the period band of 2–5 s in dozens of km-scale interstation distances. A significant clock drift of ~2 s was estimated between OBSs sets through linear regression during a 108-d deployment on the Chinese cruise DY125-34. Time correction of the OBS by the ambient noise cross-correlation was demonstrated as a practical approach with the appropriate parameters in case of no GPS re-synchronization.     

双层直立圆弧型防波堤上绕射波浪力的解析计算

基于微幅波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了双层直立圆弧型透空防波堤的波浪绕射解析解,从而将已有的比例边界有限元法拓展为解析算法,并据此对外层与内层防波堤所受波浪载荷进行了解析计算。计算结果表明:应用本文方法对直立透空圆环柱的绕射波浪载荷进行验证计算,所得结果与现有的解析解完全吻合,说明方法可靠。双层堤较单层堤能更有效地减弱波浪作用。波浪的入射角度和特征参数、防波堤张角与半径、防波堤透空系数以及水深等因素的相对变化对双层堤的波浪作用均存在一定影响。     

含采空区层状岩体微震信号传播规律试验研究

微震信号在层状岩体中传播规律的研究对于实现震源准确定位具有重要的现实意义。在天然岩体中,微震信号在岩层中传播的速度,不仅受其内部因素即岩石自身物理性质的影响,还受外部因素如地质结构面、断层及采空区等条件的影响。通过室内试验的方法对微震信号在不同岩层及采空区处的传播规律进行研究。结果表明：波速随着传播距离的增加而逐渐衰减,且岩层密度越大衰减越慢;穿过的结构面数量越多,微震信号传播速度衰减比例越大;能量的衰减与波速的衰减一致。采空区断面横截面积越大,微震信号通过的用时越长;采空区周围岩石密度、弹性模量等物理性质的数值越大,微震信号通过时衰减越少。边际谱分析结果表明：断层对频率高的微震信号阻碍作用更强。     

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1调控DNA损伤修复和细胞凋亡

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶1 (protein arginine methyltransferases 1, PRMT1)是PRMT家族中的重要一员,属于Ⅰ型PRMTs,细胞内超过85%的蛋白质精氨酸的甲基化由其催化。PRMT1通过调节底物的甲基化水平,从而调控蛋白的功能及蛋白参与的细胞活动和生理过程,包括细胞信号转导,DNA损伤修复,转录调控,RNA代谢,蛋白质相互作用等。本文着重讨论PRMT1的结构、底物及其在DNA损伤修复和细胞凋亡中的功能。     

广州市创新空间格局特征及影响因素

根据5 739条创新主体兴趣点(POI)数据,利用文献查阅、核密度、空间自相关等方法,厘清广州市创新空间的发展脉络、格局特征和集聚差异,并利用"城市人"理论和"四因说"探讨了创新空间发展的影响因素.结果表明:1)广州市创新空间经历了点—面—带的进程.2)广州创新空间形成"一主多节点"的空间格局,极化与扩散趋势并存.3)...     

东海盆地西湖凹陷油岩地球化学特征及原油成因来源

东海盆地西湖凹陷具有大量的原油资源,但对于原油成因讨论较少.采集西湖凹陷多个油样和岩样,利用气相色谱和傅里叶红外光谱等手段,全面分析了该区烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征,综合讨论了原油来源以及凝析油和高蜡轻质油的成因.研究结果表明,平湖组煤系源岩均处于热演化的成熟阶段,其中碳质泥岩和煤岩以陆源生物为主要生源,其干酪根类型为Ⅲ型,暗色泥岩则具有陆源生物和水生生物双重生源贡献,其干酪根类型Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,同时碳质泥岩和煤的生油潜力远高于泥岩.原油主要为凝析油和轻质油,凝析油具有低密度、低蜡等“六低一高”的特点,轻质油具有高蜡特质,而且轻烃组分有明显差异.生标参数显示大部分原油为腐殖型,少部分原油表现出具有腐殖和腐泥母质的特点,同时该区原油均处于中等成熟阶段.油油对比和油岩对比表明大部分油来自平湖组碳质泥岩和煤岩,具有典型Ⅲ型腐殖油的特征;少部分油来自暗色泥岩,具有Ⅱ-Ⅲ型油的特征(总体上仍偏腐殖型).凝析油和轻质油的物性及轻烃组分的差异与源岩母质无关.凝析油是干酪根在成熟演化阶段生成的原油遭受蒸发分馏作用的结果,高蜡轻质油除了是“蒸发分馏作用”的残余油外,还有部分是“混合作用”的结果.      

长江三角洲近46 a气温和降水的变化趋势

利用长江三角洲地区84个气象站观测数据,分析了长江三角洲1961—2006年气温和降水的时空变化趋势。结果表明,46 a间长江三角洲地区年平均气温上升趋势显著,冬季平均气温的增温幅度最大,春、秋次之。增温显著区域与城市带分布区域吻合。极端最低气温有明显上升,而年极端低温事件日数的下降趋势显著。部分地区的极端最高气温呈上升趋势,在城市密集带尤为突出。年降水量没有明显的变化趋势,但降水的季节分配有所变化,冬、夏季降水量呈现显著上升趋势,秋季降水量明显下降,春季没有明显变化。     

Impacts of environmental flow controls on the water table and groundwater chemistry in the Ejina Delta,northwestern China

The impacts of environmental flow controls on the water table and chemistry of groundwater in the Ejina Delta, an arid inland river basin in northwest China, were investigated with field observations in 2001 and 2009. The results indicate that the shallow groundwater level rose by 0–2 m in the upper reaches of the east tributary of the Heihe River and in the areas of Saihantaolai—Dalaikubu during the period of environmental flow controls. The chemical constituents of the groundwater show a distinct spatial heterogeneity with the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the groundwater increasing from the periphery towards the depocenter of the Ejina Basin. In addition, the rate of groundwater cycling in the south of the Ejina Delta increased, and the mineralization of groundwater declined, while the overall mineralization and salinity increased in the northern regions, especially in the depocenter of the Ejina Basin. Since shallow groundwater is important to the ecology of arid regions, and because understanding the changes in the shallow groundwater environment (groundwater level and hydrochemistry) in response to environmental flow controls is essential for the sustainable improvement of the ecological environment, the results of this paper can be used as a reference for watershed water resources planning and management to help maintain the health and proper function of rivers in arid regions.     

霍尔果斯背斜深井井身结构优化设计

霍尔果斯背斜受山前构造的影响,存在地质情况复杂、倾角大、多套压力体系并存以及泥岩含量高等问题,在钻进过程中复杂事故频发,严重制约了该地区油气勘探开发的进程。通过对完钻井的测井资料、地破实验数据、钻井复杂等资料的分析,确定必封点位置,形成适合霍尔果斯背斜深探井的四开井身结构,并针对安集海河组复杂事故率高的情况,采用高密度油基钻井液抑制泥岩水化,从而实现安全钻进。优化后的井身结构在霍尔果斯背斜深探井H11井进行了应用,首次实现了在安集海河组、紫泥泉子组两套压力系统下进行套打,历时5.5 d钻穿“死亡之海”安集海河组,未出现井漏现象,取得了良好的应用效果。优化后的井身结构在H11井的成功应用,不仅为该地区深探井的井身结构设计提供依据,也为该地区后续常规井的四开转三开井身结构提供了指导。