Co-integration analysis between GDP and meteorological catastrophic factors of Nanjing city based on the buffer operator

This paper analyzes the relationship between meteorological catastrophic factors and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate of Nanjing city (China). The sample spans the period 1980–2010, including GDP growth rate and meteorological catastrophic factors (extreme precipitation, extreme temperature and extreme wind speed). We utilize econometric methods to take co-integration analysis and Granger causality test among GDP growth rate and the time series of meteorological catastrophic factors of Nanjing city processed by buffer operators. Finally, the paper shows the short-term changes in minimum atmospheric pressure, extreme high temperature, and minimum relative humidity, which has a positive impact on GDP; the cumulative effect of extreme precipitation and GDP affects each other to some extent, they are mutually Granger causes. Moreover, at the 95 % confidence level, we believe that maximum wind speed is the Granger causation of GDP growth rate.     

The comprehensive risk evaluation on rainstorm and flood disaster losses in China mainland from 2004 to 2009: based on the triangular gray correlation theory

In this paper, we introduce the gray correlation method of risk evaluation in meteorological disaster losses based on historical disaster data in China (mainland) and apply the improved gray relational analysis model (the triangular gray relational model) to the risk evaluation of rainstorm and flood disaster losses. In addition, we divide the risk grade standards of rainstorm and flood disaster losses according to 186 rainstorm and flood disaster data of four optimization indexes (disaster area, suffered population, collapsed houses, and direct economic losses), evaluate the extent of dynamic rainstorm and flood disaster losses in 31 provinces of China (Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan exclusive) comprehensively, and draw China’s zoning map of rainstorm and flood disaster from 2004 to 2009. The method provides reasonable and effective references for national disaster preventions which can be used in other researches focused on risk evaluation of meteorological disaster losses.     

Risk assessment of the city water resources system based on Pansystems Observation-Control Model of Periphery

Study on risk assessment of water resources system is the key to ensure the water resources security and its sustainable utilization. Under the principles of sustainable utilization of water resources, with the thinking of the risk, the Pansystems Observation-Control Model of Periphery is applied to risk assessment of water resources system, and the model is based on the periphery theory and pansystems theory, with the observation-control risk analysis technology as the technical core. According to the synchronized analysis of the risk and gain of the five sustainable utilization schemes of water resources of Kiamusze in Heilongjiang, the best one for Kiamusze was confirmed and also opens a new way to research in the field of risk assessment of water resources system.     

基于居住适宜性的农村居民点空间重构类型识别——以陇中黄土丘陵区魏店镇为例

以陇中黄土丘陵区魏店镇为研究对象,基于村庄详细调查数据库,在农村居民点空间布局形态分析的基础上,构建乡村“基础生活圈”和布局适宜性评价指标体系,识别农村居民点空间重构类型并提出应对策略。结果表明：① 魏店镇农村居民点受自然禀赋和交通因素的影响,呈现出“集中为主、分散为辅、散中有聚”的空间布局特征,且景观分异明显;② 10和20 min生活圈内覆盖的居民点面积和数量差异较大,相对集聚状态下的居民点更容易获得公共服务设施;③ 农村居民点布局适宜程度较好,以中、高度适宜为主,二者斑块数量达到1742个,占到所有居民点总数的85.18%;④ 运用空间错位分析的二维组合矩阵将农村居民点“基础生活圈”和布局适宜性评价相叠加,重构为集聚提升型、引导发展型和搬迁扶持型。     

藏西南高原植被覆盖时空变化及其与气候因素和人类活动的关系

研究基于MODIS-NDVI数据和气象数据,利用趋势分析、相关分析及残差分析等方法,分析了2000―2020年藏西南高原植被NDVI在不同时段的时空变化特征及气候因素和人类活动对植被NDVI的影响,结果表明：近20 a来藏西南高原植被NDVI呈增加趋势,不同时段植被NDVI增长速率存在显著差异,主要表现为秋季>生长季>夏季>全年>春季>冬季;不同时段植被NDVI的分布格局虽存在差异,但高原东部植被覆盖度明显高于西部地区;高原大部分区域植被状态基本稳定,局部明显改善,部分区域有所退化;年际尺度上,气温和降水的增加导致植被NDVI升高,季节尺度上,春季、秋季和冬季气温升高导致植被NDVI升高,降水的增加导致植被NDVI下降,夏季和生长季气温升高导致植被NDVI下降,降水升高导致植被NDVI增加;人类活动对高原大部分区域呈正面影响,局部地区呈负面影响,集中分布在半农半牧和纯牧业县区。     

干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀特征及参数化研究进展

干旱半干旱地区是中国的农业后备战略基地,然而近年来该地区农田土壤风蚀现象严重,沙/尘释放量显著增大,威胁农业的可持续发展和生态系统平衡。目前绝大部分的天气和气候模式仅考虑了沙漠地表起沙,忽视退化农田的土壤风蚀起沙,导致起沙通量模拟存在很大的不确定性。对20世纪50年代以来干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀起沙特征及参数化做了详细的分析总结,回顾并梳理了干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀观测和数值模拟的研究脉络以及存在的问题,为提高农田起沙的模拟精度提供了有效参考,对中国干旱半干旱区农田土壤风蚀防治、土地荒漠化治理以及理解未来土地利用改变对大气污染的影响具有重要意义。     

土耳其埃斯基谢希尔铬铁矿矿床地质特征

土耳其埃斯基谢希尔(Eski爧ehir)铬铁矿位于土耳其安纳托利亚高原中西部基性-超基性杂岩体中,是典型的阿尔卑斯型铬铁矿。该地区是土耳其重要的铬铁矿成矿区。通过对该铬铁矿矿床特征的研究,总结了土耳其阿尔卑斯型铬铁矿床的矿床地质特征。土耳其埃斯基谢希尔铬铁矿产于以辉橄岩、方辉橄榄岩为主要岩相的基性-超基性杂岩体内,矿体与围岩界线清晰,矿体大多呈豆荚状、囊状、脉状、透镜体状。矿石主要为致密块状和稠密浸染状,主要矿石矿物为镁铬铁矿、铁镁铬铁矿,矿石品位富,铬铁比高,为富矿矿石。     

Late Mesozoic‐Cenozoic exhumation history of the Lesser Hinggan Mountains,NE China,revealed by fission track thermochronology

This study uses zircon and apatite fission‐track (FT) analyses to reveal the exhumation history of the granitoid samples collected from the Lesser Hinggan Mountains, northeast China. A southeast to northwest transect across the Lesser Hinggan Mountains yielded zircon FT ages between 89.8 ± 5.7 and 100.4 ± 8.6 Ma, and apatite FT ages between 50.6 ± 13.8 and 74.3 ± 4.5 Ma with mean track lengths between 11.7 ± 2.0 and 12.8 ± 1.7 µm. FT results and modelling identify three stages in sample cooling history spanning the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Stage one records rapid cooling from the closure temperature of zircon FT to the high temperature part of the apatite FT partial annealing zone (∼210–110 °C) during ca. 95 to 65 Ma. Stage two records a period of relative slow cooling (∼110–60 °C) taking place between ca. 65 and 20 Ma, suggesting that the granitoids had been exhumed to the depth of ∼1−2 km. Final stage cooling (60–20 °C) occurred since the Miocene at an accelerated rate bringing the sampled rocks to the Earth's surface. The maximum exhumation is more than 5 km under a steady‐state geothermal gradient of 35 °C/km. Integrated with the tectonic setting, this exhumation is possibly led by the Pacific Plate subduction combined with intracontinental orogeny associated with asthenospheric upwelling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新疆博格达—哈尔里克山晚新生代压扭性变形与隆起成山

压扭性走滑变形是陆内变形的最主要构造样式之一,并且是陆内造山系统得以形成的最基本构造样式。位于天山东部的博格达—哈尔里克山链,横亘在吐哈盆地和准噶尔盆地之间,是研究新生代山脉形成理想的野外实验室。本文结合压扭造山带的研究,通过野外地质填图、遥感解译和DEM分析,裂变径迹测试等研究,确认博格达—哈尔里克山与山脉隆起相关的断裂构造主要为北东东向和北西西向压扭性走滑断裂,认为它是晚新生代压扭造山带(transpressional orogen)。主要证据是:首先博格达—哈尔里克山与山脉隆起相关的构造变形为北东东70°走向和北西西290°走向,山脉两侧呈现向盆地方向的逆冲冲断构造,体现了近南北向为构造主压应力场特点;其次天池河床砂岩屑AFT分析出的年龄峰值集中在42.8 Ma(62.8%)、18.8 Ma(29.0%)、3.2 Ma(8.2%),表明样品所代表的流域地质体在42.8 Ma、18.8Ma、3.2 Ma经历了3次冷却事件。依据裂变径迹等年龄投影圈闭图显示博格达山裂变径迹年龄存在中间新,两边老的特点。基于相同的大地构造背景,压扭造山模式也可以解释整个天山晚新生代山脉强烈隆升。     

腾格里沙漠地区砂质管状物的发现及其地质意义

砂质管状物,浅褐色,管状,致密,硬脆,中空,内孔贯通。长度3.4～18.1cm,外径1.55～3.5cm,内径0.6～1.9 cm,壁厚1～11mm。随着长度由长到短,外径、内径及壁厚均逐渐变小。管内孔壁上时有白色微晶方解石薄膜,或有管孔被白色微晶方解石半堵塞。有的管子上有与主孔相通的小孔,小孔与管壁垂直、呈30°交角或近于相切。按砂粒粒度,管子分为粗砂型和细砂型两种,其中粗砂型管子暗色砂粒含量略多。砂粒成分主要为硅质,胶结物主要为微晶方解石,孔隙式胶结。说明在地表砂层之下存在弱承压碳酸盐型咸水,这种水的上涌、渗透作用及沙漠特有干旱、风力等条件,是其主要成因。显示古腾格里湖在干涸过程中,湖水经历了"碳酸盐型→硫酸盐型→氯化物型"的浓缩过程。如果在古代砂岩中发现相同或类似的管状物,可进一步推断,该砂岩形成环境为古沙漠、有在同一套地层中存在蒸发盐矿产的可能。