The Siberian High and climate change over middle to high latitude Asia

Summary The Siberian High is the most important atmospheric centre of action in Eurasia during the winter months. Here its variability and relationship with temperature and precipitation is investigated for the period 1922 to 2000. The pronounced weakening of the Siberian High during the last ∼ 20 years is its most remarkable feature. Mean temperature, averaged over middle to high latitude Asia (30° E–140° E, 30° N–70° N), is correlated with the Siberian High central intensity (SHCI) with correlation coefficient of − 0.58 (1922–1999), and for precipitation, the correlation coefficient is − 0.44 (1922–1998). Taking the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the SHCI, the Eurasian teleconnection pattern (EU), and the Southern Oscillation (SO) index into account, 72 percent of the variance in temperature can be explained for the period 1949–1997 (for precipitation the variance is 26 percent), with the AO alone explaining 30 percent of the variance, and the Siberian High contributing 24 percent. The precipitation variance explained by the Siberian High is only 9.8 percent of the total. Received January 2, 2001 Revised November 24, 2001     

冰雹云雷达识别方法及防雹作业经验

总结了辽宁省40余年人工防雹工作积累的成果和经验,归纳了3种类型冰雹云的雷达回波特征以及利用回波形态、回波参量和综合指标对其进行雷达识别的方法,并结合冰雹云数值模拟结果,总结了对具有液态水累积区的雹云、对超级单体冰雹云和对多单体冰雹云实施人工防雹作业的一些经验,对于各地的科学防雹作业具有参考作用。     

用于研究冰雪晶生长的小型垂直过冷云风洞系统

研制了一个新的小型垂直过冷云风洞及其测试系统,实现了风、温数据自动采集,风洞内含水量测量方便易行.实验测量了温度-5—-18℃、含水量0.5—3.0g/m~3范围内冰雪晶生长的习性、下落速度、线性尺度增长率等诸参数.     

Dynamic and Numerical Study of Waves in the Tibetan Plateau Vortex简

In terms of its dynamics, The Tibetan Plateau Vortex （TPV） is assumed to be a vortex in the botmdary layer forced by diabatic heating and friction. In order to analyze the basic characteristics of waves in the vortex, the governing equations for the vortex were established in column coordinates with the balance of gradient wind. Based on this, the type of mixed waves and their dispersion characteristics were deduced by solving the linear model. Two numerical simulations with triple-nested domains--one idealized large-eddy simulation and one of a TPV that took place on 14 August 2006---were also carried out. The aim of the simulations was to validate the mixed wave deduced from the governing equations. The high-resolution model output data were analyzed and the results showed that the tangential flow field of the TPV in the form of center heating was cyclonic and convergent in the lower levels and anticyclonic and divergent in the upper levels. The simulations also showed that the vorticity of the vortex is uneven and might have shear flow along the radial direction. The changing vorticity causes the formation and spreading of vortex Rossby （VR） waves, and divergence will cause changes to the n~otion of the excitation and evolution of inertial gravity （IG） waves. Therefore, the vortex may contain what we call mixed ：inertial gravity-vortex Rossby （IG-VR） waves. It is suggested that some strongly developed TPVs should be studied in the future, because of their effects on weather in downstream areas.     

硬质合金在牙轮钻头滑动轴承上的应用研究

在分析牙轮钻头轴承摩擦损机理的基础上，提出改进其轴承摩擦表面材料是提高其寿命的有效途径，通过对硬质合金的力学性能和摩擦性质的分析，论证了硬质合金可以用于齿轮钻头滑动轴承摩擦表面，并提出了硬质合金脆性的解决方法。     

从钻井测温曲线看地下水流方向及油气储藏条件——以川东南地区丁山1井为例

实测丁山1井测温曲线显示:温度向井底持续升高,井口温度25℃左右,井底温度107.5℃。温度曲线在1 000～3 000 m深度范围内出现"上凸"的扰动现象。现今平均地温梯度纵向上分段明显:三叠系及二叠系地层平均地温梯度为23.94℃/km;志留系和奥陶系地层平均地温梯度较大,为37.27℃/km;寒武系地层平均地温梯度较低,为16.65℃/100m。根据地温梯度分段性特征与地层热导率、地层岩性的相关性分析认为地下流体垂向上升运动造成了温度曲线扰动。进而推断出下奥陶统—中寒武统的地层具有较高的孔隙度和渗透率,而中奥陶统—志留系的地层则具有良好的封堵性,而这种上盖下储的地层组合,对油气成藏较为有利,反映了川东南地区下组合良好的油气储藏条件。     

An Effective Method for Free Vibration of Plate on Elastic Half Space

The vibration analysis of a plate on an elastic foundation is an important problem in engineering. It is the interaction of a plate with the three-dimensional half space and the plate is usually loaded from both the upper and lower surfaces. The contact pressure from the soil can not be predefined. According to Lambs solution for a single oscillating force acting on a point on the surface of an elastic half space, and the relevant approximation formulae, a relation between the local pressure and the deflection of the plate has been proposed. Based on this analysis, the reaction of the soil can be represented as the deformation of the plate. Therefore, the plate can be separated from the soil and only needs to be divided by a number of elements in the analysis. The following procedure is the same as the standard finite element method. This is a semi-analytical and semi-numerical method. It has been applied to the dynamic analysis of circular or rectangular plates on the elastic half space, at low or high frequency vibration, and on rigid, soft or flexible foundations. The results show that this method is versatile and highly accurate.     

华南泥盆纪海平面变化节律及圈层耦合关系

在加里东不整合面之上的华南纪盆系中,可识别出20个正层序和相对应的海平面变化旋回,其中下泥盆统9个,中泥盆统5.5个,上泥盆统5.5个。它们可归并为4个正层序组,最大海泛面分别位于sulcatus带(D_1~2),perbonus带(D_1~3),中、上varcus带(D_2~2)和gigas带(D_3~1)。对埃姆斯期和吉维期4个海平面变化的瞬间状态,进行了瞬时古地理再造。华南泥盆纪海平面变化节律可分为三类:自节律;全球性他节律、区域性他节律;耦合节律,它们分别发育于法门期;布拉格期、艾费尔期;洛赫科夫期、埃姆斯期、吉维期、弗拉斯期和法门期/弗拉斯期之交(F/F)事件期。处于相对干暖和宁静期的布拉格期和艾费尔期全球性他节律海平面变化的原因,难以用冰川和构造机制解释,可能与海洋盆地容积或地球体积的脉动膨缩有关。F/F事件期的耦合节律海平面变化是地内外因素、圈层协同行为和耦合效应的灵敏标志。     

Sedimentary characteristics of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and uranium deposits in Zhiluo-Diantou area,southern Ordos Basin

Diantou uranium deposits and multiple uranium mineralization sites have been discovered in the sandstones in the lower member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation in the southern Ordos Basin. However, the study on the sedimentary facies of the Zhiluo Formation, which restricts the prospecting work of sandstone-type uranium deposits. Based on the outcrop measurements and drilling core cataloging, and combined with the geological drilling data of petroleum, coal, and nuclear industry, we have elaborated the sedimentary characteristics of the Zhiluo Formation in the Fuxian area. We have also combined uranium source, structure, post-alteration and other factors to explore the relationship between sedimentary faces and uranium metallogenic conditions in the study area. The study found that in the lower member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the thickness of the sand body is 30-65 m and sand ratio is 0.6-0.75. It is gravel and sandy braided river deposit. In the upper member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation, the thickness of the sand body is 10-38 m, and the sand ratio is 0.15-0.45 and is a meandering river deposit. The study area is located at the center of the lake basin and sedimentary facies is coastal shallow lacustrine in the upper member of the Jurassic Zhiluo Formation. Sedimentary environment, sedimentary facies, the intersection of braided river channels, sand body thickness, sediment particle size and mudstone interlayer play an important role in controlling uranium mineralization. The exploration of uranium deposits in the northern part of the deposit should focus on the intersection or bifurcation of the braided river channel in the lower part of the Zhiluo Formation. The charcoal- and pyrite-bearing sandstone of channel bar can be used as a prospecting indicator for uranium mineralization.