Inverting reservoir parameters in a two-phase fractured medium with a niche genetic algorithm

In this paper we calculate a synthetic medium surface displacement response that is consistent with real measurement data by applying the least-square principle and a niche genetic algorithm to the parameters inversion problem of the wave equation in a two-phase medium. We propose a niche genetic multi-parameter (including porosity, solid phase density and fluid phase density) joint inversion algorithm based on a two-phase fractured medium in the BISQ model. We take the two-phase fractured medium of the BISQ model in a two-dimensional half space as an example, and carry out the numerical reservoir parameters inversion. Results show that this method is very convenient for solving the parameters inversion problem for the wave equation in a two-phase medium, and has the advantage of strong noise rejection. Relative to conventional genetic algorithms, the niche genetic algorithm based on a sharing function can not only significantly speed up the convergence, but also improve the inversion precision.     

湖南仙人岩与金矿床有关的二长岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及地质意义

仙人岩岩体位于湖南水口山矿田的南部。岩体内外接触带上均见有不同程度的金、铜、钼、锌等矿化,反映出岩体与成矿存在着内在联系。二长岩中锆石的LA-MC-ICP-MS年代学研究表明,其U-Pb加权平均年龄值为（156.09±0.46）Ma（MSWD=1.4）,显示为燕山早期侵位。锆石Lu-Hf同位素原位分析结果表明,¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.282 243～0.282 904,ε_Hf（t）值为-15.55～7.87,峰值在-10左右,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄（T_DM2）为703～2 188 Ma,峰值在1 800 Ma左右,指示岩浆为壳幔混合来源。结合岩体的地球化学特征,认为仙人岩岩体主要来源于中元古代基底的重熔,是在中晚侏罗世地壳拉张减薄构造背景下形成的。另外,对比分析了仙人岩岩体与水口山岩体的岩石地球化学特征,前者分异演化程度相对较弱,这可能是其不利于形成同类矿床的原因。     

Joint observation results of Na layer and ionosphere in Wuhan during the Total Solar Eclipse

During the total solar eclipse on July 22, 2009 in Wuhan, the joint observation test of Na layer and ionosphere was conducted by using the daytime observation atmospheric lidar and the GPS ionosphere detector. The results show that the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of Na layer density slightly narrowed during the total solar eclipse and broadened after the eclipse, while the height of Na peak slightly decreased in the eclipse and increased after the eclipse. These implying that Na layer changes reflect the rapid process of sunrise and sunset. The ionosphere total electron content (TEC) and the sky background light noise also presented an obvious fluctuation characteristic with the changes of solar irradiation during the process of total solar eclipse. The difference lies in that the changes of FWHM of Na layer atoms are much slower than that of ionosphere, the reason for this might be that the Na layer, after being disturbed by the total solar eclipse, will generate a series of complicated photochemical reactions and momentum transport processes, and then recombine the Na atoms. The Na atoms to be detected by the lidar need a lag process, which rightly conforms to the theoretical simulated results.     

Soil moisture estimation based on BeiDou B1 interference signal analysis

BeiDou Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (BDS-R) is an emerging area of BD (BeiDou) applications that uses multipath reflected signals in microwave remote sensing. Soil moisture estimation is one of the potential important applications of BDS-R. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of soil moisture estimation based on BD B1 band interference signals, which are composed of direct and reflected BD signals and can be readily captured using low-cost commercial BDS receivers. In this paper, a theoretical background for soil estimation from interference signals was introduced, and an analysis of field experimental data was conducted. First, a cosine model for the interference signal power was built, and a non-uniform power spectrum analysis was performed on the received interference signals to determine its main frequency. Then, a least squares curve fitting was applied on the interference signal power to extract its phase. The relationship between the soil moisture and the phase was then determined. Two months of experimental data were collected at BaoXie, Wuhan and analyzed for further inversion. Experimental results show that the phase of the interference signals increases with the increase of soil moisture. The correlation coefficient between the phase and the in-situ soil moisture value is approximately 0.8. Finally, the relationship between the phase and soil moisture is employed to estimate soil moisture. Results show that using BDS-R to measure soil moisture is feasible, which demonstrates a great potential of new application of the BD system.     

夏垫活动断层土壤氡地球化学特征

夏垫活动断层为首都圈重要的断层之一。本文用土壤中气氡测量法在齐心庄和东柳河屯区段进行了野外现场勘测,揭示了研究区土壤氡的地球化学异常,绘制出研究区的氡浓度等值线图,分析了该区段活动断层的上下盘、空间位置及断层走向,并探讨了研究区断裂带的规模及活动性。综合分析认为,断裂带规模较大和断层活动性较强的齐心庄处的夏垫活动断层应为今后地震监测的重点。     

干旱半干旱区气候变化研究综述

从干旱半干旱区气候的时空变化特征、陆气相互作用的观测试验以及气候变化的动力学机制等几个方面系统总结了近年来国内外干旱半干旱区气候变化的最新研究进展,指出目前干旱半干旱区气候变化研究以特定区域研究为主,缺乏对全球不同区域干旱半干旱区气候变化时空关联的系统性归纳研究,且野外观测试验持续时间较短,这在很大程度上限制了对干旱半干旱区气候变化机理的认识和陆面过程模式的发展。针对这些问题,从资料获取、资料分析及数值模拟3个方面提出未来干旱半干旱区气候变化研究的主要方向。     

东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布特征与油气勘探前景

在充分利用前人对东海陆架盆地中生代油气勘探成果的基础上,对最新处理的地震剖面和重磁反演剖面进行了精细解释和综合研究,结合海陆中生界对比结果认为:东海陆架盆地南部中生界分布广、厚度大,平均厚度可达6 000 m,而且具有“东厚西薄、南厚北薄”的特征。侏罗系主要分布在闽江和基隆凹陷,厚度分布稳定,w(TOC)平均值>1.0%;而白垩系在整个陆架盆地南部均有分布,具有向基隆凹陷加厚的趋势,w(TOC)平均值<1.0%。东海陆架盆地南部的基隆凹陷是下一步油气资源战略选区的首选目标,而台北低凸起很可能具有良好的油气远景。     

不同峰值加速度取值方法的比较研究

将新版《中国地震动参数区划图》直接给出经验系数确定不同地震动下的峰值加速度方法、地震动峰值加速度的烈度转换方法、极值Ⅱ型分布拟合方法进行比较;并基于地震安全性评价报告给出的京沪高铁沿线十一个城市的地震动峰值加速度值,将该三种方法转换得到的结果,与安评报告中的数值进行对比分析。分析结果对于抗震设计中地震动峰值加速度的取值具有参考意义。     

Equivalent mechanical models of sloshing fluid in arbitrary‐section aqueducts

This paper reports on a semi‐analytical/numerical method to model sloshing water in an arbitrarily shaped aqueduct. The water motion is assumed to be inviscid, compressible, and linear (small displacement). The transverse sloshing fluid in an aqueduct is equivalently simplified as a fixed rigid mass M₀ and a mass–spring system (M₁, K₁). According to a rule that the actual fluid (computed with finite element model) and its equivalent mechanical model have the same first sloshing frequency and acting effects on the aqueduct, the analytical solutions of the fixed (impulsive) mass M₀, sloshing (convective) massM₁, spring stiffness K₁, and their locations in the aqueduct body are acquired by the least squares (curve fitting) algorithm. Applying this equivalent principle, the equivalent mechanical models are respectively obtained for the sloshing water in rectangular, semicircular, U‐shaped, and trapezoid aqueducts. The equivalent principle and fluid models are validated through comparison investigations involving rectangular and U‐shaped aqueducts. The dynamic properties and seismic responses of the original and equivalent systems are simulated, compared, and discussed for a U‐shaped aqueduct bridge. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a simplified model of sloshing fluid for the seismic/wind‐resistant computation of the support structures of the aqueduct bridge. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analytical solutions for the steady-state seepage field in a finite seabed with a lined tunnel

Abstract

Analytical solutions for the steady-state seepage field in a finite seabed under homogeneous and isotropic conditions with a drained circular lined tunnel are developed. A numerical model is established using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to verify the solutions presented in this study, and strong agreement is found. A parameter analysis considering the seabed thickness, coefficient of permeability, tunnel burial depth and lining thickness is presented. The results indicate that the error induced by ignoring the thickness of the seabed cannot be neglected when the tunnel is close to the bottom of the seabed.