老挝波罗芬高原红土型铝土矿地质特征与成矿规律

老挝南部占巴塞省的波罗芬高原分布大面积的玄武岩。该区气候属热带季风型,炎热多雨、干湿交替。在这种湿热气候和地貌间隙性抬升、基地裂隙发育排水通畅的地质背景下,形成了丰富的红土型铝土矿资源。     

Web要素服务的优化方法

基于(Web)XML空间数据互操作规范的方式是目前实现Internet上空间信息共享和互操作的有效途径.Web要素服务是OGC提出的基于(Web)XML空间数据互操作规范中功能最为强大、应用前景最好的一种数据服务.Web要素服务通过GML传递空间数据,但是由于GML描述方式冗余度大,生成和传输GML的时间长,在现有的网络带宽下难以令用户满意.本文介绍从GML模式定义、数据压缩和客户端生成内存结构3个方面提出优化Web要素服务的方法.     

关于地理空间信息网格结构层次的设计与研究

地理空间信息网格结构层次设计是重要的基础性工作。目前较为流行的网格结构层次有五层沙漏结构和开放网格服务结构,都志辉等人从开发的角度又提出了一般的网格层次结构,以此为基础试设计并探讨地理空间信息网格的层次结构。     

A physically based spatiotemporal method of analyzing flood impacts on urban road networks

Natural Hazards - A landslide susceptibility map (LSM) is an imperative element in the planning of sustainable development practices and geo-environmental conservations in mountainous terrains. In...     

郑州地下水均衡试验场的改建工程——试验介质的选择与试验土柱建造

郑州地下水均衡试验场的改建,是中国地质环境监测院主持的国家地下水监测工程中地下水均衡试验场的改建项目之一。在均衡试验场的改建中试验土柱构建是一个核心问题,涉及到两个方面:试验介质的选择与试验筒装填。据河南省地质地貌特征,分为五地貌单元:黄河北冲积平原、黄河南冲积平原、淮河冲积平原、南阳盆地、豫西黄土丘陵。结合野外调查,概化出了五个地貌单元的岩性与不同岩层的叠置关系,并通过典型地段勘查对岩性及结构的代表性进行论证,以此确定五分区各类岩性的采样地点,为试验土柱构建奠定了地质基础。试验筒的总长达90 m,按设计要求将试验土样装入试验筒。制定小柱体模拟沉降试验,求得按设计要求装填土样之沉降系数,作为试验土样装填试验筒厚度的计算依据。试验土柱装填完成后,对其进行沉降观测,确认沉降趋稳且不影响试验土柱传感器安装时,试验柱才算构建完成。郑州地下水均衡试验场改建共建造25个试验柱,试验柱的高度分别包含1 m、2 m、3 m、5 m、7 m等五个不同高度,每个高度又包含黄河北冲积平原、黄河南冲积平原、淮河冲积平原、豫西黄土丘陵、南阳盆地等五个区域包气带。     

中天山卡瓦布拉克地区中-基性岩脉的年代学及岩石成因

中天山卡瓦布拉克地区侵入岩类广泛发育,并多处被中-基性岩脉穿插。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得闪长岩和辉长岩脉年龄分别为296.1±2.5 Ma(MSWD=1.4),299.5±2 Ma(MSWD=1.07),均侵位于早二叠世。岩石学和岩石地球化学分析结果表明该区中-基性岩脉具有富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(Rb,U,Th)、亏损高场强元素(Nb,Ta,Ti)的地球化学特征,SREE为69.19~234.62,LREE/HREE=3.97~11.18。闪长岩脉锆石(176Hf/177Hf)值为0.280 618~0.283 329,对应的εHf(t)值为-14.57^+25.06。研究数据表明,该区中-基性岩脉可能起源于亏损岩石圈地幔,原始岩浆在侵位过程中发生了分离结晶作用,同时还受到了地壳混染作用的影响。基于卡瓦布拉克地区中-基性岩脉的野外地质特征和地球化学分析结果,并结合区域地质资料,认为它们形成于南天山洋闭合之后的后碰撞伸展构造背景。     

苏北沿海三市三维地下水流数值模拟

20世纪80年代以来,苏北沿海三市（连云港、盐城和南通）地下水过量开采导致部分地区水位持续大幅下降,引发地面沉降、水质咸化等问题。本文基于研究区大量地质、水文地质资料,以及2005—2013年地下水开采和水位观测数据,经过模型识别、验证,建立了能刻画苏北沿海三市地下水流场演化的三维非均质各向异性地下水流数值模型,模拟了研究区2005—2013年开采量由约2.03亿m³逐渐减少到1.56亿m³条件下深部地下水系统流场（包括第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ承压含水层）的动态演化过程。结果表明,各观测孔的水位实测值与模拟值吻合良好,水位及水均衡模拟结果显示各含水层水位下降得到有效控制,但是该区域地下水仍处于超采状态。为进一步控制水位下降,防治咸水扩散、地面沉降等地质环境灾害,模型预测并比较了现状开采和限制开采2种不同开采方案下2014—2020年苏北沿海三市深层地下水流场的变化趋势。预报结果显示,2种开采方案下,各含水层水位下降速率均减小,尤其是限制开采方案下,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ承压含水层的区域水位平均下降速率依次为0.15、0.16和0.15 m/a,分别比模拟期减小了46.43%、65.21%和48.28%,在开采强度降至最低的条件下储存量变化速率仍为负值,说明需要进一步加强地下水限制开采的力度。     

Ore-controlling Regularities of Thrust-fold structures and features of Tectono-geochemical Anomalies at the Xiaozhuqing Exploration Area in the Huize Zn-Pb District

<正>1 Introduction The huize Zn-Pb ore district in Yunnan province is locatedinthecentralsouthernofthe Sichuan—Yunnan—GuizhouPb-ZnPoly-metallic Mineralization Area in the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block,and is strictly controlled by fault structures.It has developed to one of the famous production bases of leadzinc and germanium in China.     

Object-Oriented Island Land Cover Change Detection by Iteratively Reweighted Multivariate Statistical Analysis

ABSTRACT

In studies of changes in island geographic information, a key topic is island land cover change detection using multitemporal remote sensing images; such information can provide good reference for island exploitation, marine resource conservation, marine economic development, and national defense building. This study proposes a fast and easy-to-implement algorithm of object-oriented change detection based on iteratively reweighted multivariate statistical analysis with high-resolution remote sensing images and vector data, improving effects of normal multivariate alternative detection by combining object-oriented technology with probability density function of chi-square distribution. This method builds vectors in feature space with spectral, texture, and spatial structure information of objects segmented based on boundaries and categories of features in vector data. By feature optimization and iterative extension to multivariate statistical analysis for change detection, change regions can be extracted. Experiments on Zhaoshu Island area show that the proposed method is highly effective and accurate in detection of change regions.     

Assessing groundwater vulnerability and its inconsistency with groundwater quality,based on a modified DRASTIC model: a case study in Chaoyang District of Beijing City

Depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of the vadose zone media, and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer (DRASTIC) model based on a geographic information system (GIS) is the most widely adopted model for the evaluation of groundwater vulnerability. However, the model had its own disadvantages in various aspects. In this work, several methods and the technologies have been introduced to improve on the traditional model. The type of the aquifer was replaced by the thickness of the aquifer, and the index of topography was removed. The indexes of the exploitation of the groundwater and the type of land use that reflected the special vulnerability were added to the system. Furthermore, considering the wideness of the study area, the fixed weights in the DRASTIC model were not suitable. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and an entropy weight (Ew) method were introduced to calculate the weights of parameters. Then, the Spearman Rho correlation coefficients between IVI and the Nemerow synthetical pollution index (NI) of the groundwater quality were significantly improved, after the four steps of modification. The level differences with little gaps between Nemerow comprehensive pollution indexes and groundwater vulnerability occupied the proportion of the area from 75.68 to 84.04%, and finally, a single-parameter sensitivity analysis for the two models was used to compute the effective weights of these parameters. By comparison, the DRMSICEL model seems to perform better than the DRASTIC model in the study area. And the results show discrepancies between the vulnerability indices and groundwater quality as indicated by existence of vulnerable areas with bad water quality and vice versa.