阿图什市5.2级地震与于田6.2级地震前兆异常分析

利用阿克苏台网中心前兆观测数据,采用动态分析、形态法对新疆阿图什市Ms5.2地震和于田县Ms6.2地震进行系统分析.发现两次地震前,阿合奇台地倾斜资料、乌什台水管倾斜资料、伸缩仪资料、体应变及辅助测项钻孔水位和静水位数据、地电数据均出现明显的震前异常.其中水管仪、伸缩仪、体应变、地倾斜表现为打破年变,水管仪震前几天出现高频抖动、日变形态畸变;体应变辅助测项钻孔水位和静水位、地电震前表现为突变.     

前兆远程子台CDMA传输故障诊断及排除

本文简要介绍了CDMA传输技术及其在地震前兆远程子台的应用,之后以天津市地震局宝坻地震台的远程子台为实例,对地震前兆远程子台CDMA传输中的故障原因进行了研究,指出导致CDMA传输故障的原因主要有:仪器通讯部分故障、资费余额不足、路由器"假死"、路由器死机、路由器内部故障(特别是SIM卡接触不良)、CDMA信号强度不够、交换机故障、传输硬件连接断路等。在此基础上提出了一套行之有效的故障诊断流程,并对常见故障原因的判定和排除方法做了归纳整理。本文对使用CDMA传输方式或其他无线传输方式的地震前兆远程子台的维护管理人员有一定的参考意义。     

中原经济区“三化”协调发展水平的时空特征研究

基于2001-2010年中原经济区的主体河南省各地级市“三化”发展的数据,采用熵权法对中原经济区“三化”协调发展水平进行测度,进而分析其时序和空间特征.结果表明:从时间序列看,中原经济区的“三化”协调发展水平呈现提高趋势.从空间格局上看,“三化”协调发展水平空间分异明显,呈现出以中原城市群为主体的中部地区较高、南北地域略低的特征,且其与各个地域“三化”各自的发展水平的接近度密切相关.这就要求在制定政策的过程中,不能简单地根据地域性质和经济发展水平判断“三化”协调发展水平,更应注重探测“三化”各自发展水平的接近度.     

Driving forces analysis of reservoir wetland evolution in Beijing during 1984–2010

The reservoir wetland, which is the largest artificial wetland in Beijing, constitutes one of the important urban ecological infrastructures. Considering two elements of natural environment and socio-economy, this paper established the driving factor indexing system of Beijing reservoir wetland evolution. Natural environment driving factors include precipitation, temperature, entry water and groundwater depth; social economic driving factors include resident population, urbanization rate and per capita GDP. Using multi-temporal Landsat TM images from 1984 to 2010 in Beijing, the spatial extent and the distribution of Beijing reservoir wetlands were extracted, and the change of the wetland area about the three decade years were analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to explore for each of the three periods： from 1984 to 1998, from 1998 to 2004 and from 2004 to 2010. The results showed that the leading driving factors and their influences on reservoir wetland evolution were different for each period. During 1984-1998, two natural environment indices： average annual precipitation and entry water index were the major factors driving the increase in wetland area with the contribution rate of Logistic regression being 5.78 and 3.50, respectively, and caused the wetland growth from total area of 104.93 km 2 to 219.96 km 2 . From 1998 to 2004, as the impact of human activities intensified the main driving factors were the number of residents, groundwater depth and urbanization rate with the contribution rate of Logistic regression 9.41, 9.18, and 7.77, respectively, and caused the wetland shrinkage rapidly from the total area of 219.96 km 2 to 95.71 km 2 . During 2004-2010, reservoir wetland evolution was impacted by both natural and socio-economic factors, and the dominant driving factors were urbanization rate and precipitation with the contribution rate of 6.62 and 4.22, respectively, and caused the wetland total area growth slightly to 109.73 km 2 .     

A grid-based collaborative virtual geographic environment for the planning of silt dam systems

To improve the efficiency of planning and designing silt dam systems, this article employs theories and technologies of collaboration and distributed virtual geographic environments (VGEs) to construct a collaborative virtual geographic environment (CVGE) system. The CVGE system provides geographically distributed users with a shared virtual space and a collaborative platform to implement collaborative planning. Many difficulties have been found in integrating data resources and model procedures for the planning of silt dam systems because of their diversity in heterogeneous environments. Unlike most of the current distributed system applications, the proposed CVGE system not only supports multi-platform and multi-program-language interoperability in the dynamically changing network environment, but also shares programs, data and software in the collaborative environment. Based on creating a shared 3D space by virtual reality technology, agent and grid technologies were tightly coupled to develop the CVGE system. A grid-based multi-agent system service framework was designed to implement this new paradigm for the CVGE system, which efficiently integrates and shares geographically distributed resources as well as having the ability to build modelling procedures on different platforms. At the same time, mobile agent computing services were implemented to reduce the network load, process parallel tasks, enhance communication efficiency and adapt dynamically to the changing network environment. Using Java, JMF (Java Media Framework API), Globus Toolkits (GT) core, Voyager, C++, and the OpenGL development package, a prototype system was developed to support silt dam systems planning in the case study area, the Jiu-Yuan-Gou watershed of the Loess Plateau, China. Compared with the traditional workflow, the CVGE system can reduce the workload by between one third and a half.     

Extracting urban landmarks from geographical datasets using a random forests classifier

ABSTRACT

Urban landmarks are of significant importance to spatial cognition and route navigation. However, the current landmark extraction methods mainly focus on the visual salience of landmarks and are insufficient for obtaining high extraction accuracy when the size of the geographical dataset varies. This study introduces a random forests (RF) classifier combining with the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) in urban landmark extraction. Both GIS and social sensing data are employed to quantify the structural and cognitive salience of the examined urban features, which are available from basic spatial databases or mainstream web service application programming interfaces (APIs). The results show that the SMOTE-RF model performs well in urban landmark extraction, with the values of recall, precision, F-measure and AUC reaching 0.851, 0.831, 0.841 and 0.841, respectively. Additionally, this method is suitable for both large and small geographical datasets. The ranking of variable importance given by this model further indicates that certain cognitive measures – such as feature class, Weibo popularity and Bing popularity – can serve as crucial factors for determining a landmark. The optimal variable combination for landmark extraction is also acquired, which might provide support for eliminating the variable selection requirement in other landmark extraction methods.     

Flood evacuation simulations using cellular automata and multiagent systems -a human-environment relationship perspective

ABSTRACT

A flood evacuation represents a complex geographic phenomenon that includes comprehensive interactions among humans, the flood and urban environments; thus, the simulation of flood evacuations requires crowd simulation models to be coupled with flood models. This paper studies the human-environment relationship during flooding and promotes a simulation model that combines cellular automata and a multiagent system to simulate crowd evacuations in flood disasters. A case study of Niaodao Island was used to evaluate the performance of flood evacuation experiments, and real-participant experiments based on the virtual reality (VR) environment were employed for bench-mark comparisons. The integrated model can provide a comprehensive solution to assist flood risk analysis.     

The Impact of 9/11 on the Geography of Financial Services in New York: A Few Years Later

An economic census and a survey of seventy-nine firms revealed a changing geography of financial services after 11 September 2001. Although the suburbs benefited from the outward relocation of financial services from Manhattan immediately afterward, they lost considerably two years later, demonstrating the interdependence of the central city and its suburbs. Executives of financial services firms ranked highly locational attributes such as prestige, public transportation, and proximity to clients and other financial services before 11 September, but terrorism also emerged as a major locational factor after 11 September. The impact of terrorism and how it interacts with agglomeration economies, technological changes, and globalization to shape the geography of financial services is examined under the framework of quaternary place theory.     

柴达木盆地昆北油田路乐河组辫状三角洲沉积特征

柴达木盆地昆北油田路乐河组主要为砂砾岩、含砾砂岩、砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩构成的陆源碎屑岩组合,通过详细的岩心特征和区域地质分析,将其确定为辫状三角洲沉积,其微相包括(水下)分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、泛滥平原、分流间湾和前三角洲泥等,其中以(水下)分流河道沉积为主体。该辫状三角洲的纵向岩石组合序列反映为典型的退积型三角洲,即发育于可容纳空间与沉积物补给速率比值(A/S比值)逐渐增大的湖侵环境。沉积旋回早期发育辫状三角洲平原,旋回中后期发育辫状三角洲前缘和前三角洲。辫状三角洲整体呈自南西向北东的扇形展布,平面上发育两期分支物源体系,分别位于Q6和Q16井区。实验分析测试、试油等资料揭示辫状三角洲(水下)分流河道砂体储集性能较好,它的发育控制路乐河组油气的纵向与平面分布。     

地球化学块体法在滇中层控型铜矿资源评价中的应用

以滇中地区1∶20万水系沉积物区域化探扫面资料为基础,应用地球化学块体理论与方法,对研究区内Cu地球化学块体特征及层控型铜矿资源特征进行了系统分析。共圈出5个地球化学块体、10个面积相对较小的地球化学亚块体,并根据区域成矿地质背景划分为2个Cu地球化学分区。以1km矿床勘探深度为准则,计算各(亚)块体的铜金属供应量及铜矿产资源量,预测全区潜在铜矿资源总量为586.1万t。通过追踪地球化学块体谱系,揭示了元素在地球化学块体中逐步浓集成矿的轨迹,并结合区域控矿要素,确定了11个层控型铜矿成矿远景区,其中以3-1,3-2,10-1-1-1-1-1,10-1-1-2-1-1,10-1-1-2-1-2子块体的成矿潜力较大。