华南下寒武统Ni- Mo多金属层的厘定及其古海洋环境意义

华南下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部及其相当地层发育一层Ni-Mo多金属层,被当作华南下寒武统区域对比的标志层。然而,目前华南部分重要剖面的Ni-Mo多金属层位置依然没有明确,妨碍了基于精确地层对比的寒武纪早期海洋环境信息的揭示。本研究中,我们对云南梅树村剖面和贵州平引剖面地层进行采样,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)对样品微量元素含量进行分析,以确定这两条剖面的Ni-Mo多金属层位置。在此基础上,进一步对平引剖面牛蹄塘组底部样品进行Fe组分分析,结合前人数据,初步揭示华南下寒武统Ni-Mo多金属层沉积时期(～521 Ma)南华盆地海水的氧化还原信息。微量元素含量结果显示,梅树村剖面玉案山组底界之上3 m的地层(Ni:135×10^-6,Mo:583×10^-6)和平引剖面牛蹄塘组底界之上2.5 m的地层(Ni:2480×10^-6,Mo:16341×10^-6)记录了各自剖面的Ni、Mo、As、Tl等元素含量的峰值。因此,我们认为梅树村剖面Ni-Mo多金属层应位于该剖面玉案山组底界之上3 m层位,平引剖面Ni...     

冀西北蔚县盆地地热资源赋存特征及勘查开发方向

蔚县盆地属于断陷盆地型层状热储低温地热田。中元古界长城系—蓟县系为热储层,上地幔传导热为主要热源。盖层主要由第四系和侏罗系构成,寒武系—奥陶系也起到了盖层的作用。以阳原南山断层和蔚县南山断层为南、北边界的蔚县地块呈一总体倾向SE的单斜构造,蓟县系等地层埋藏深度由北西向南东逐渐加深。盆地北部山区岀露的长城系—蓟县系接受大气降水后,顺层向深部运移,运移过程中不断有沿破碎带、裂隙垂直下渗的相邻含水层水补给。蔚县南山断层阻断地下水继续向南运移的路径。经过深循环并被上地幔传导热加热后的地下水封闭或半封闭于长城系—蓟县系中形成层状热储。热储层埋藏深度较大的壶流河以南地区,特别是大型断层附近,以及松枝口—右所堡等张性大断层与阳原南山断层、蔚县南山断层等NE向阻水大断层的交汇部位,如三马坊、北洗冀、麦子疃东等地带,次级断裂构造较发育,岩石破碎,利于地热流体的存储和运移,应作为今后地热资源勘查和开发利用的重点区域。     

珠江流域降水干湿时空特征及气候因子影响研究

利用模糊C-均值聚类算法、皮尔逊相关和滑动相关分析等方法,对珠江流域做了气候一致性分析,在此基础上,研究了珠江流域不同分区年降水和干湿季降水变化的时空特征,分析了区域干湿变化与厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(ENSO)、北大西洋涛动(NAO)、印度洋偶极子(IOD)和太平洋10年涛动(PDO)等主要气候因子的遥相关关系,探讨了珠江流域干湿变化的气候成因。在此基础上,进一步研究上述气候指标对不同时间尺度干湿变化影响的平稳性与差异性。除此之外,还研究了气候指标的冷暖期对基于6个月SPI值的珠江流域干湿状态的影响。研究表明:(1)IOD、NAO和ENSO分别是导致珠江流域年降水、湿季降水和干季降水发生变化的主要影响因素,且对当年及下一年降水的影响是相反的。(2)珠江流域不同时间尺度的降水与对其有显著影响的气候指标(年降水与IOD,湿季降水与NAO,干季降水与ENSO),两者之间不同时期的滑动相关往往具有较强的相关性和前后相关一致性。(3)各气候指标对珠江流域不同时间尺度降水的影响在空间分布上不太均匀。(4)不同位相下气候指标对珠江流域干湿状态的影响存在较大差异。总体而言,当处于各气候指标暖期时珠江流域出现湿润期的概率较冷期时更大且在空间分布上更均匀。     

淄博地区上新世巴漏河组的发现及意义

上新世巴漏河组在淄博地区的发现填补了该地区上新统的空白。阐述了巴漏河组的空间展布特征及其对新构造运动的指示意义 ;综合运用沉积岩相分析、孢粉分析、岩石化学分析等方法对巴漏河组剖面进行了系统研究 ,分析了其成因及形成时代 ,重建了淄博地区上新世晚期的沉积、生态及气候等古地理环境。认为巴漏河组是在上新世晚期由河流搬运堆积形成 ,在其沉积过程中 ,淄博地区的植被由针阔混交林演替为以松为主的针叶林 ,气候由暖湿的暖温带气候向冷湿气候变迁 ,并呈现出进一步干冷化的趋势     

新发现的周口店晚更新世洞穴地层及哺乳动物群研究

本文依据新发现的晚更新世洞穴地层剖面，进行了年代学及哺乳动物化石方面的研究。年代学综合测定结果为距今１２～１．９万年，这是周口店地区迄今发现的最为完整的晚更新世洞穴地层剖面，根据堆积物中所含的哺乳动物化石特征，进行了生态、种类方面的研究，建立了一个新的哺乳动物群─—东岭子动物群。     

克什克腾世界地质公园青山花岗岩臼的特征及成因研究

内蒙古自治区克什克腾世界地质公园的花岗岩臼自发现以来,曾有过学者从冰川论（冰臼论）和风蚀论（壶穴论）的角度分别对其成因进行过研究。笔者等通过详细调查,将该地区的这种肚大口小、内壁具平行波状纹的花岗岩臼按其发育程度分为5类：萌芽型、初具外形型、发育中期型、成熟型和衰亡型。根据发育程度,结合岩石特征、构造条件、气候、地理位置等综合分析,认为该地区的花岗岩臼的形成经历了从萌芽→初具外形→发育中期→成熟→衰亡5个阶段,且北方高寒地区的花岗岩臼发育都受上述综合因素影响：花岗岩自身是一种易风化的岩石,在有水的条件下,特殊气候环境的差异风化作用促使花岗岩臼的萌芽,萌芽态的花岗岩臼在水、冻融作用、风蚀作用参与的差异风化下进一步发展,从初具外形到中期基本成型的岩臼,风蚀作用、冻融作用等物理风化是促使其进一步发展到完全成熟型的主要营力。     

Unusual N—Alkane Distributions in Extracts from Marine Carbonate Rocks at High Levels of Maturity and Overmaturity

N-alkanes in extracts from possible carbonate source rocks of the Lower Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the central gas field of the Shanganning Basin and the Upper Sinian Dengying Formation in the Weiyuan gas field of the Sichuan Basin, are characterized by bimodal distributions with the dominant carbon numbers in the range C₁₇-C₂₁ and C₂₅-C₂₉. In most samples, the lower carbon number components are present in greater abundance than the higher carbon number ones. Most samples contain significant concentrations of waxy hydrocarbons (C₂₂₊) with C_21-/C₂₂₊ ratios between 0.50 to 3. 16, and an average value of 1. 34. The n-alkanes in extracts of outcrops and shallow core samples of Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rocks in the western and southern parts of the North China Basin are of unimodal distributions dominated by n-alkanes maximizing in the C₂₅-C₂₉ range. These extracts have very high concentrations of waxy hydrocarbons with C_21-/C₂₂₊ ratios all < 1. 0, ranging from 0. 14 to 0. 90 and averaging 0. 36. All of the extracts have a marked odd/even predominance in the high molecular weight n-alkane range regardless of whether they are from shallow or deep cores or out-crop samples. Simulation experiments were performed using typical sapropelic-type kerogens from the immature Sinian Lower Xiamalin Formation carbonate-rich shales collected at Jixian, Hebei Province, North China Basin, and the contemporary microplanktonic blue-green algaeSpirulina subsala. Results indicate that the unusual distribution of n-alkanes in the extracts of Upper Proterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rocks possibly originated from algae in the source rocks at high levels of maturity and overmaturity. This research project was financially supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-111 ).     

Reservoir-induced hydrological alterations and environmental flow variation in the East River,the Pearl River basin,China

The East River basin is the major source of water supply for megacities in the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong. Intensifying development of water resources and reservoir-induced hydrological alterations negatively affect ecological hydrological requirements. In this study, hydrological alterations and environmental flow variation are determined. Results indicate that: (1) multi-day maxima have reduced, while multi-day minima have increased, due to hydrological regulations of water reservoirs; (2) hydrological regimes of the East River have also been severely affected by hydropower generation, leading to a greater frequency of high and low pulses of lesser duration, and these effects are increasingly evident from the upper to lower East River basin; (3) owning to the water being released rapidly for hydropower generation or flood protection, the number of hydrologic reversals have increased after reservoir operations, also with increasing rise and fall rate; and (4) the alteration of three different types of environmental flow components have been shown in the study, which can be used to support the determination of environmental flow requirements in the East River basin.     

Probabilistic forecasting of seasonal droughts in the Pearl River basin,China

Forecasting of droughts is essential for developing measures for mitigation of drought hazards and for reducing drought-induced loss. In this study, droughts were characterized by the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index with a time scale of 3 months. Copula-based probabilistic forecasting models were developed to predict drought occurrences. Results indicated higher probability of occurrence of seasonal droughts after the occurrence of more severe seasonal droughts, and extreme drought in winter tended to persist with higher probability till spring, whereas extreme drought in autumn might not probably last to winter. Furthermore, results indicated high probability of occurrence of droughts in southeast parts of the Pearl River basin during spring to winter. Thus, droughts in the Pearl River basin are subject to lengthening duration, particularly in the southeastern part of the basin. It should be noted here that the southeastern part is densely populated with a high degree of socioeconomic development. Thus, higher probability of droughts in the southeastern part should attract considerable concern. Higher drought risk was also identified in the western part of the basin. Results of this study provide a theoretical framework for water resources management and conservation of eco-environment in the Pearl River basin in a changing climate, and may serve as a reference for evaluation of drought risk in other regions of the world.     

施秉喀斯特地貌世界遗产价值研究

对施秉喀斯特演化环境、地貌类型及分布、地貌演化史、石灰岩与白云岩地貌差异等特征进行研究,试图提炼施秉喀斯特的世界遗产地貌价值。研究表明：施秉喀斯特具有热带―亚热带地区独特的喀斯特地貌演化环境;展示了热带―亚热带地区独特而典型的白云岩峰丛峡谷喀斯特地貌景观,从分水岭至峡谷区呈现了峰林洼地―峰林谷地―峰丛谷地―峰丛峡谷喀斯特地貌逆向回春演替规律,是白云岩峡谷喀斯特地貌形态及地貌演化的模式地;记录了古生代以来3次较大的碰撞运动,即早古生代的加里东运动,晚古生代的海西造山运动,及中、新生代以来的印支运动、燕山运动和喜马拉雅山运动。燕山运动是本区最强烈的造山运动,产生了区内众多褶皱和断裂构造,奠定了施秉地区的地貌构造轮廓。喜马拉雅山运动,尤其是第二、三幕运动,全面塑造了施秉喀斯特峡谷地貌;施秉白云岩喀斯特地貌展现出与石灰岩封闭型地貌不同的以开放型地貌为主的特征,在中国南方喀斯特系列自然遗产中有重要地位,具备地貌世界遗产价值。