北部湾海岸带植被覆盖时空动态特征及未来趋势

分析北部湾海岸带植被覆盖动态变化趋势,能为开展海岸带植被生态环境监测提供决策。以2000―2011年SPOT-VEGETATION逐旬NDVI数据为基础,采用MVC（最大值合成法）、标准差、线性趋势分析（SLOPE）和Hurst指数等数理统计方法对研究区植被覆盖时空变化特征及未来趋势进行定量分析。结果表明：1）研究区植被覆盖整体上处于变好的状态,在年尺度上呈现出“波动―明显改善”的趋势,且海岸带东岸与西岸的植被变化趋势快于丘陵地区;在季节尺度上NDVI的增长速率为：秋季＞夏季＞春季＞冬季;在月尺度上NDVI在6―11月植被生长迅速,而在1―4月则生长缓慢;2）NDVI均值的空间分布规律自东北―西南中心线呈现出“两头高、中心地带低”的趋势,且NDVI均值自西向东的变化规律为-0.026/1N°,具有经向地带性特点;3）NDVI的Hurst指数值为0.306 5~0.995 3,平均值为0.777 4,反持续性序列（15.78%）＜持续性序列（84.22%）,未来总体植被覆盖呈现出持续性改善趋势。未来需要重点进行保护的植被区域主要集中在十万大山的西南部、钦江流域的上游以及合浦县的西南部。     

内蒙古必鲁图湖盆晚更新世以来的地层与环境演变

研究晚更新世以来的环境演化是一个热门课题，具有重要的意义。本文对必鲁图湖盆区的地貌结构和地层特征进行了研究，划分出四级湖泊阶地，确定了晚更新世和全新世地层层序。在此基础之上，结合年代学、孢粉等资料恢复了必鲁图湖盆晚更新世以来的环境演变过程。     

General correlation analysis: a new algorithm and application

Correlation associations have been detected using Pearson’s r which aims to analyze linear correlation between two variables. It should be noted here that associations between hydro-meteorological variables are usually nonlinear. In this sense, the classical correlation analysis method cannot truly reflect the inherent associations between variables characterized by nonlinear associations. In this case, a new algorithm has been proposed by using the ideas of local correlation, detrended cross-correlation analysis and multifractals, and this novel algorithm is called as the general detrended correlation analysis. The newly-proposed algorithm was evaluated for the validity with numerically-generated time series and the real world hydrological series. The results indicate that the newly-proposed algorithm can well reflect the nonlinear and non stationary associations between two hydrological series when compared to the classical relation detection method such as the Pearson correlation analysis method, and it is particularly the case under the condition that hydrological abrupt changes of the hydrological processes occur where the classical association analysis is not appropriate.     

Flood frequency under the influence of trends in the Pearl River basin,China: changing patterns,causes and implications

Using a nonstationary flood frequency model, this study investigates the impact of trends on the estimation of flood frequencies and flood magnification factors. Analysis of annual peak streamflow data from 28 hydrological stations across the Pearl River basin, China, shows that: (1) northeast parts of the West and the North River basins are dominated by increasing annual peak streamflow, whereas decreasing trends of annual peak streamflow are prevailing in other regions of the Pearl River basin; (2) trends significantly impact the estimation of flood frequencies. The changing frequency of the same flood magnitude is related to the changing magnitude or significance/insignificance of trends, larger increasing frequency can be detected for stations with significant increasing trends of annual peak streamflow and vice versa, and smaller increasing magnitude for stations with not significant increasing annual peak streamflow, pointing to the critical impact of trends on estimation of flood frequencies; (3) larger‐than‐1 flood magnification factors are observed mainly in the northeast parts of the West River basin and in the North River basin, implying magnifying flood processes in these regions and a higher flood risk in comparison with design flood‐control standards; and (4) changes in hydrological extremes result from the integrated influence of human activities and climate change. Generally, magnifying flood regimes in the northeast Pearl River basin and in the North River basin are mainly the result of intensifying precipitation regime; smaller‐than‐1 flood magnification factors along the mainstream of the West River basin and also in the East River basin are the result of hydrological regulations of water reservoirs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冀西北宣化晚三叠世中期流纹斑岩的发现及其地质意义

冀西北宣化东部地区ZY1井揭露在中元古界下马岭组页岩中,夹有4层流纹斑岩（浅成侵入）,本文测得其LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为226.5±1.9 Ma,表明其侵入阶段为晚三叠世中期。本区流纹斑岩不含碱性铁镁矿物,应不属于碱性岩。本区发现的晚三叠世中期流纹斑岩,丰富了华北克拉通北缘中晚三叠世构造体制由碰撞后/造山后伸展向板内伸展转变过程中较少的非碱性岩类及其测年数据,对华北地块印支期活动历史的分析研究具有重要理论意义,对寻找矿产资源具有现实意义。     

矿山环境地质调查工作方法的探讨

依据前人所做的环境地质调查工作和河北省北掌煤炭勘探区环境地质调查工作实践,总结归纳了矿山环境地质调查的技术原则与技术方法,并提出了矿山环境地质评价标准,为矿山环境地质调查工作规范化提供借鉴。     

汶川地震最大垂直位移处同震滑移带特征及其高磁化率意义

本文根据映秀-北川地表破裂带最大垂直位移观测点(31°50'21.2"N,104°28'09.7"E)测量数据,结合同震滑移面特征、擦痕产状等,重新讨论了汶川地震地表破裂带展布特征、过程、最大同震位移值等基本参数。该观测点对应约7.0m的垂直位移,水平位移约为5.0m。同震断层滑移面上只发育一组侧伏向为SW、侧伏角约55°擦痕,说明汶川地震破裂在映秀-北川断裂北段主要经历了一次破裂过程。使用U形槽连续采集同震滑移带断层泥样品,在2G-760岩石磁学系统自动控制平台上利用Bartington MS2磁化率仪的环形探头,按每1cm间距采集数据。测试结果说明同震滑移带断层泥具有高磁化率特征,增强机制可能是由于地震滑移作用产生的高摩擦温度导致断层岩中高磁化率新矿物的形成所致。本研究对于鉴定断层岩经历摩擦生热作用提供了一种定量分析新尝试。     

Constraints on the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in deep-water realm in South China: Evidence from zircon CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb ages from the topmost Liuchapo Formation

The placement of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in deep-water realm in South China and the high-precision temporal framework for the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition in this region have not yet been completely solved. Recently, we have found two K-bentonite beds in the top of the Liuchapo Formation at the Pingyin section, Guizhou Province. It provides an opportunity for constructing the temporal framework of the transitional strata on the Yangtze Platform in South China and for determining the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in this area. In this study, we conducted high-precision CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb dating on zircons from the two K-bentonites. The ages of the two K-bentonites were precisely constrained at 536.40±0.47/1.1/1.2 Ma(2σ, n=7, MSWD=0.92) and 541.48±0.46/1.1/1.2 Ma(2σ, n=8, MSWD=1.3). Combining the geochronological results with organic carbon isotope data of chert in the topmost Liuchapo Formation from the section, we suggest that the EdiacaranCambrian boundary should be consistent with a significant negative organic carbon isotope excursion between the two Kbentonites. The scheme of the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in this study is of great significance for global correlation, and further for unravelling the information of the terminal Ediacaran-early Cambrian ocean.     

杭锦旗地区裂缝性漏失钻井堵漏技术研究与应用

杭锦旗区块在原生构造裂缝及工程诱导缝作用下,井漏问题突出,常规静止堵漏、桥接堵漏等效果差。基于“纤维架桥、填充驻留、胶结固化”原理,优选纤维及优化长度配比,漂珠、微硅和油井水泥进行粒径级配,调控固化体膨胀、稠化、韧性等性能,完成了堵漏浆开发;配套堵漏设计方法、过程控制措施等,形成适用于杭锦旗区块裂缝性井漏的堵漏工艺。现场应用232井次,一次堵漏成功率93.5%,显著提高了钻井效率,对其它地区裂缝性井漏具有参考意义。     

南沙海域中大陆坡沉积物中甾醇的地球化学研究

对南沙海域中大际坡柱沉积物中甾醇进行了分析,从中检出碳数为Ｃ２７－Ｃ３０的１１种甾醇生物标志化合物,它们的组成特征反映了沉积有机质主要来自浮游生物,陆源高等植物的贡献很少,不同沉积层段中甾醇的组成差异可能与生态环境有关,甾烷醇与甾烯醇比值随沉积深度而增加的趋势,指示了甾烯醇向甾烷醇的转化,这种转化可能是通过化学和生物化学的氢化作用实现的。