邢东地热水的化学特征、起源及利用

根据位于河北邢台东部太行山前大断裂东侧的金地热1号井的水质化验资料和测温资料,邢东地热水为镭、硅、氟、硫酸钙钠型高热复合矿水,具有较好的医疗价值,为核试验之前降水而成;地热温度随埋藏深度而自然增高（埋深2 900m时,井温89.9℃）,其地热类型属于盆地型中低温地热资源.     

河北省任丘市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

浅层地下水是任丘市重要的水资源之一,为研究其水化学特征及其形成机制,本文在实地调查取样分析化验的基础上,以水文地球化学理论为指导,借助多元数理统计的方法,从多个角度揭示了研究区浅层地下水的形成演化过程：① 通过离散分析,认为研究区各主要离子变异系数较大,说明研究区浅层地下水受人为影响明显,水化学特征复杂。 ② 通过相关分析,认为Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、以及SO2-4为研究区原始浅层地下水主要离子,而HCO-3与NO-3为外来离子且异源;③ 通过聚类分析,可将研究区浅层地下水分为A、B、C三类,其中A类处于Gibbs图中岩石风化端元,矿化度较低,为微咸水或淡水,含HCO-3和NO-3,受农业灌溉水影响;B类处于Gibbs图中岩石风化端元向蒸发浓缩端元过渡,矿化度居中,为微咸水,NO-3含量相对较高,受生活污水影响;C类地下水处于Gibbs图中蒸发浓缩端元,矿化度较高,以咸水为主,与地表水体连通性差,接近原始浅层地下水化学类型。④ 通过主成分分析,认为研究区原始地下水化学类型为SO2-4·Cl-—Na+型及SO2-4·Cl-—Na+·Ca2+型,受干旱环境下蒸发和海水入侵双重影响。     

Flood frequency under the influence of trends in the Pearl River basin,China: changing patterns,causes and implications

Using a nonstationary flood frequency model, this study investigates the impact of trends on the estimation of flood frequencies and flood magnification factors. Analysis of annual peak streamflow data from 28 hydrological stations across the Pearl River basin, China, shows that: (1) northeast parts of the West and the North River basins are dominated by increasing annual peak streamflow, whereas decreasing trends of annual peak streamflow are prevailing in other regions of the Pearl River basin; (2) trends significantly impact the estimation of flood frequencies. The changing frequency of the same flood magnitude is related to the changing magnitude or significance/insignificance of trends, larger increasing frequency can be detected for stations with significant increasing trends of annual peak streamflow and vice versa, and smaller increasing magnitude for stations with not significant increasing annual peak streamflow, pointing to the critical impact of trends on estimation of flood frequencies; (3) larger‐than‐1 flood magnification factors are observed mainly in the northeast parts of the West River basin and in the North River basin, implying magnifying flood processes in these regions and a higher flood risk in comparison with design flood‐control standards; and (4) changes in hydrological extremes result from the integrated influence of human activities and climate change. Generally, magnifying flood regimes in the northeast Pearl River basin and in the North River basin are mainly the result of intensifying precipitation regime; smaller‐than‐1 flood magnification factors along the mainstream of the West River basin and also in the East River basin are the result of hydrological regulations of water reservoirs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南沙海域中大陆坡沉积物中甾醇的地球化学研究

对南沙海域中大际坡柱沉积物中甾醇进行了分析,从中检出碳数为Ｃ２７－Ｃ３０的１１种甾醇生物标志化合物,它们的组成特征反映了沉积有机质主要来自浮游生物,陆源高等植物的贡献很少,不同沉积层段中甾醇的组成差异可能与生态环境有关,甾烷醇与甾烯醇比值随沉积深度而增加的趋势,指示了甾烯醇向甾烷醇的转化,这种转化可能是通过化学和生物化学的氢化作用实现的。     

杭锦旗地区裂缝性漏失钻井堵漏技术研究与应用

杭锦旗区块在原生构造裂缝及工程诱导缝作用下,井漏问题突出,常规静止堵漏、桥接堵漏等效果差。基于“纤维架桥、填充驻留、胶结固化”原理,优选纤维及优化长度配比,漂珠、微硅和油井水泥进行粒径级配,调控固化体膨胀、稠化、韧性等性能,完成了堵漏浆开发;配套堵漏设计方法、过程控制措施等,形成适用于杭锦旗区块裂缝性井漏的堵漏工艺。现场应用232井次,一次堵漏成功率93.5%,显著提高了钻井效率,对其它地区裂缝性井漏具有参考意义。     

Evaluation of risk of hydrological droughts by the trivariate Plackett copula in the East River basin (China)

East River, one of the major tributaries of Pearl River, is the major source of water supply for mega-cites within and in the vicinity of the Pearl River Delta, China. The availability and variability of water resources of the East River basin are therefore of practical importance. This study aims to investigate the probabilistic behavior of hydrological droughts in the East River basin using the trivariate Plackett copula. Daily streamflow data for the period of 1975–2009 from 3 hydrological stations in the East River basin are analyzed. Defining hydrological droughts by drought severity, duration, and minimum flow, secondary return periods are computed. Results show that the Plackett copula satisfactorily models bivariate and trivariate probability distributions of correlated drought variables. Results of risk evaluation show an increasing drought risk from the upper to the lower East River basin. This result is important for basin-scale water resources management in the East River basin.     

矿山环境地质调查工作方法的探讨

依据前人所做的环境地质调查工作和河北省北掌煤炭勘探区环境地质调查工作实践,总结归纳了矿山环境地质调查的技术原则与技术方法,并提出了矿山环境地质评价标准,为矿山环境地质调查工作规范化提供借鉴。     

密山地震台地电场干扰分析研究

针对密山地震台观测数据存在的类似尖脉冲干扰,通过3次对比测试及工频干扰测试获取的数据资料进行分析,确定干扰存在的客观性,初步确定干扰信号的基本分布状态,排除部分干扰源方位.     

北部湾海岸带植被覆盖时空动态特征及未来趋势

分析北部湾海岸带植被覆盖动态变化趋势,能为开展海岸带植被生态环境监测提供决策。以2000―2011年SPOT-VEGETATION逐旬NDVI数据为基础,采用MVC（最大值合成法）、标准差、线性趋势分析（SLOPE）和Hurst指数等数理统计方法对研究区植被覆盖时空变化特征及未来趋势进行定量分析。结果表明：1）研究区植被覆盖整体上处于变好的状态,在年尺度上呈现出“波动―明显改善”的趋势,且海岸带东岸与西岸的植被变化趋势快于丘陵地区;在季节尺度上NDVI的增长速率为：秋季＞夏季＞春季＞冬季;在月尺度上NDVI在6―11月植被生长迅速,而在1―4月则生长缓慢;2）NDVI均值的空间分布规律自东北―西南中心线呈现出“两头高、中心地带低”的趋势,且NDVI均值自西向东的变化规律为-0.026/1N°,具有经向地带性特点;3）NDVI的Hurst指数值为0.306 5~0.995 3,平均值为0.777 4,反持续性序列（15.78%）＜持续性序列（84.22%）,未来总体植被覆盖呈现出持续性改善趋势。未来需要重点进行保护的植被区域主要集中在十万大山的西南部、钦江流域的上游以及合浦县的西南部。