棉花生育期关键气象因子及单产丰歉评估指标

根据河南省棉花播种面积权重,选出安阳、新乡、商丘、周口和南阳5个代表站,利用棉花产量与棉花生育期间5个代表站旬平均光照、温度、降水的相关系数,确定7个关键气象因子,建立了其与产量的回归方程,提出了考虑7个关键气象因子综合影响的棉花单产丰歉评估指标。应用该评估指标对1980~2004年棉花单产的丰歉进行检验,与实况一致的达84%,产量与评估指标相关系数达0.71以上,相关极显著。     

郑州市冬季采暖期气候变化特征及节能潜力分析

利用郑州市1951—2007年日平均气温资料,按照国家采暖规范从气候角度上确定了符合郑州特点的采暖初终日,较规定的初、终日（11月15日至次年3月15日）有明显推迟和提前的趋势,并分析了采暖期长度及采暖期的气候变化特征,结果表明：进7．90年代特别是21世纪初采暖期明显缩短,平均较80年代缩短了14d左右。在此基础上研究了近57a来采暖期气候条件的变化,并通过构建采暖强度、采暖指数指标,讨论这种变化对能源消耗和环境保护的影响,从科学角度提出节能的可能性。     

Origin of the pre-tropical storm Debby (2006) African easterly wave-mesoscale convective system

The origins of the pre-Debby (2006) mesoscale convective system (MCS) and African easterly wave (AEW) and their precursors were traced back to the southwest Arabian Peninsula, Asir Mountains (AS), and Ethiopian Highlands (EH) in the vicinity of the ITCZ using satellite imagery, GFS analysis data and ARW model. The sources of the convective cloud clusters and vorticity perturbations were attributed to the cyclonic convergence of northeasterly Shamal wind and the Somali jet, especially when the Mediterranean High shifted toward east and the Indian Ocean high strengthened and its associated Somali jet penetrated farther to the north. The cyclonic vorticity perturbations were strengthened by the vorticity stretching associated with convective cloud clusters in the genesis region—southwest Arabian Peninsula. A conceptual model was proposed to explain the genesis of convective cloud clusters and cyclonic vorticity perturbations preceding the pre-Debby (2006) AEW–MCS system.     

“圣帕”、“碧利斯”影响湖南的对比分析

应用气象、水文加密观测和NECP再分析资料对两个严重影响湖南的热带气旋圣帕、碧利斯进行了对比分析.分析表明:"碧利斯"和"圣帕"影响期间,湖南降水在强度和范围上存在明显差异,"碧利斯"强降水主要位于低压环流的东南侧,在湘东南地区形成致洪暴雨,而"圣帕"降水范围大,湖南大部分地区出现大暴雨,强降水落区具有自东向西移动的特点,且强降水持续时间更长,强度更强.进一步分析发现,"碧利斯"、"圣帕"登陆后低压环流移动路径不同以及结构的差异,且与之相互作用的南海季风强度不同,导致它们在动力结构、水汽辐合强度分布和垂直运动等方面存在明显差异,而这些差异是造成它们不同的强降水分布特征的重要原因.     

我国短期气候动力预测模式系统的研究及试验

气候和气候异常对我国的国民经济发展具有重大影响,为提高短期气候预测的准确率,研究动力气候模式短期气候预测新技术至关重要.通过近5年的努力,建立了一套出月动力延伸预报模式,海气耦合的全球气候模式(AGCM+OGCM+海冰+高分辨率印度洋-太平洋海盆模式),区域气候模式季和年际尺度的业务动力模式组成的系统.初步把我国的短期气候预测水平由经验统计方法提高到定量和客观分析的水平上.在此基础上,已建成了一个具有物理基础的统计方法与气候动力模式相结合的综合气候预报系统.     

一次大暴雨过程的物理量诊断分析

本文利用2005年7月16日至18日的高空资料,对7月18日发生在广元的大暴雨天气过程进行了热力学和动力学诊断分析,结果表明:(1)在暴雨出现前,大气有一个能量聚集、湿层增厚的过程;(2)湿Q矢量辐合中心对应暴雨区,越接近强降水出现时间,诊断效果越好。     

A study of ozone in the Colorado mountains

The seasonal and diurnal variations of ozone mixing ratios have been observed at Niwot Ridge. Colorado. The ozone mixing ratios have been correlated with the NO _x (NO+NO₂) mixing ratios measured concurrently at the site. The seasonal and diurnal variations in O₃ can be reasonably well understood by considering photochemistry and transport. In the winter there is no apparent systematic diurnal variation in the O₃ mixing ratio because there is little diurnal change of transport and a slow photochemistry. In the summer, the O₃ levels at the site are suppressed at night due to the presence of a nocturnal inversion layer that isolated ozone near the surface, where it is destroyed. Ozone is observed to increase in the summer during the day. The increases in ozone correlate with increasing NO _x levels, as well as with the levels of other compounds of anthropogenic origin. We interpret this correlation as in-situ or in-transit photochemical production of ozone from these precursors that are transported to our site. The levels of ozone recorded approach 100 ppbv at NO _x mixing ratios of approximately 3 ppbv. Calculations made using a simple clean tropospheric chemical model are consistent with the NO _x -related trend observed for the daytime ozone mixing ratio. However, the chemistry, which does not include nonmethane hydrocarbon photochemistry, underestimates the observed O₃ production.     

XMCD at Fe L<Subscript>2,3</Subscript> edges,Fe and S K edges on Fe<Subscript>7</Subscript>S<Subscript>8</Subscript>

Pyrrhotite (Fe₇S₈) is a natural iron sulphide that can participate in rock magnetisation. Its electronic structure is not yet surely described. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at Fe L_2,3 edges on Fe₇S₈, coupled with multiplet calculations, shows that iron is present only as Fe²⁺ in this magnetic iron sulphide. It reveals a strong magnetic orbital moment. XMCD at Fe and S K edges shows the quite strong polarization of both Fe and S in Fe₇S₈.     

甘蒙北山—东疆天山元古代古陆壳特征及其早古生代地壳类型

本文研究了甘蒙北山及东疆天山早古生代地壳类型,划分为元古代的古陆壳、早古生代洋壳、拉张型过渡壳、汇聚型过渡壳。早古生代沿着库米什—卡瓦布拉克—星星峡—小黄山一线自震旦世晚期由东向西逐渐开裂,于晚寒武世至早奥陶世全面打开,形成库米什—小黄山洋盆。其北侧由塔里木古板块北缘分离出中天山微大陆。且末断裂带斜贯全区,起了控制东西两侧构造发展的转换断层作用。甘蒙北山较东疆天山的地壳类型更为复杂,先后发育有奥陶纪拉张型过渡壳—裂谷带和志留纪汇聚型过渡壳—沟弧盆体系。晚古生代全区构造演化进入开合交替时期,其开时形成拉张过渡壳,早古生代洋区在库鲁克塔格北缘哈孜布拉克塔格地区延续到泥盆—石炭纪。