Recent Progresses in Comparative Planetology——Summary of the Session of Comparative Planetology at the 3rd Conference of Earth System Sciences

Comparative planetology is an interdisciplinary science between Earth sciences and astronomy. It studies physical, chemical and dynamical properties of planets and satellites and their surface characteristics, interior structures and chemistry, magnetic field, climate and possible existence of life. Although the study of comparative planetary science is at its infancy stage in China, it is very encouraging to see that 25 papers were received by the session, which is much more than what we expected. It indicates that more and more scientists are interested in this research field. These papers can be classified into three categories: solar planets, extra-solar planets, and moon explorations. Scientists from both China and oversea reported their recent results.     

活性炭从硫脲浸出液中回收金的工艺研究

本文研究了在酸性硫脲浸出液中活性炭回收金的工艺过程,实验表明,在该浸出液中活性炭对金具有较高的吸附速度、吸附率和吸附容量并易于解吸,为工业应用提供了可靠的技术依据。     

煤造石油与煤成油理论关系研究进展综述

综述了煤造石油的研究进展。煤加氢液化研究结果表明挥发分、Ｈ与Ｃ比值、煤级、催化剂是影响煤炭液化的重要因素;对煤造石油与石油玩机成因说、煤造石油与煤一理论之间的联系进行了评述,现代含煤岩系煤成油研究得出的结论与煤造石油实践得出的结果近似一致,一些大油田分布带与大构造活动区带近于一致,由此使人们得出了类似于Ｆ－Ｔ法合成的石油无机成因理论。     

甘肃桦树沟(铁)铜矿床的成因机制

矿床地质地球化学特征研究结果表明，随着古陆边缘弧－槽－盆体系的发生与发展，元古代基底火山（沉积）岩系经深循环水（海水）－热系统的作用，成矿物质被浸出和搬运，并经海底喷溢作用沉淀于海盆洼地中形成桦树沟矿床含铜建造，后期变质作用使成矿物质活化、转移和富集。桦树沟矿床为喷气（流）沉积－变质改造型（铁）铜矿床。     

赣中变质岩带的Sm—Nd,Rb—Sr同位素年代研究

赣中变质岩带主要由斜长(云母)变粒岩、十字石榴云母片岩、云母石英片岩夹斜长角闪岩组成。斜长角闪岩Sm-Nd全岩等时线年龄为1113±19Ma,相当于该变质岩带的原岩形成年龄。ε_(Nd)(t)值为2.4±0.1,说明岩浆起源于亏损程度较低的地幔源区:726.6±1.1Ma、403.1±6.4Ma的Rb-Sr等时线年龄表明赣中地区在新元古代末期、加里东期经历了一次强烈的构造变质热作用,其地质、地球化学特征及时代可与浙闽地区陈蔡群、建瓯群进行对比。因此赣中变质岩带并非长期公认的华南加里东褶皱带,应是华夏地块的一部分,这一事实对华南大地构造单元的划分及构造演化具有重要意义。     

The effect of chemical composition and oxygen fugacity on the electrical conductivity of dry and hydrous garnet at high temperatures and pressures

The in situ electrical conductivity of hydrous garnet samples (Py₂₀Alm₇₆Grs₄–Py₇₃Alm₁₄Grs₁₃) was determined at pressures of 1.0–4.0 GPa and temperatures of 873–1273 K in the YJ-3000t apparatus using a Solartron-1260 impedance/gain-phase analyzer for various chemical compositions and oxygen fugacities. The oxygen fugacity was controlled by five solid-state oxygen buffers (Fe₂O₃ + Fe₃O₄, Ni + NiO, Fe + Fe₃O₄, Fe + FeO, and Mo + MoO₂). Experimental results indicate that within a frequency range from 10⁻² to 10⁶ Hz, electrical conductivity is strongly dependent on signal frequency. Electrical conductivity shows an Arrhenius increase with temperature. At 2.0 GPa, the electrical conductivity of anhydrous garnet single crystals with various chemical compositions (Py₂₀Alm₇₆Grs₄, Py₃₀Alm₆₇Grs₃, Py₅₆Alm₄₃Grs₁, and Py₇₃Alm₁₄Grs₁₃) decreases with increasing pyrope component (Py). With increasing oxygen fugacity, the electrical conductivity of dry Py₇₃Alm₁₄Grs₁₃ garnet single crystal shows an increase, whereas that of a hydrous sample with 465 ppm water shows a decrease, both following a power law (exponents of 0.061 and −0.071, respectively). With increasing pressure, the electrical conductivity of this hydrous garnet increases, along with the pre-exponential factors, and the activation energy and activation volume of hydrous samples are 0.7731 ± 0.0041 eV and −1.4 ± 0.15 cm³/mol, respectively. The results show that small hopping polarons ( \textFe_\textMg ^· ) \left( {{\text{Fe}}_{\text{Mg}}^{ \cdot } } \right) and protons ( \textH ^· {\text{H}}^{ \cdot } ) are the dominant conduction mechanisms for dry and wet garnet single crystals, respectively. Based on these results and the effective medium theory, we established the electrical conductivity of an eclogite model with different mineral contents at high temperatures and high pressures, thereby providing constraints on the inversion of field magnetotelluric sounding results in future studies.     

砂岩储层中原生孔隙的破坏与保存机制研究进展

埋藏条件下原生孔隙的破坏与保存机制是含油气盆地砂岩储层质量研究的一个核心领域,其在油气地质学研究中的意义不言而喻。与次生孔隙的形成与保存机制相比,影响原生孔隙破坏与保存的因素有着其特殊的复杂性和多样性。在总结国内外研究进展的基础上,试图深入理解不同成岩机制在砂岩储层原生孔隙破坏与保存中的意义和作用,包括破坏机制（如机械压实、胶结作用等）和保存机制（如地层超压、颗粒包膜、盐体侵位和烃类占位等）。目前难以实现砂岩储层质量钻前准确预测的一个困难在于无法明确原生孔隙演化的动力和过程,将来成岩作用、流体作用、沉积过程和盆地演化的更紧密结合可能是解决砂岩储层原生孔隙破坏与保存机制研究中最有希望的发展方向之一。     

Experimental research on expansion characteristics of Mengzi expansive soil with water,salt and acid immersion

Swelling tests of Mengzi remolded expansive soil inundated with different types of wetting fluids (distilled water, saline water and acidic water) were carried out using advanced consolidometer. Swelling characteristics of expansive soil under different initial conditions were studied. The dose–response model was used to fit the rules of swelling time interval for expansive soil with water immersion. The quantitative relationships between the swelling deformation and initial conditions (initial water content, initial dry density and overburden pressure) were attained using 3D regression analyses. The differences in deformation rules of expansive soil with water immersion in each region are bigger for the differences of genetic types, mineral compositions, chemical characteristics of soils and sample preparation techniques and instrument error. The expansion deformation rules of soil immersed in salt and acid solution are the same as the rules of soaked soil. The important indices obtained can be provided to the engineering design, construction and stability evaluation of expansive soil slopes.     

新疆库车盆地钾盐科探1井含盐系地球化学特征及找钾指示

在盐湖沉积演化过程中,钾盐矿物在盐类沉积的中晚期阶段才开始析出。因此,研究含盐系盐类的沉积地球化学特征,不仅可以从侧面获取岩盐的沉积物源和成盐古卤水蒸发浓缩程度等地球化学信息,而且更能揭示古盐湖钾盐富集趋势。文章通过对库车盆地钾盐科探1井钻取的岩芯样品进行高精度采样测试,得出岩盐中Mg×103/Cl、K×103/Cl、Li×103/Cl与K+、Mg2+、Li+、Ca2+、Cl-含量的垂向变化规律。并与库车盆地其他钻孔中的岩盐含钾性进行对比,同时,依据钻井剖面岩性特征,与潜江凹陷和大汶口凹陷含盐系剖面进行对比,论述研究区成盐的地球化学特征,对其钾盐成矿前景进行分析和评价。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块目的煤层含气性分析

为计算鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块煤层气资源量、甄选有利区带及确定先导性试验井组的部署,对全区探井的煤层含气性进行综合分析。结果显示:区块内煤层气含量为5.54~19.56m3/t;兰氏体积为13.59~33.78m3/t,兰氏压力为2.06~3.72MPa,含气饱和度为41.48%~92.19%;临储压力比为19.18%~84.28%。区块整体含气性显示较好,开发较为有利,其中以包括Y3、Y6等井在内的万宝山构造带为煤层气开发的最有利区带。