济宁市汶上泰山岩群张楼铁矿床特征及成因探讨

鲁西地区济宁汶上张楼铁矿床位于著名的汶上东平成矿带,广泛发育前寒武纪条带状铁建造( BIF),赋矿层位为泰山岩群山草峪组,岩性以黑云变粒岩为主,次为黑云角闪片岩,黑云斜长片麻岩、片岩,条带、条纹状磁铁石英岩,BIF与其形成均为新太古代晚期。矿床由4条矿带22个矿体组成,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出,矿石的矿石矿物主要为磁铁矿,其次为少量的赤铁矿、褐铁矿、黄铁矿等,常见矿石的结构主要为粒状变晶结构,次为鳞片粒状变晶结构。类型归属海相火山沉积变质铁矿床类型中的变质铁硅建造铁矿,即鞍山式铁矿。     

济阳坳陷沾化凹陷陡坡带始新统沙三段扇三角洲储层成岩作用与有利储层成因

15口井岩芯和众多储层实验资料研究表明,沾化凹陷北部陡坡带始新统沙河街组扇三角洲砂体由长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩等构成。在埋藏成岩演化过程中,该砂岩储层经历了多种成岩作用,现储层埋深1800~4000m,处于中成岩演化阶段,总体形成了中孔中渗储层(平均孔隙度为19.7%,平均渗透率为111.5×10-3μm2)。但在成岩演化过程中,溶蚀作用对于改善储层质量起到了重要作用,主要在2800~3300m深度段,有机酸对长石颗粒的溶蚀,形成的粒间和粒内孔隙不仅增加了孔隙度,而且提高了储层渗透率,改善了储层质量(孔隙度可达到30%,渗透率达到1000×10-3μm2)。可以看出,确定次生孔隙发育深度段有利于有利储层和油气富集层段预测。     

集合变分混合同化背景误差协方差流依赖性分析

通过单点观测试验的方法,对集合变分混合同化背景误差协方差的流依赖特征、流依赖性影响因子、产生原因,以及集合预报方法对流依赖性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:由于引入了集合信息,集合变分混合同化的分析增量与天气系统的分布有关,具有非均匀、各向异性的特征;这种流依赖特征对混合系数敏感,当集合协方差所占权重很小时,分析增量仍呈现出均匀、各向同性特征;混合同化背景误差协方差的流依赖特征不仅与集合样本有关,还与构造集合协方差的ETKF方法有关,只引入与环流形势密切相关的集合样本并不能使分析增量表现出显著的流依赖性,集合样本和ETKF方法共同作用才能将流依赖信息引入到混合协方差中,使分析增量出现流依赖特征;不同集合预报方法对混合协方差的流依赖特征有显著影响,考虑初值和物理过程的超级集合,以及在超级集合样本上再进行ETKF更新扰动后样本构造的混合协方差流依赖特征更加显著。     

三电平逆变器驱动的IPMSM模型预测电流控制系统研究

三电平逆变器拓扑结构简单、所用器件较少且每个功率管所承受的电压应力小,适用于高电压、大容量的场合.相比于传统两电平逆变器,三电平逆变器输出电平的数量从2变成3,输出的电压电流谐波含量低,波形正弦度更好.本文提出内置式永磁同步电机模型预测电流控制算法,以提高控制系统电流动态响应速度,并针对该算法在控制系统中产生的时间延迟,引入二阶延迟补偿策略.对以上内容建立系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明：三电平逆变器相比两电平逆变器输出电流波形谐波含量更小、电机的动态及稳态性能更好.     

GPS-RTK与网络RTK技术的差异及协同作业

随着北京城市化进程的加速,越来越多的规划监督项目远离了繁闹的市区,六环外、各郊区县项目的暴增给网络实时动态载波相位差分技术(Real Time Kinematic,RTK)的使用带来更多难题.由于偏远地区通信设施建设滞后导致网络不稳定,网络RTK初始化时间和收敛精度受到极大影响,需要采取有效技术手段进行解决、改善.分别阐述全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)GPS-RTK和网络RTK的原理及作业差异,对GPS-RTK的测量精度进行理论推导,并通过实验数据分析各项结果,最终结果表明,在通信网络不佳,小范围作业采用GPS-RTK进行放线,数据整体稳定性较网络RTK更好,可以满足相关规范要求.     

济南市中心城区地表热环境时空变化分析

针对目前众多学者主要针对夏季热环境进行研究,分析方法相对单一,且融合地理探测器等多种方法针对不同季节相关分析研究相对较少的问题,该文基于2017-2018年Landsat8遥感数据,反演济南市中心城区四季的地表温度,综合运用景观格局指数法和剖面法分析不同季节热环境空间分布变化;利用相关性分析方法和地理探测器模型针对地表遥感指标和热环境进行相关性和影响力研究.结果表明:济南市中心城区除冬季,地表温度分布东高西低,与 自然地表、工业生产、人口活动等区位要素关联密切;气温骤降与骤增导致温度斑块割裂、聚合;水体、水汽与建筑的交互作用对春、夏、秋季的城市热环境影响最大,水体与不透水面(交互因子:0.392 952)对冬季热环境交互影响最大;城市热环境的空间分异特征受多因子影响,其中植被与水体(交互因子:0.379 927)、植被与水汽(交互因子:0.380 707)协同降温效应最优,建筑与植被(交互因子:0.278 922)协同保温效应最优.     

声诱饵反鱼雷水声对抗发展现状及趋势

鱼雷作为水下最重要的进攻武器之一,可针对水下及水面目标发起非对称隐蔽攻击。随着近几十年电子技术的发展,鱼雷更加智能化,杀伤力更大。因此反鱼雷任务成为现代海战中一项重要的课题。主要介绍了国外近年装备的鱼雷型号,并对国外鱼雷对抗用声诱饵作了介绍,最后对声诱饵的未来发展趋势做了展望,为今后我国发展声诱饵技术提供参考。     

Methane biotransformation in the ocean and its effects on climate change: A review

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas. Continental margins contain large reservoirs of methane as solid gas hydrate and the dissolved and gaseous forms of methane. Submarine methane seeps along the global continental margins, including the coastal seas, have been estimated to contribute 0.01 to 0.05 Gt of carbon to the atmosphere annually, accounting for between 1% and 5% of the global methane emissions to the atmosphere. Much of this methane is exhausted via microbial anaerobic methane oxidation. Methane biotransformation in the ocean has effects on global climate change. This review mainly introduces the mechanisms of methanogenesis and methane oxidation and describes new findings that will provide information that will improve the understanding of the balance in terms of the generation, migration and consumption of methane in marine environments. Moreover, this review provides new insights into methane biogeochemical cycles and the effects of marine methane budgets on global climate.     

Exploring the urban-rural development differences and influencing factors in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China

Uneven urban and rural development is one of the main reasons for the decline of the countryside. This imbalance could be measured by the urban-rural difference index(URDI). Existing studies on urban-rural differences have focused on single dimension between urban and rural areas, and lack a systematic multi-dimensional measurement. Based on the construction of an index system and model for measuring urban-rural differences, this study took the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain(HHHP) as the study area, explores the spatial pattern of urban-rural differences in the area, and used geographical weighted regression models to identify the factors affecting urban-rural development differences. Results show that the mean value of URDI in the HHHP was 0.295, and the URDI in its western region was higher than that in the east. The average URDI was relatively high in the western counties along the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway. The low level of urban-rural "population-land-industry" development in the HHHP is an important reason for the small differences between urban and rural areas. Improvements in road transportation infrastructure have led to an increase in the urban-rural development gap. However, the driving force of the road network on urban development is greater than that on rural areas. The role of county economic agglomeration is gaining strength. In the process of rapid economic development, more attention should be paid to the development of the rural economy and the overall revitalization of the countryside. The equivalent allocation of social service facilities is an effective way to solve the problem of urban-rural imbalance. Further analysis demonstrated that terrain factors have relatively little influence on the URDI. This study provides a new perspective and measurement method for understanding the integration of urban and rural development, and provides a useful reference for guiding the urban-rural integration development and the rural revitalization.     

Riverine export of water,sediment and carbon during flood events in the arid to semi-arid Wuding River on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Floods have become increasingly important in fluvial export of water, sediment and carbon (C). Using high-frequency sampling, the export of water, sediment and C was examined in the Wuding River catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau. With groundwater as an important contributor to runoff all year round, floods were relatively less important in the export of water. However, large floods were disproportionately important in exporting sediment and inorganic C (DIC) and organic C (DOC and POC). The three largest floods in each year transported 53.6–97.3 and 41.4–77% of the annual sediment and C fluxes, respectively. An extreme flood in 2017 alone contributed 94.6 and 73.1% of the annual sediment and C fluxes, respectively, in just 7 days, which included 20.3, 92.1 and 35.7% of the annual DOC, POC and DIC fluxes, respectively. A stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) analysis of POC indicated that modern soils and C3 plants were its primary source. Furthermore, floods greatly accelerated CO₂ degassing due to elevated gas transfer velocity, although stream water CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) exhibited a decreasing trend with flow discharge. Although these results illustrated that increasing runoff diluted pCO₂, the timing and magnitude of floods were found to be critical in determining the response of pCO₂ to flow dynamics. Low-magnitude floods in the early wet season increased pCO₂ because of enhanced organic matter input, while subsequent large floods caused a lower pCO₂ due to greatly reduced organic matter supply. Finally, continuous monitoring of a complete flood event showed that the CO₂ efflux during the flood (2348 ± 664 mg C m^–2 day^–1) was three times that under low-flow conditions (808 ± 98 mg C m^–2 day^–1). Our study suggests that infrequent, heavy storm events, which are predicted to increase under climate change, will greatly alter the transport regimes of sediment and C. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.