Patterns of Gene Expression Variation across Body Parts of the Hydrothermal Vent Shrimp Nautilocaris saintlaurentae

Ocean Science Journal - Since deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been targeted for mining mineral resources, concerns about the potential impacts of mining on vent ecosystems have gradually...     

基于众包的古琴名人时空信息采集与移动轨迹时空分析

古琴是中华民族的古老乐器,知名的古琴名人流传至今,但是由于古代历史书籍匮乏、记录不完整性以及古今地名歧义性等原因,导致无法收集完整的古琴名人移动轨迹数据。本文基于众包思想,构建基于WebGIS的古琴名人时空信息采集系统,着重解决古琴名人轨迹数据库和知识数据库的构建。基于众包数据,古琴名人时空信息采集系统对古琴名人轨迹进行可视化查询,动态展示古琴名人的二维与三维轨迹,并结合古琴知识图谱,实现古琴名人相关信息的智能化查询。古琴名人轨迹点时空核密度分析结果显示古琴名人移动轨迹与中国历史人口迁移趋势一致,且古琴名人倾向于停留在具有浓厚文化气息的历史名城与山水之地,从而有利于古琴文化的传承与发展。本文所采用的方法不仅可用于古琴名人,同样适用于其他历史名人或移动物体的轨迹采集。     

Modelling spatial variation in the treatment costs of nonpoint source pollution in mountainous regions of southwest China

Non-point source(NPS) pollution is considered to be one of the main threats of the aquatic environment. Mountainous regions are particularly important water sources for urban areas. The various driving factors of NPS pollution such as terrain, precipitation, and vegetation type in mountainous regions show clear spatial heterogeneity. Consequently, the management systems required for NPS pollution in mountainous regions are complex. In this study, we developed a framework to estimate and map the treatment costs for NPS pollution in mountainous regions and applied this method in Baoxing County, a typical mountainous county in Sichuan Province of southwest China. The export levels of total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) in Baoxing County were estimated using the water purification model in InVEST(Itegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) tool. NPS pollutant treatment costs were calculated based on the level of pollutants exports, water yield, water quality targets, and treatment costs of NPS pollutants per unit mass. The results show that at the watershed level the amounts of TN and TP exported in Baoxing County were below threshold limits. However, at the sub-watershed level, TN and TP excesses of 291.64 and 2.96 tons per year were found, respectively, with mean TN and TP treatment costs of 6.58 US$/hm~2 and 0.35 US$/hm~2. Appraising pollution treatment cost intuitively reflects the overall expenditure in NPS pollution reduction from an economic perspective. This study provides a foundation for the implementation of Payment for Ecosystem Service(PES) and the prevention and control of NPS pollution.     

Research on Receiver Anti-RFI of Delingha 13.7 m Telescope

In astronomical observations, the radio frequency interference (RFI) will cause pseudo spectra and reduce the reliability and validity of observational data. The RFI mitigation, which includes many technical innovations of devices and the method studies of data processing, aims at reducing the influence of RFI on the radio astronomical observation. Various efforts were made to improve the anti-RFI capability of the multi-beam receiver (Superconducting Spectroscopic Array Receiver, SSAR) of the Delingha 13.7 m telescope. The interference transmission path was analyzed. The concepts of the device RFI direct coupling coefficient and the device RFI system coupling coefficient were proposed. The proportions of interference introduced in the receiver system by the different devices were quantified, and the interference-susceptible devices in the system were located. After the anti-RFI treatment of the interference-susceptible devices, the anti-RFI capability of the receiver system is improved by 30 dB in average, and the astronomical observation efficiency of the telescope is increased by more than 10%.     

台风“莫兰蒂”登陆前后微物理特征研究

基于厦门市2016年9月14—15日S波段双偏振雷达资料,研究了2016年第14号台风“莫兰蒂”登陆前后降水特征以及它们的差异。结果表明：台风“莫兰蒂”登陆过程经历了登陆前缓慢减弱、登陆后快速减弱、登陆后缓慢减弱3个阶段。登陆前,台风螺旋雨带中对流旺盛,发展高度高,冷云过程较强,0℃层以上存在大量的冰晶。0℃层以下,粒子破碎比较严重,降水以小滴为主。登陆后快速减弱阶段,受地形影响,台风内区发展高度升高。登陆后快速减弱阶段,螺旋雨带发展高度降低,0℃层上冰相粒子数量减少,0℃层以下,粒子之间的碰并增长和蒸发过程明显,降水以中小雨滴为主,暖云过程占主导。     

Freshening of the intermediate water of the South China Sea between the 1960s and the 1980s

Variation in intermediate water salinity in the South China Sea (SCS) between the 1960s and 1980s was studied using historical hydrographic data. The results demonstrate that the water was significantly fresher in the 1980s than in the 1960s, indicating that vertical mixing at intermediate water depth was reduced in the 1980s. This was partially because of the change of the SCS meridional overturning circulation (MOC) connecting local intermediate water with deep water. Data assimilation showed a 0.5Sv (1 Sv=10 6m 3/s) reduction in the strength of the MOC, which is about one third of the mean SCS MOC. Because the SCS MOC is linked to the Pacific Ocean, such an interdecadal variation in the intermediate water SCS may reflect anthropogenic climate change in the world ocean.     

新疆和田绿洲夜间灯光数据的时空分布特征及演变趋势

DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据在城市化发展研究中起着重要作用。基于5年（1992、1997、2002、2007、2012年）的稳定夜间灯光数据,从时空角度分析绿洲区域夜间灯光数据的变化特征,揭示其演变规律,探讨绿洲城市发展趋势。结果表明：（1）时间序列的夜间灯光数据表现出分散向规则分布转变的趋势。尤其是2007年的核心区域灯光达到饱和状态（值为63）,外部边缘区域增长明显,反映出绿洲城市中心可利用空间的有限性导致城市边缘区向外扩展的范围增加和速度加快的现象。（2）夜间灯光数据在空间上呈现出单核心点状向以道路为中心的带状发展趋势,这与绿洲城市发展建设过程相一致。（3）借助非确定型决策分析方法预测2027年绿洲地区发展趋势,结果显示2027年乐观估计整个区域夜间灯光数据比2012年增加0.3倍,城镇区域将扩大约0.6倍,悲观估计整个区域夜间灯光数据增加近2倍,城镇区域将扩大约3倍。从而可以推断社会经济发展将对绿洲环境有较大的影响,在未来15年内绿洲发展应注重环境承载力与人类社会经济发展的协调性问题。     

莆炎高速公路文笔山2~#隧道岩爆综合预测研究

岩爆预测一直是地下工程世界性难题之一。以莆炎高速公路文笔山2#隧道岩爆预测为例,从研究区围岩的岩体特征和初始应力场着手,通过室内岩石力学试验和现场波速测试,获得隧道围岩的物理力学特性和完整性;采用水压致裂法实测研究区地应力的大小和方向,通过线性回归函数拟合分析了隧道洞身初始应力场分布规律,采用Kirsh概化模型计算分析了开挖后围岩重分布应力场分布规律。在此基础上结合国内外岩爆判别准则对文笔山2#隧道岩爆发生段落、部位和岩爆等级进行综合预测分析,为施工开挖和支护方案的制定提供依据。     

提高岩溶地区岩土工程勘察质量的探讨

勘察是设计和施工的基础。岩溶地区地质条件复杂,在该地区进行工程勘察的难点在于查明岩溶形态的分布。岩溶地区岩土工程勘察质量主要取决于勘察技术人员的水平、现场工作的质量、勘察手段的有效性和验槽的责任心。