1668年郯城8 1/2 级地震构造应力场分析

1668年郯城8 1/2 级地震,发震断层南起郯城窑上北到莒县土岭,全长为130 km,由5条北北东走向的活断层段组成。郯城地震断层南段沿沂沭断裂带内的F₂断裂分布,倾向南东东,倾角为30°～60°。北段紧邻F₁断裂分布,倾向不稳定,倾角较陡(多为70°以上)。南段表现为右行逆冲或逆右行的运动性质,北段则以右行走滑为主。郯城地震断层南、北两段均发育断层泥带、断层角砾带和碎裂带,南段总宽度为几米到十几米,北段总宽度为几十米到近百米,局部发育多条断层泥带。郯城地震断层的排列方式及其几何学特征表明:为老断层复活,而非新生断层。通过断层擦痕的反演同震应力场显示:北段为北东东-南西西向挤压应力场,南段为北东-南西向的挤压应力场,该地震是发生在区域性挤压应力场状态下。这种应力场空间变化可能是地震断层几何学空间变化导致的。其同震应力场与该地区现代区域应力场是一致的,这说明郯城地震并未造成震后应力场调整或震后应力场调整时间较短,未影响到现今应力场。     

Geology and Genesis of the Mafic—Ultramafic Complexes in the Huangshan—Jingerquan（HJ） Belt,East Xinjiang

More than twenty mafic-ultramafic complexes, which host several mediumor large-sized Cu−Ni deposits, occur along the Huangshan-Jingerquan (HJ) belt in East Xinjiang. Rock types in these complexes are predominated by peridotite, pyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, gabbronorite, orthopyroxene gabbro, troctolite, gabbro and diorite. The ultramafic rocks are relatively Fe-enriched and are characterized by an assemblage of olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+hornblende±plagioclase without obvious metamorphic textures. Chemically, these complexes are relatively Fe-enriched and show a tholeiitic trend of evolution. The complexes in this belt are intruded under the extensional environment in a Mid-Carboniferous back-arc basin. They can be considered as a new type of mafic-ultramafic complexes in orogenic belts, as designated by the name of the East-Xinjiang-type complexes. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Isotopic constraints on the Easter Seamount Chain source

New isotopic data (Sr, Nd and Pb) for lavas from Easter and Salas y Gomez Islands, and nine seamounts along the length of the Easter Seamount Chain (ESC) to the east of these islands, exhibit a regular behavior that is consistent with two-component mixing between a MORB-like source and more enriched mantle (the Easter Plume source) characterized by relatively radiogenic Pb and unradiogenic Sr. Based on the linearity of mixing trends on the isotope diagrams, the plume source appears to have maintained approximately the same isotopic composition over the 20 to 30 Ma history of the Easter Plume sampled by the seamounts. In current nomenclature, the plume source resembles a mix of predominantly HIMU mantle with a small amount of EMI. The proportions of MORB and plume source mantle sampled by the lavas erupted along the ESC vary in a systematic way, with Easter Island and seamounts to the west containing larger fractions of the MORB component than Salas y Gomez Island and the older seamounts to the east. This variability is probably a reflection of the nearness to the spreading center, and therefore lithospheric thickness, at the time of volcanism Received: 27 April 1998 / Accepted: 11 December 1998     

关于加强地质经济管理若干问题的思考

通过对地勘单位资金短缺,资产质量低下等现状剖析,提出加强资金、资产管理,降低资金成本和费用支出的设想和具体办法,向管理要效益,使地勘经济健康发展。     

微波作用下化学助剂在细粉煤脱水中的应用研究

探讨了在微波加热条件下加入表面活性剂和溶剂油等有机溶剂对脱水效果的影响,力求找出其中的脱水规律。结果表明：微波脱水效果明显,同时,表面活性剂能够大大降低滤饼含湿量,而且非离子表面活性剂的效果比阳离子、阴离子好,柴油也能促进粉煤的脱水。     

湖南崀山丹霞地貌岩体抗酸侵蚀脆弱性的实验研究

湖南崀山拥有独特的丹霞喀斯特现象,但具有溶蚀力的水对丹霞地貌区重要的物质基础砂岩和砾岩的侵蚀还没有进行过深入的实验研究。以此为切入点,通过实地采样获得41块砂岩、砾岩岩芯,选择其中18块岩芯平均分成3组,分别放入2%、5%、10%3种不同浓度的H2SO4溶液中浸泡并连续12天定时观测、记录,最后把未破碎的3块砾岩岩芯进...     

关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策

关中盆地是一个完整的、相对独立的地下水系统,按含水介质的结构组合与空间分布以及地下水循环特征,文章将关中盆地地下水系统进一步划分为黄土台塬孔隙-裂隙含水系统、冲积平原孔隙含水系统、秦岭山前洪 积平原孔隙含水系统、渭北岩溶含水系统及基岩裂隙含水系统共5个亚系统和26个更次一级的子系统。在研究 各子系统水文地质特征、分析水资源开发利用现状的基础上,认为区内地下水资源开发利用中存在的问题有:地下水资源污染与浪费严重,重复利用率低;不合理开采地下水,出现负环境效应;行政区块限制,水资源宏观调配不够;地下水人工调控力度不够,不能有效地促进生态环境良性循环;对地下水资源的研究、规划和管理滞后等方面。 并针对存在的主要问题,提出了5项水资源可持续开发利用对策,包括节水对策、开源对策、改水对策、增补对策以及管理对策。     

大营子蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征及控矿因素的研究

大营子蚀变岩型金矿主档是冀北地区新发现的一种金矿类型。矿体赋存于太古代角闪角变质岩系，特别是变质闪长岩体周边及内侧，受ＮＥ、ＮＮＥ向剪切破碎带控制，常在其傍侧断裂形成羽状矿脉。     

灰色系统理论在地下水水质预报中的应用

本文论述了“灰色系统”理论,模型建立步骤以及计算、检验、精度分析方法,并用郑州市地下水中氯离子浓度随时间变化作为实例进行了具体的预报。     

北祁连造山带老虎山奥陶系硅质岩地球化学特征及古地理意义

对北祁连造山带老虎山地区下奥陶统和中、上奥陶统硅质岩的沉积学和地球化学研究表明：下奥陶统硅质岩为生物化学作用成因,沉积于被动大陆边缘深海环境;中、上奥陶统下部与玄武岩共生的硅质岩显示热液成因,沉积于洋脊环境;中、上奥陶统上部硅质岩指示生物化学成因,形成于大陆边缘环境。上述特征表明老虎山地区在早奥陶世为相对稳定的被动大陆边缘构造环境,所含硅质岩和陆缘碎屑岩为大陆斜坡相浊流沉积。中、晚奥陶世柴达木板块向华北板块俯冲在弧后产生离散型活动大陆边缘,形成弧后盆地,硅质岩及其共生的枕状玄武岩和浊积岩应属于扩张弧后盆地的产物。