管道终端及防沉板基础分析

管道终端（PLET）是水下生产系统的一个重要组成部分。管道终端的支撑结构与其防沉板基础为一体,具有结构简单、安装方便、重量轻等优点。以我国南海300m水深某油田环境条件作为设计基础,根据结构整体滑动的受力特点和具体的安装方式,考虑了底流的影响,利用SACS软件对在位和吊装两种工况进行了结构分析,确定了结构形式,选用了高强钢。对防沉板基础的承载力、沉降等情况进行了计算分析,结果表明,管道终端结构和防沉板基础满足力学性能和土质要求。     

黄河流域硅酸盐风化的讨论（2）——流域耗水量对化学风化消耗大气CO2的贡献

由于流域人类活动对水资源的消耗,使河流下游径流量降低,因此研究流域化学风化时必须考虑耗水量的贡献。本文根据课题组2007年黄河流域的化学风化数据,结合流域耗水量,重新估算了黄河流域硅酸盐风化大气CO2的消耗量和消耗率,分别为19.92×109mol.a-1和26.50×103mol.km-2.a-1。黄河流域耗水量对硅酸盐风化消耗大气CO2的贡献已经达到了入海径流量所表征的数量级。针对黄河流域岩石分布类型复杂的特点,作者提出了分段考虑耗水量的计算方法,定量给出了黄河上、中、下游硅酸盐风化CO2的消耗量和消耗率。黄河流域硅酸盐风化CO2消耗率上游>中游>下游,消耗量中游>上游>下游。上、中游硅酸盐风化CO2的消耗量分别为下游的33和37倍左右。     

蒙古黄芪的化学成分研究

目的 研究蒙古黄芪Astragalus membranaceus var,mongholicus的化学成分.方法 利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、大孔树脂柱色谱、ODS柱色谱及制备高效液相等色谱技术对蒙古黄芪70％乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,根据理化数据和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构.结果 共分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为芒柄花素(1)、毛蕊异黄酮(2)、(6aR,11aR)-3-羟基-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷(3)、染料木素(4)、芒柄花苷(5)、毛蕊异黄酮苷(6)、7,2＇-二羟基-3＇,4＇-二甲氧基异黄烷-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、(6aR,11aR)-9,10-二甲氧基紫檀烷-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)、红车轴草素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9)、黄芪甲苷(10)、异黄芪皂苷Ⅱ (11)、黄芪皂苷Ⅷ (12)、腺嘌呤(13)、鸟嘌呤核苷(14)、尿嘧啶核苷(15)、胡萝卜苷(16).结论 化合物13、14为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

新疆北部石炭系构造背景及演化

新疆北部石炭系洋陆转换过渡期,经历了以下两个演化阶段：早石炭世碰撞间歇期伸展－残留洋闭合、陆-陆碰撞阶段和晚石炭世碰撞期后伸展垮塌－板内变形作用阶段。根据石炭世的板块构造活动背景分析,结合区域构造－沉积岩石组合,初步拟定新疆北部早石炭世原型盆地类型主要包括5类：残留洋、陆缘坳陷、裂陷槽、裂谷、陆内坳陷;晚石炭世原型盆地可简要分为３类：裂陷槽、陆缘坳陷、裂谷或断陷。根据上石炭统原型盆地后期叠加改造特征,将新疆北部现今保存在覆盖区内的上石炭统残留盆地及其叠加改造类型分为两大类六亚类：首先根据是否存在二叠系分为继承型和叠加型两大类,然后再根据中生代及新生代盆地叠加特征分为五亚类,分别为连续继承型、早继承早叠加型、早继承晚叠加型、三叠系叠加型、侏罗系叠加型及白垩系叠加型。     

Characteristics and mechanism of concentrated unloading in bank slope of Yangqu hydropower station

Based on the study of field background, tectonic evolution and development history of the Yellow River valley, the authors made an in-depth study of the distribution and formation mechanism of the deep concentrated unloading of a typical bank slope developed in broad basin, and found that the concentrated unloading ranges from 2520 to 2650 m at El, the horizontal depth is 40 to 90 m in left bank and 40 to 60 m in right bank. It showed that these deep cracks in concentrated unloading zone generally dip towards the river or to the inner slope with high angle, and the cause of formation due to the category of unloading. The concentrated unloading is the product of the epigenetic deformation along the original tectonic structural planes accompanied by the stress release of slope during the formation process of river bank slope.     

Microseism Induced by Transient Release of In Situ Stress During Deep Rock Mass Excavation by Blasting

During deep rock mass excavation with the method of drill and blast, accompanying the secession of rock fragments and the formation of a new free surface, in situ stress on this boundary is suddenly released within several milliseconds, which is termed the transient release of in situ stress. In this process, enormous strain energy around the excavation face is instantly released in the form of kinetic energy and it inevitably induces microseismic events in surrounding rock masses. Thus, blasting excavation-induced microseismic vibrations in high-stress rock masses are attributed to the combined action of explosion and the transient release of in situ stress. The intensity of stress release-induced microseisms, which depends mainly on the magnitude of the in situ stress and the dimension of the excavation face, is comparable to that of explosion-induced vibrations. With the methods of time–energy density analysis, amplitude spectrum analysis, and finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter, microseismic vibrations induced by the transient release of in situ stress were identified and separated from recorded microseismic signals during a blast of deep rock masses in the Pubugou Hydropower Station. The results show that the low-frequency component in the microseismic records results mainly from the transient release of in situ stress, while the high-frequency component originates primarily from explosion. In addition, a numerical simulation was conducted to demonstrate the occurrence of microseismic events by the transient release of in situ stress, and the results seem to have confirmed fairly well the separated vibrations from microseismic records.     

巨厚松散层裸孔施工技术措施

针对巨厚松散层在钻孔施工中易出现钻孔孔壁坍塌、掉块、缩径,造成埋钻、粘钻、卡钻,找不到原孔而形成岔孔等钻孔事故,简述了在巨厚松散层钻孔裸孔安全施工的要点和注意事项。     

缅甸钦敦-睡宝盆地火山岛弧带沉积环境分析

缅甸钦敦-睡宝盆地在上新世之前的沉积相主体由东北部的海岸平原向西南逐渐过渡到滨浅海,三角洲相对不发育,火山岩呈南北向断续分布在盆地的中部。构造运动、火山活动和海平面升降决定了火山岛弧带的沉积环境。宽缓的构造背景是形成海岸平原．滨浅海沉积环境的决定因素;岛弧带的火山活动自白垩纪至中新世整体表现出较持续的喷发,形成的火山碎屑不仅参与了正常的地层沉积,还对古生物的繁殖和化石的保存起到破坏作用。海平面升降也是控制沉积体系展布的重要因素。     

冀南邯邢地区白涧和西石门夕卡岩型铁矿磁铁矿成因矿物学研究

对邯邢地区典型夕卡岩型铁矿床白涧铁矿和西石门铁矿中不同产状的磁铁矿的成分、热电性、爆裂温度及O同位素进行了详细的成因矿物学研究。研究发现：层间矿体具有低Ti、∑REE、爆裂温度、δ18O的特征,热电性系数较小但变化范围大;接触带矿体为高Ti、∑REE、爆裂温度、δ18O的特征,热电性系数较大,变化范围小。白涧铁矿层间矿和西石门铁矿中磁铁矿的REE表现出Eu的正异常,而白涧铁矿接触带矿为负异常。白涧铁矿磁铁矿中单层矿体热电性系数具有中部小、顶底大的特征。综合磁铁矿的成因矿物学研究,以热电性的空间变化规律为基础,建立了该区夕卡岩型铁矿的成因和找矿模型。     

四川康定捧塔乡金平电站滑坡成因分析

2010年6月14日23：30左右,四川省甘孜州康定捧塔乡金平电站施工现场在无征兆情况下突发了山体滑坡,致使临时施工营地工棚被掩埋,共造成23人死亡,7人受伤。通过对滑坡形成的地质条件分析,认为滑坡形成的山体斜坡的地形坡度42°～45°是控制滑坡形成的临空条件;滑坡松散体是滑坡形成的物质基础,致使滑坡滑动的诱发因素是连续强降雨。建议在地质灾害频发区实行资格准入和监测预警制度,避免滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害发生时致人群死群伤事件的发生。