抚顺地区夏季降水异常的气候特征分析

利用1951—2012年NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料及章党观测站月平均降水数据,利用统计学方法从大气环流等方面对抚顺地区夏季降水异常气候特征进行了分析探讨。结果表明:抚顺地区夏季降水存在明显年际尺度周期特征,西太平洋副热带高压北界越偏北、强度越强则抚顺地区降水强度越大。抚顺地区降水强(弱)年,500hPa高度场抚顺地区位于距平低涡(高压)底前部,850hPa风场抚顺地区处于西南(偏北)气流控制之下,海平面气压场抚顺地区位于蒙古气旋底前部(反气旋前部),比湿场抚顺位于比湿距平正值(负值)区内。降水强年的温度场距平低值中心落后于500hPa高度场低值中心,利于高空槽的发展,有利于降水的维持加强,降水弱年的温度场距平低值中心与500hPa高度场低值中心相配合,对高空槽脊的发展无明显的影响。     

鄱阳湖生态环境动态监测服务系统

针对目前生态环境监测中多源多尺度数据获取、定量遥感模型半自动化条件制约海量数据的快速处理与分析以及静态的时空快照服务难以表达动态变化过程等问题,该文从基于传感网的数据多元化实时感知获取、基于数据仓库的生态信息主题化动态汇聚、基于多尺度WFS的智能化服务、基于动态数据驱动的仿真动态模拟知识化应用方面考虑,设计湖泊流域生态环境动态监测服务系统。以鄱阳湖为例进行验证,为鄱阳湖流域的生态监测以及江西省生态文明试验区建设提供服务。     

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.     

高放废物处置库新疆阿奇山预选地段区域水文地质特征

新疆阿奇山地区是我国高放废物处置库预选地段之一。在野外调查、样品采集和测试的基础上,讨论了该地段区域水文地质特征,结果表明,阿奇山地段地下水可划分为松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水和基岩裂隙水3种类型,其单井涌水量一般10m~3/d,属于典型的低含水介质;区域地下水流向为自南东流向北西;位于吐鲁番盆地的艾丁湖一带为阿奇山地段地下水的最终排泄区。     

Research of in-situ hydraulic test method by using double packer equipment

Double packer equipment for hydraulic test can be used to measure pressure of test zone directly, and it is frequently used to perform many kinds of hydraulic tests and take groundwater sample from borehole. The test method of this equipment mainly includes the test design, implementation, interpretation and synthetic analysis. By adopting the double packer equipment for hydraulic test, the parameter distribution of rock permeability along borehole can be acquired, as well as the connectivity, water conductivity and water bearing capacity of the disclosed structure and the chemical characteristics of the deep groundwater. It is a necessary method for the research and evaluation of the complex hypotonicity terrace site selection under geological conditions. This method is not only suitable for the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste, but also can be used in the site selection of underground facilities such as storage of petroleum and carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, it has a good application prospect in other hydrogeological investigation fields.     

基于18S和ITS-5.8S rDNA基因序列的白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)的分子鉴定与检测

采用通用引物PCR扩增法,测定了辽东湾海域的白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)螅状体、碟状体及水母体的18S以及ITS-5.8S r DNA序列,同时利用Gene Bank数据库中已有同源序列对其进行序列分析及系统分析。结果显示,白色霞水母3个个体的18S和ITS-5.8S r DNA序列完全一致。白色霞水母样品的ITS-5.8S r DNA序列与Gen Bank中未知真核生物的序列高度相似(≥99%),推测该物种可能是早期发育阶段(卵、浮浪幼虫或碟状体)的白色霞水母样品。霞水母属不同种间18S r DNA序列经比对后同源序列长度为1709bp,多态位点数33个;比对后ITS1同源序列长度为368bp,其中变异位点203个,简约信息位点数178个,单变异位点21个。基于18S r DNA基因序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0、0.008,而基于ITS1序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0.019、0.284。基于ITS1的种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的15倍,适合于进行物种鉴定。NJ系统树的结果也表明同种的不同个体各自聚枝,其聚类结果大致与形态分类吻合。研究表明,ITS基因片段在霞水母不同种间变异较大,更适于大型水母种类鉴定、检测及属内种间水平的系统进化研究。     

Experimental study of nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves

Nonlinear behaviors of a free-floating body in waves were experimentally investigated in the present study. The experiments were carried out for 6 different wave heights and 6 different wave periods to cover a relatively wide range of wave nonlinearities. A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to capture the real-time motion of the floating body. The measurement data show that the sway, heave and roll motions of the floating body are all harmonic oscillations while the equilibrium position of the sway motion drifts in the wave direction. The drift speed is proportional to wave steepness when the size of the floating body is comparable to the wavelength, while it is proportional to the square of wave steepness when the floating body is relatively small. In addition, the drift motion leads to a slightly longer oscillation period of the floating body than the wave period of nonlinear wave and the discrepancy increases with the increment of wave steepness.     

三沙湾盐田港养殖海域沉积物中的有机碳、氮和磷

于2012年8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2013年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)共4个航次对三沙湾盐田港养殖海域表层沉积物组成成分及其变化趋势进行调查分析,并采用单因子污染指数(Pi)对沉积物质量进行评价。结果表明不同功能区沉积物中有机氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有机碳(OC)含量差异显著(P0.05),TN和TP含量4季变化范围分别是0.15~1.39 g/kg和0.11~1.08 g/kg,平均值分别为(0.89±0.36)g/kg和(0.56±0.26)g/kg。OC含量在1.00~14.71 g/kg之间,平均值为(8.26±3.78)g/kg。各站位沉积物中TN污染指数4季变化范围为0.25~2.53,4季超标率分别为67%、81%、80%和90%;各站位TP污染指数4季变化范围为0.18~2.63,4个季节超标率分别为35%、80%、40%和51%;各季节OC含量均未超标;OC/N原子比全年变化范围在8.4~10.3之间,平均值为8.9±0.6。较弱的水流交换条件和海水养殖,特别是海水网箱养殖,是造成沉积物污染的主要原因,开展多营养层次的综合养殖模式是促进盐田港海水养殖可持续发展的有效途径。     

临沂市城市地下空间资源地质调查评价研究

临沂市城市建设发展迅速,城市面貌日新月异,但高楼密集、交通拥挤等问题也逐渐显现出来,城市建设需要更多的空间,开发利用城市地下空间已是首要解决的问题。临沂市位于沂沭断裂带与临沂单斜、平邑-方城盆地多个地质单元的交会处,断裂构造发育,地震活动强烈,地质条件复杂,城市地下空间开发的影响因素众多,该文从水文及水文地质条件、工程地质条件、环境地质条件、人类工程活动等方面对临沂城市地下空间资源地质环境适宜性进行了分析研究,提出了其主要制约因素为极其发育的活动性断裂的看法,凡是活动性断裂对地下空间开发有影响的区域,均为地下空间资源开发制约区。评价结论对于提高城市发展格局、提高城市空间利用率、指导城市空间开发利用规划具有一定的参考意义。     

基于恐龙足迹重建攀西地区白垩纪恐龙动物群

攀西地区没有白垩纪恐龙骨骼化石记录,对该区白垩纪恐龙动物群组合的认识尚属空白。1991年,攀西地区首次发现了恐龙足迹,此后陆续发现了8个足迹点。这些足迹点共发现9种不同的非鸟恐龙足迹(6种非鸟兽脚类、1种蜥脚类和2种鸟脚类足迹),以及翼龙和龟类足迹。共11种足迹形态类型由185道行迹(与孤立足迹)组成,可能代表着同等数量的造迹者。其中飞天山组的组合多样性最强,小坝组和雷打树组较弱。这个相对全面的足迹数据库,为该地区白垩纪四足类的古生态学普查提供了动物群的组成信息,这在该缺乏骨骼化石的地区显得尤为重要。