种植条件下土壤水与地下水相互转化研究

选择天山北麓平原两种代表性作物冬小麦和玉米，人为控制不同潜水埋深条件下进行了种植试验，分析研究了种植条件下土壤水和地下水相互转化机理。计算了不同潜水埋深条件下冬小麦和玉米各生育期和全生长期的实际蒸发蒸腾量、潜水补耗差、包气带土壤储水量变化量及同期的潜在蒸发量，结果表明潜水埋深对土壤水和地下水相互转化及农业生态环境具有重要影响。引入了包气带一潜水系统水分转化量均衡临界深度(Z0)概念，发现潜水埋深小于Z0时，潜水向土壤水的转化起主导作用，潜水和土壤水同时对作物需水具有重要动态调节作用，潜水埋深越浅潜水的动态调节能力越强，但是潜水埋深过浅又可能引起土壤次生盐渍化等农业生态环境问题；当潜水埋深大于Z0时，土壤水向潜水的转化起主导作用，土壤水对作物需水仍具有动态调节能力，而潜水基本失去或完全失去对作物需水的动态调节作用，但是有利于潜水入渗补给，增加地下水资源。     

A comparative study of numerical approaches to risk assessment of contaminant transport

In risk analysis, a complete characterization of the concentration distribution is necessary to determine the probability of exceeding a threshold value. The most popular method for predicting concentration distribution is Monte Carlo simulation, which samples the cumulative distribution function with a large number of repeated operations. In this paper, we first review three most commonly used Monte Carlo (MC) techniques: the standard Monte Carlo, Latin Hypercube sampling, and Quasi Monte Carlo. The performance of these three MC approaches is investigated. We then apply stochastic collocation method (SCM) to risk assessment. Unlike the MC simulations, the SCM does not require a large number of simulations of flow and solute equations. In particular, the sparse grid collocation method and probabilistic collocation method are employed to represent the concentration in terms of polynomials and unknown coefficients. The sparse grid collocation method takes advantage of Lagrange interpolation polynomials while the probabilistic collocation method relies on polynomials chaos expansions. In both methods, the stochastic equations are reduced to a system of decoupled equations, which can be solved with existing solvers and whose results are used to obtain the expansion coefficients. Then the cumulative distribution function is obtained by sampling the approximate polynomials. Our synthetic examples show that among the MC methods, the Quasi Monte Carlo gives the smallest variance for the predicted threshold probability due to its superior convergence property and that the stochastic collocation method is an accurate and efficient alternative to MC simulations.     

浅谈QuickBird-2卫星影像在PixelFactory中的空三方法

像素工厂可以快速、高效地生产卫片正射影像,而空三加密又是正射影像生产过程中的重要步骤。本文以QuickBird-2卫星影像为例,结合实际生产,探讨了大区域卫星影像在PixelFactory软件中的空三方法及注意事项。     

大兴安岭北段诺敏大山地区早白垩世侵入岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文选择大兴安岭北段诺敏大山地区早白垩世侵入岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学研究,探讨该区域侵入岩成因类型、岩浆来源及构造环境。该区侵入岩岩性主要为正长花岗岩、正长花岗斑岩和似斑状正长花岗岩,对其中正长花岗岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,正长花岗岩侵位年龄为129.5±0.4 Ma,应为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物,结合区内侵入岩与地层相互接触关系,本区侵入岩形成时代为早白垩世。区内侵入岩具有富硅（SiO2= 67.36%~74.09%）、富碱（K2O+Na2O= 8.88%~9.34%）、高铝（Al2O3= 12.56%~16.15%）,低MgO、TiO2、CaO的特点,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列;铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为0.94~1.31,为准铝质—过铝质岩石。微量元素富集Rb、U、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,强烈亏损Ti、Nb、Sr、P等高场强元素,具有明显的Eu负异常,属于高分异I型花岗岩。岩石Rb/Sr为0.9~2.0,Sr/Y为4.2~7.2,显示出高Sr、低Y的特点,指示岩浆源区为地壳物质的部分熔融。结合区域研究成果,蒙古—鄂霍茨克构造域在早白垩世之前已结束碰撞,诺敏大山地区早白垩世岩浆活动可能发生在蒙古—鄂霍茨克造山后的伸展环境。     

菲律宾海的地势特征

菲律宾海位于西太平洋大陆边缘,它的周边被岛弧和深海沟所环绕,海域内有数条近南北向的构造脊。近南北向和近东西向的构造将菲律宾海海底地势分割成不同的部分,构成明显不同的地势特征:(1)深海沟呈链状环绕着海域周边分布。(2)近南北向的九州 帛琉海岭将海底分成东西两半,东半部主要是岛弧区,西半部主要是海盆区。(3)海脊与岛弧呈近南北向伸展并贯穿全区,海脊与岛弧之间为海盆。海盆底多为丘状起伏,并有轻度切割。(4)海岭、海台呈块状分布在海盆之上,长垣分布在菲律宾海沟的东侧。(5)岛弧周围分布有岛架和岛坡地势。菲律宾海的地势特征和它的构造特征相一致。     

Neural network for wave forecasting among multi-stations

Unlike in the open sea, the use of wind information for forecasting waves may encounter more ambiguous uncertainties in the coastal or harbor area due to the influence of complicated geometric configurations. Thus this paper attempts to forecast the waves based on learning the characteristics of observed waves, rather than the use of the wind information. This is reported in this paper by the application of the artificial neural network (ANN), in which the back-propagation algorithm is employed in the learning process for obtaining the desired results. This model evaluated the interconnection weights among multi-stations based on the previous short-term data, from which a time series of waves at a station can be generated for forecasting or data supplement based on using the neighbor stations data. Field data are used for testing the applicability of the ANN model. The results show that the ANN model performs well for both wave forecasting and data supplement when using a short-term observed wave data.     

超大型铜镍硫化物矿床研究进展

超大型铜镍硫化物矿床不仅赋存有巨大的铂族贵金属资源,而且赋存有非常重要的深源信息,对其成矿理论的多学科综合研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。通过对超大型铜镍硫化物矿床的产出特征、时空分布、构造环境、控矿条件、母岩浆系列、成矿机理等研究现状的总结,认为以下几方面研究具有较大潜力：（１）矿床成因;（２）通过构造—流体—岩浆—成矿动力学综合研究,揭示成矿机制与全球变化的内在关系;（３）元古宙板块构造演化与超大型矿床形成的关系。     

青海柴达木盆地北缘寒武纪和奥陶纪海相红层的分布与时代

参照青海省柴达木盆地北缘寒武纪和奥陶纪地层相关文献资料,通过野外地质调查和系统样品分析结果,在柴北缘寒武纪—奥陶纪地层中梳理和识别出了19层海相红层。其中,寒武纪地层中识别出了12层海相红层,奥陶纪地层中识别出了7层海相红层。除奥陶纪石灰沟组海相红层(QORB3,QORB4,QORB5及QORB6)为深水大洋红层外,其余15层海相红层均属浅水—半深水陆棚红层。依据海相红层及其上下层位所含化石,本文初步论述了各海相红层的大致时代,并与我国主要块体的同期海相红层进行对比。上述研究对进一步开展全国乃至全球寒武纪、奥陶纪海相红层分布及对比提供了基础数据和资料。此外,通过国内同期红层的对比,本文还讨论了河北唐山寒武纪海相红层的分布及中国南方中奥陶世大坪期—达瑞威尔期早期海相红层广布事件。     

Convection in a rotating annulus having sidewalls of height-dependent thermal conductance

Abstract

Thermal convection in a vertically-mounted, rotating annulus of a particular design proposed by Davies and Walin (1977) is investigated. The annulus used in the present study differs from the conventional type in some important aspects: the sidewalls are finitely conducting, and the thermal conductance of the sidewalls is height-dependent. The theoretical model due to Davies and Walin is briefly recounted. The present study aims to verify the theoretical model; we have acquired numerical solutions to the governing Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical results are supportive of the theoretical contentions. The near-linear dependence of the isothermal slope on the parameter D, which is a function of Ω and ΔT, is corroborated within reasonable limits. New data on the vertical and radial structures of the meridional and azimuthal flows are presented. The numerical results also confirm that the shape of the sidewall thickness has a substantial influence on the meridional flow patterns. In the bulk of the interior flow field, the dominant azimuthal flow field and the temperature field are linked by the thermal wind relation.     

华北中部岩石圈电性结构——应县—商河剖面大地电磁测深研究

20 0 1年, 沿着山西应县到山东商河, 重新布置大地电磁测深剖面进行研究.采用现代先进的大地电磁数据处理技术和快速松弛二维反演方法获得该剖面二维电性结构模型, 从而充分展示了华北地区岩石圈电性结构的特点.从电性特征上讲, 华北岩石圈以太行山前断裂为界划分为东、西两区, 东区为低阻区, 西区为高阻区.在东区, 上地壳电性结构基本与华北裂谷系的隆、坳构造格局相对应, 岩石圈的电导最高达3× 104 S, 远远大于强烈活动的安第斯山岩浆弧区和西藏高原岩石圈的电导.这里, 在构造连接部位的地壳中有不连续的高导体存在, 电导率大约0.1~ 0.8S/m.在西区, 太行山和恒山的岩石圈为高阻块体, 表现出稳定大陆区岩石圈导电性结构的特点.但恒山高阻块体之下发现一组向西缓倾的高导层, 其电导率为0.0 4~0.2 5S/m, 顶面在2 0km深处, 底面深度大约40km.