Process of Rifting and Collision along Plate Margins of the Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Geodynamics

The Qinling erogenic belt underwent complicated processes of rifting and collision, as shown by the coexistence of (1) ocean extension and plate margin rifting and (2) subduction of the frontal oceanic crust and extension of the rear plate margin. These resulted in a basin-mountain framework characterized by the coexistence of plates separated by the ocean basin and continental blocks demarcated by the rifting sea trough in the marginal region and the coexistence of subduction orogeny and ocean extension. Generally speaking, the plate marginal area between the North China plate and Yangtze plate continually rifted from north to south and the rifted micro-plates continually accreted northwards. This especial orogenic process was probably controlled by two events of deep mantle geody-namic adjustment and mantle plume activities, which occurred in the Shangdan suture belt and Mianlue suture belt from north to south respectively.     

瓮安生物群中海绵化石的新证据

近年来笔者依据现存的瓮安生物群中一些海绵及动物胚胎化石标本的研究，对那些可能的球形海绵体及有争议的海绵幼虫标本进行了简略的评述。本文提供的保存完好的具单轴骨针的球形海绵体化石及可能的海绵幼虫标本，对于陡山沱期出现海绵动物的推测提出了新的证据。     

藏北双湖地区三叠纪地层新资料

在西藏北部双湖江爱达日那地区新发现一套出露较完整的三叠纪地层体，从多重地层的角度阐述了三叠系各组级岩石地层单位的基本特征。通过剖面测制，获取了丰富的三叠系地层、沉积相和古生物化石资料，尤其是下三叠统硬水泉组生物扰动灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、豆粒灰岩和中三叠统康南组舍菊石灰岩的发现，为羌塘盆地三叠系地层、沉积相划分与对比，生物古地理研究和沉积盆地分析提供了重要的基础性资料。根据岩石类型和生物组合等特征，将上三叠统土门格拉群含煤系地层划分为3个组级岩石地层单位：红水沟组、石门关组和江爱达日那组。     

国家级矿产实物地质资料的筛选和管理意义

国家级矿产实物地质资料是反映中国矿产资源成矿特点、展现全国矿产勘查与科技工作水平的实物地质资料。国家级矿产实物地质资料由国家实物库永久收藏管理,因此实物地质资料需要筛选。筛选包含2层含义,一是矿床的筛选,即具有典型性、代表性、特殊性的矿床;二是钻孔实物的筛选,即入选矿床最具有代表性的钻孔岩矿心。笔者对2层含义的筛选分别进行了阐述并制定了筛选依据和工作方法,使国家级矿产实物地质资料的筛选有章可循,具可操作性。最后,对全国矿产实物地质资料的管理提出了建议。     

Temporo-Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Ore Deposits in the West Sector of the Northern Qilian Mountains

The west sector of the northern Qilian Mountains is well-known for the Jingtieshan-type iron deposits. A new breakthrough has been made in prospecting for gold and copper in recent years. In this paper, the distribution characteristics of ore deposits in the study area are discussed from the viewpoint of tectonic evolution. It is suggested that there are 9 stages of mineralization from the Palaeoproterozoic to Indosinian. Four minerogenetic series and two minerogenetic subseries of ore deposits are recognized. Iron mineralization occurred in several stages, while most of the metals were accumulated in large amounts in the Caledonian. The enrichment and mineralization of gold is related to large-scale shear-strike-slip faults and the ascent and unloading of deep-seated fluids.     

~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb Zircon Dating of the Huangtuling Hypersthene-Garnet-Biotite Gneiss from the Dabie Mountains, Luotian County, Hubei Province, China: New Evidence for Early Precambrian Evolution

The Huangtuling hypersthene-garnet-biotite gneiss at Luotian County, Hubei Provine, is a typicalgranulite-facies rock of the Dabie Group Complex in the Dabie orogenic belt. Investigations on the morphology andoccurrence of zircons and their internal structures shown in the thin sections lead to the recognition of three types ofzircons, which are in good agreement with the types identified on the basis of morphology, colour and external fea-tures from the related zircon concentrates. The observation of zircons in the rock reveals that part of type 1 zirconsshow signs of a double-layered structure. The interval part existed in the protolith prior to the granulite-facies meta-morphism. Type 2, the prismatic zircons which mainly occur in garnet and hypersthene are metamorphic minerals ofthe granulite-facies metamorphism. Type 3, the round multifaceted zircons in felsic minerals and biotite, are proba-bly attributed to a later geological event related to migmatization. The ~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb zircon dating by direct evaporationon (thermal evaporation ion mass spectrometer) yields ages ranging from 2814 Ma to 1992 Ma. The age discrepancyamong these different zircon types is conspicuous. The yellow-brown(type 1) zircons give ages of 2814±29 Ma to2527±6 Ma, the prismatic euhedral zircons (type 2), 2456±7 Ma to 2254±4 Ma, and the round multifaceted zircons(type 3), 1992±10 Ma. The results are geologically interpreted in consideration of the complicated behaviours of zir-cons during Precambrian geological evolution of the Dabie area. (1) If the protolith of the gneiss is a sedimentaryrock, then type 1 zircons are clastic ones and the ages 2814±29 Ma and 2811±27 Ma may reflect the minimum age ofthe rocks of its source region. also the first geological event in the area. Sedimentation of the protolith occurred be-tween 2814 Ma and 2527 Ma, probably close to 2814 Ma. If the protolith is a volcanic rock, then the formation age ofthe supracrustal rocks of the Dabie Group Complex is around 2814 Ma. The age 2456±7 Ma reflects the time whenthe granulite-facies metamorphism took place. The later migmatization event is dated at aboat 1992±10 Ma, and isprobably the latest early Precambrian event in the area. The present work provides geochronological evidence for the existence of the Dabie Archaean craton, whichhad probably experienced 3 or 4 geological events during its early Precambrian evolution.     

北祁连山西段北大河岩群碎屑锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学研究

白云母石英片岩中碎屑锆石的成因矿物学研究及SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年龄测定表明,北大河岩群变质沉积岩的蚀源区存在1400～3035Ma构造热事件,除了年龄为约2457Ma的变质事件外,主要表现为岩浆事件,其中以1800Ma左右的岩浆事件最为强烈,1400～1700Ma事件次之,中-新太古代的岩浆事件也比较明显;北大河岩群可能遭受过863Ma左右的变质作用影响,其沉积岩的沉积作用发生于1400Ma(最小的碎屑锆石年龄)至863Ma(变质年龄)之间,而不是前人所认为的古元古代;根据46%的碎屑锆石为1800Ma左右这一事实,最起码可以肯定北大河岩群的沉积年龄新于1800Ma;北大河岩群的蚀源区存在中-新太古代的古老陆壳。同时,北大河岩群碎屑锆石年龄资料也为朱龙关群蛇绿岩的形成时代提供了有力的制约:朱龙关群蛇绿岩很可能形成于早古生代,而非中元古代早期。     

Geochemistry and Modes of Occurrence of Hazardous Trace Elements in the No. 11 Coal Seam, Antaibao Surface Mine, Shanxi Province

Concentrations of seventeen hazardous trace elements including As, Pb, Hg, Se, Cd, Cr, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, U, V, Th, Be, Sb, Br and Zn in the No.ll coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, Shanxi Province were determined using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis （INAA）, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry （ICP-AES）, Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （CV-AAS） and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （GF-AAS）. Comparisons with average concentrations of trace elements in Chinese coal show that the concentrations of Hg and Cd in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine are much higher. They may be harmful to the environment in the process of utilization. The variations of the trace elements contents and pyritic suffur in vertical section indicated that： （a） the concentrations of As, Pb, Mn, and pyritic sulfur decrease from roof to floor; （b） the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Mo are higher in roof, floor and lower in coal seam; （c） the concentration of Br, Sb, and Hg are higher in coal seam and lower in roof and floor; （d） the concentrations of Mo, V, Th and AI vary consistently with the ash yield. Cluster analysis of trace elements, pyritic sulfur, ash yield and major elements, such as AI, Fe, P, Ca shows that： （a） pyritic sulfur, Fe, As, Mn, Ni, Be are closely associated and reflect the influence of pyrite; （b） Mo, Se, Pb, Cr, Th, Co, Ca and A! are related to clay mineral, which is the main source of ash; （c） U, Zn, V, Na, P maybe controlled by phosphate or halite; （d） Hg, Br, Sb and Cd may be mainly organic-associated elements which fall outside the three main groups. The concentration distribution characteristics of trace elements in coal seam and the cluster analysis of major and trace elements showed that the contents of trace elements in the No. 11 coal seam, Antaibao surface mine, are mainly controlled by detrital input and migration from roof and floor.     

Preparation of Biomorphic SiC/C Ceramics from Pine Wood via Supercritical Ethanol Infiltration

Biomorphic （wood derived） carbide ceramics with an overall composition in the SiC/C was produced by supereritical ethanol infiltration of low viscosity tetraethylorthosilicate/supercritical ethanol into biologically derived carbon templates （CB-templates） and in situ hydrolysis into Si（OH）4-gel, the Si（OH）4-gel was calcined at 1400℃ to promote the polycondensation of Si（OH）4-gel into SiO2-phase and then carbonthermal reduction of the SiO2 with the biocarbon template into highly porous, biomorphic SiC/C ceramics. The phases and morphology conversion mechanism of resulting porous SiC/C ceramics have been investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）. Experimental results showed that the biomorphic cellular morphology of pinewood charcoal was remained in the porous SiC/C ceramic with high precision that consisted of β-SiC with minority of α-SiC and the remain free carbon existed in amorphous phase.     

Late Ordovician and Early Devonian conodonts from Onoo Tolgoi area of Mongolia

Conodont samples were collected from three localities in the Onoo Tolgoi area, Mongolia, and many conodonts have been found. Conodonts from the Onoo Tolgoi Formation （M288-M294） lack index fossils; its age could be Late Silurian. Samples from the Hutul us hudag Formation （M295-M299） contain Ozarkodina pandora alpha Morph. （ P element）, clearly indicating that this formation is Early Devonian late Lochkovian in age. Samples collected from so-called Silurian Onoo Tolgoi Formation at other localities （M300-M303） yield many Ordovician conodonts, including Icriodella baotaensis, Icriodella cf. baotaensis, Eoplacognathus fianyeen- sis, Eoplacognathus protoramosus ; Baltoniodus alobatus ; and ？ Ambalodus triangularis ; the age is Late Ordovician, more precisely, early-middle Late Ordovician.