What Happened in the Trans-North China Orogen in the Period 2560-1850 Ma？

The Trans-North China Orogen （TNCO） was a Paleoproterozic continent-continent collisional belt along which the Eastern and Western Blocks amalgamated to form a coherent North China Craton （NCC）. Recent geological, structural, geochemical and isotopic data show that the orogen was a continental margin or Japan-type arc along the western margin of the Eastern Block, which was separated from the Western Block by an old ocean, with eastward-directed subduction of the oceanic lithosphere beneath the western margin of the Eastern Block. At 2550-2520 Ma, the deep subduction caused partial melting of the medium-lower crust, producing copious granitoid magma that was intruded into the upper levels of the crust to form granitoid plutons in the low- to medium-grade granite-greeustone terranes. At 2530-2520 Ma, subduction of the oceanic lithosphere caused partial melting of the mantle wedge, which led to underplating of mafic magma in the lower crust and widespread mafic and minor felsic volcanism in the arc, forming part of the greenstone assemblages. Extension driven by widespread mafic to felsic volcanism led to the development of back-arc and/or intra-arc basins in the orogen. At 2520-2475 Ma, the subduction caused further partial melting of the lower crust to form large amounts of tonalitic-trondhjemitic-granodioritic （TTG） magmatism. At this time following further extension of back-arc basins, episodic granitoid magmatism occurred, resulting in the emplacement of 2360 Ma, -2250 Ma 2110-21760 Ma and -2050 Ma granites in the orogen. Contemporary volcano-sedimentary rocks developed in the back-arc or intra-are basins. At 2150-1920 Ma, the orogen underwent several extensional events, possibly due to subduction of an oceanic ridge, leading to emplacement of mafic dykes that were subsequently metamorphosed to amphibolites and medium- to high-pressure mafic granulites. At 1880-1820 Ma, the ocean between the Eastern and Western Blocks was completely consumed by subduction, and the dosing of the ocean led to the continent-arc-continent collision, which caused large-scale thrusting and isoclinal folds and transported some of the rocks into the lower crustal levels or upper mantle to form granulites or eclogites. Peak metamorphism was followed by exhumation/uplift, resulting in widespread development of asymmetric folds and symplectic textures in the rocks.     

南岭东段龙源坝复式岩体La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

龙源坝岩体是南岭花岗岩体群的一个重要组成部分,位于南岭东段,研究程度十分薄弱,至今未见可靠的同位素年龄报道。本文在运用阴极发光技术对岩体中的锆石进行细致的内部结构分析的基础上,利用La-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb原位定年方法进行了同位素年龄测定。结果表明,龙源坝岩体是一个印支期—燕山期多期次岩浆侵入形成的复式岩体,其中主体形成于印支期,尤其是印支早期。印支早期花岗岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为241.0±5.9Ma和241.0±1.3Ma(两个样品),印支晚期花岗岩为210.9±3.8Ma,燕山期正长岩为149.4±1.2Ma。龙源坝岩体在时代和成因上不同于其东侧的陂头岩体,但相同于北侧的诸广山岩体有亲缘关系,因此在探讨该区的铀成矿前景时,应把诸广山与龙源坝两岩体整合起来考虑,并加强对龙源坝岩体的铀矿找矿工作。     

区域集合预报系统2 m温度预报的校准技术

采用非齐次高斯回归 (NGR) 技术对国家气象中心区域集合预报系统的2 m温度预报结果开展了一阶偏差和二阶离散度的校准研究。对预报结果比较详尽的检验分析表明:校准后的2 m温度预报可靠性和预报技巧均显著提高,表现为校准后集合预报成员的均方根误差与离散度更为接近;原Talagrand直方图中的“L”形分布现象得到有效改善;Brier评分、最小连续分级概率评分 (CRPS) 明显减小,相对作用特征 (ROC) 面积增大,说明校准后的2 m温度预报表现出更好的预报技能。此外,NGR技术与自适应误差订正技术的对比试验表明,NGR在消除集合平均偏差和提高集合离散度两个方面均有优势。     

基于互联网搜索数据的甘肃省旅游客源地时空分析

传统的统计手段可以获得旅游城市或景点的游客量,而无法获得旅游客源地游客量,本文首先把互联网搜索数据与现实游客行为之间进行关联和映射,然后将搜索量最高关键词通过自由组合和非线性多项式拟合,发现3个词组合时与现实游客行为之间R²高达0.999,最后反演出2011-2014年中国(港澳台除外)各省、直辖市和自治区至甘肃省旅游的人数,进行甘肃省旅游客源地时空数据可视化、时空数据异常探测、时空过程分析等,帮助旅游部门了解游客的来源及去处、游客的出行规律和爱好偏向,做出有针对性的决策。     

北山方山口地区典型蚀变岩矿的光谱特征研究

利用遥感数据提取蚀变矿物的基础就是熟知不同岩石和矿物的光谱吸收特征,尤其是要掌握不同物理、化学环境下岩石和矿物的光谱变异特征。北山方山口地区地质演化历史复杂,蚀变岩石类型多样。那么不同岩石和矿物的光谱吸收特征有何特点,跟遥感影像上对应端元的光谱曲线是否吻合呢?另外,何种采集条件下获取的地面岩矿光谱最具代表性呢?就上述问题,笔者对方山口试验区内典型岩矿的光谱特征展开研究。实验结果表明：原位露头岩石样品和原地碎石样品与岩石标样在光谱曲线特征上最为接近,样品表层的沙漠漆对特征峰的吸收深度有一定影响。而岩矿的可见光-近红外光谱主要取决于矿物的成分和分子结构,岩石的物理破坏作用不会导致特征谱带的变化。各蚀变岩石影像端元光谱曲线与其实测光谱曲线所反映的曲线形态和吸收峰位置基本一致,但不同蚀变岩石的光谱曲线相似性很高,因此仅利用遥感影像难以准确识别出蚀变岩石的类别,但利用遥感图像提取含Fe2+、Fe3+、OH-、CO32-离子或离子基团的蚀变矿物具有较好的可行性。这对遥感蚀变矿物信息的提取起到了理论指导作用。     

九龙江河口区表层水铀同位素的粒级分布

利用微滤和超滤技术研究了九龙江河口区表层水中铀及其同位素组成的粒级分布和地球化学行为.结果表明,溶解态(<0.4μm)中低分子量组分(<10 000 u)占主要份额,胶体态(10 000 u~0.4μm)238U所占比例不足1%,且随盐度的增加其所占份额逐渐降低.溶解态、低分子量组分和胶体态238U的比活度与盐度之间存在良好的线性正相关关系,证实它们在九龙江河口区呈现保守行为.在颗粒态(>0.4μm)中,各粒级组分238U所占份额主要受控于相应颗粒物的浓度,在盐度小于20的区域,各粒级颗粒组分238U占颗粒态的份额有如下变化次序:10~53μm>2~10μm>0.4~2μm>大于53μm,而在盐度大于30的近外海站位,该次序发生一些变化:0.4~2μm>10~53μm>2~10μm>大于53μm,最小粒级颗粒组分238U的贡献有所增加,反映了自生铀贡献的加强.九龙江河口区表层水中溶解态(包括低分子量组分和胶体态)的234U/238U)_A.R.均大于1,显示出234U过剩的特征,而各粒级颗粒组分中的234U/238U)_A.R.则接近于平衡值(1.0).这一现象与陆地岩石风化过程中水体对铀的淋滤释出量及234U的优先浸出有关.对232Th/238U质量比的研究显示,溶解态及其所包括的低分子量组分和胶体态的232Th/238U质量比均小于1,而颗粒态及其所包括的4个粒级组分中的232Th/238U质量比均大于1,反映了向外海输送过程中铀、钍地球化学行为的差异.     

基于HYCOM再分析数据研究琉球海流的形成与起源

The origin of the Ryukyu Current(RC) and the formation of its subsurface velocity core were investigated using a 23-year(1993–2015) global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) dataset. The volume transport of the RC comes from the Kuroshio eastward branch(KEB) east of Taiwan and part of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(pNPSG). From the surface to 2 000 m depth, the KEB(p-NPSG) transport contributes 41.5%(58.5%) to the mean total RC transport. The KEB originally forms the subsurface velocity core of the RC east of Taiwan due to blockage of the subsurface Kuroshio by the Ilan Ridge(sill depth: 700 m). Above 700 m, the Kuroshio can enter the East China Sea(ECS) over the Ilan Ridge, meanwhile, the blocked Kuroshio below 700 m turns to the right and flows along the Ryukyu Islands. With the RC flowing northeastward, the p-NPSG contribution strengthens the subsurface maximum structure of the RC owing to the blockage of the Ryukyu Ridge. In the surface layer, the pNPSG cannot form a stable northeastward current due to frequent disturbance by mesoscale eddies and water exchange through the gaps(with net volume transport into ECS) between the Ryukyu Islands.     

Convection in a rotating annulus having sidewalls of height-dependent thermal conductance

Abstract

Thermal convection in a vertically-mounted, rotating annulus of a particular design proposed by Davies and Walin (1977) is investigated. The annulus used in the present study differs from the conventional type in some important aspects: the sidewalls are finitely conducting, and the thermal conductance of the sidewalls is height-dependent. The theoretical model due to Davies and Walin is briefly recounted. The present study aims to verify the theoretical model; we have acquired numerical solutions to the governing Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical results are supportive of the theoretical contentions. The near-linear dependence of the isothermal slope on the parameter D, which is a function of Ω and ΔT, is corroborated within reasonable limits. New data on the vertical and radial structures of the meridional and azimuthal flows are presented. The numerical results also confirm that the shape of the sidewall thickness has a substantial influence on the meridional flow patterns. In the bulk of the interior flow field, the dominant azimuthal flow field and the temperature field are linked by the thermal wind relation.     

内蒙古大克泊碱湖氮移除及其影响因素

为了研究碱湖N₂O释放速率及其对盐度与pH的响应,选取内蒙古大克泊碱湖的五个沉积物样点,采用¹⁵N同位素标记模拟实验,研究反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的速率、相对比例和气体产生情况,揭示高盐和高pH对碱湖氮移除的影响。发现大克泊湖潜在氮移除速率为0~16.06 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在反硝化速率为0~12.62 n mol N mL-1 h-1,潜在厌氧氨氧化速率为0~9.81 n mol N mL-1 h-1;当盐度34.00 g·L-1与pH 10.22时,厌氧氨氧化对氮移除贡献较大,达到43.18%~71.79%。反硝化过程气体产物以N₂为主,几乎无N₂O气体释出。另外,该区域潜在氮移除速率与pH呈正相关关系,与TOC、NO-₃、HCO-₃呈负相关关系;未发现氮移除速率与盐度之间的相关关系。因此,在研究的碱湖中,氮移除过程中主要为N₂排放,而N₂O低于检测水平;氮移除过程的影响因素复杂且不限于最主要的环境变量(盐度与pH)。这些结果为研究湖泊N₂O排放提供了数据基础。     

冬季东中国海环流中的中尺度涡旋数值模拟

采用高精度的POM模式 ,考虑了海底地形、外来流、长江径流、海面风应力、海面热通量等多方面因素的影响 ,模拟了冬季东中国海环流结构。模拟结果显示 :在黄海东部很可能存在两个涡 ,中心分别在124°37′E ,37°N ,124°E ,35°30′N ;东海北部存在一个大型的气旋式涡旋 ,其中心位置在125.1°E ,30.5°N附近 ,该涡旋是由东北向的台湾暖流、西北向的黄海暖流及南下的沿岸流组成的封闭结构 ;日本九州以西黑潮入侵分支形成一涡旋 ,黑潮分支是形成此涡旋的直接动力因素 ,另外地形和冬季盛行的偏北风也对该涡旋的形成有一定正面影响。