若干高光谱成像新技术及其应用研究

高光谱成像数据已广泛应用于地质、海洋、农林、水文、城市、环境和军事等领域,对经济的可持续发展发挥了促进作用。随着研究的深入和应用的拓展,对高光谱成像系统的技术要求呈现多样化趋势。本文简要回顾了国内外高光谱成像技术的主要发展历程,依次阐述了运动补偿高光谱成像、紧凑型热红外高光谱低温光学、宽谱段一体化机载高光谱集成、基于AOTF分光的凝视型高光谱成像以及阶跃集成滤光片等具有代表性的高光谱成像关键技术,并简要介绍了这些新技术在天宫一号、嫦娥三号等国家重大任务中的应用情况。     

论“造山的高原”

地球上的高原依照其组成及形成过程差异分为两大类:克拉通高原与造山高原。克拉通高原是在古老的前寒武纪基底和稳定的克拉通的基础上构筑的高原,具有简单的、均一的、稳定的、冷的地壳以及刚性古老硬基底,如巴西高原、科罗拉多高原、埃塞俄比亚高原、南非高原、中西伯利亚高原和德干高原等。造山的高原是以造山单元作为主体的高原,分为俯冲型高原和碰撞型高原。前者如"中安第斯高原"与东太平洋的向东俯冲密切相关;后者如青藏高原,具有相对复杂、不均一、多地体拼贴、多期造山、相对热的巨厚地壳组成的造山软基底。研究表明青藏高原的初始高原在白垩纪形成,与班公湖-怒江缝合带的闭合(120~140Ma)有关。而印度-亚洲碰撞(60~50Ma)和印度岩石圈板片平俯冲在青藏高原之下,促使青藏高原整体的抬升至4000~5000m的高度。     

Influence of chlorine substitution on adsorption of gaseous chlorinated phenolics on multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded in SiO₂ particles were prepared through the floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition method. The parameters reaction time and flow rate of the carbon source (CH₄) were studied to obtain optimum conditions for MWCNT synthesis. The obtained MWCNTs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm their morphology and crystallinity. The optimum conditions were a CH₄ flow rate of 100 ml/min in a H₂–Ar mixture at a flow rate of 500 ml/min and a reaction time of 20 min. Under these conditions, MWCNTs with average outer and inner diameters of around 50 and 10 nm, respectively, were obtained. SiO₂ particles with embedded MWCNTs were studied for their adsorption of gaseous chlorinated phenolic compounds (CPCs), with emphasis on the effect of number of chlorine substituents. The CPC compounds of 2-chlorophenol (CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) were compared against phenol (P). Adsorption of P and CPCs on the particles fit well the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacities of P, CP, and DCP on SiO₂ particles with embedded MWCNTs were found to be 3.12, 13.83, and 44.25 mg/g, respectively. Desorption activation energy was determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Chlorine substitution on P changed the adsorption process from physical to chemical adsorption. The particles showed high potential for use as a pre-concentration unit for solid-phase microextraction.     

黄海底栖纤毛虫的群落结构与时空变化

采用密度梯度离心结合定量蛋白银染色(Ludox-QPS)方法,对2010年7月和11月获自黄海海域沉积物中的底栖纤毛虫进行了群落结构研究,并结合环境因子进行了分析。结果表明:7月浒苔暴发期间,纤毛虫现存量以北黄海、南黄海近岸和长江口外海域较高,南黄海离岸站位较低;11月的纤毛虫丰度和生物量均明显高于7月,南黄海近岸站位的丰度和生物量较高,且向外海随水深增大呈减少的趋势。11月丰度和生物量前三位的类群与7月一致,前口类丰度所占比例最高,核残迹类生物量所占比例最高。肉食性纤毛虫均是两个月份的最优势摄食类群。11月纤毛虫的物种数、Margalef指数和香农-威纳指数均高于7月,且均以南黄海近岸海域较高,而离岸海域较低;纤毛虫丰度、生物量、物种数、Margalef和香农-威纳指数与底层水温度和沉积物中值粒径呈显著正相关。冷水团对底栖纤毛虫群落结构和分布有一定的影响,且是多个环境因子的共同影响。两个月份纤毛虫群落间的Jaccard相似系数值高于单个月份南北黄海和冷水团内外的系数值,表明黄海底栖纤毛虫的物种组成在季节间的差异可能小于不同海域之间的差异。7月南黄海近岸较高的纤毛虫现存量和多样性表明,浒苔的死亡和降解可能通过级联效应促进了近岸站位纤毛虫的生长。     

中国青年妇女血红蛋白正常参考值及其地理因素

A research is conducted on the relationship between the normal reference value of 20,475 examples of hemoglobin of young women and five geographical factors in 208 areas in China, the normal reference value is determined by the hemoglobincyanide method. It is found that the correlation of geographical factors and the normal reference value of hemoglobin of young women are quite significant (F=142.81). By using the method of multiple linear regression analysis, one regression equation is inferred. If geographical values are obtained in some areas, the normal reference value of hemoglobin of young women of this area can be reckoned by using the regression equation. Furthermore, depending on the geographical factors, China can be divided into six regions:Oinghai-Tibet (Qingzang) Plateau. Southwest. Northwest. Southeast. North and Northeast China.     

Recognition method for mid‐ to long‐term runoff forecasting factors based on global sensitivity analysis in the Nenjiang River Basin

Mid‐ to long‐term runoff forecasting is important to China. Forecasting based on physical causes has become the trend of this field, and recognition of key factors is central to recent development. Here, global sensitivity analysis based on back‐propagation arithmetic was used to calculate the sensitivity of up to 24 factors that affect runoff in the Nenjiang River Basin. The following five indices were found to be key factors for mid‐ to long‐term runoff forecasting during flood season: Tibetan Plateau B, index of the strength of the East Asian trough, index of the area of the northern hemisphere polar vortex, zonal circulation index over the Eurasian continent and index of the strength of the subtropical high over the western Pacific. The hydrological climate of the study area and the rainfall–runoff laws were then analysed in conjunction with its geographical position and topographic condition. The rationality of the results can be demonstrated from the positive analysis point of view. The results of this study provide a general method for selection of mid‐ to long‐term runoff forecasting factors based on physical causes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

尾矿库下游安全距离预测的探讨

鉴于目前尾矿库下游安全距离没有试验数学模型,导致尾矿库下游的安全距离难以确定。借用泥石流预测数学模型,以探索较为合理的安全距离计算,为尾矿库库址选择、安全评价及主管部门监管提供一种具有一定科学依据的预测计算方法。     

蒙古国塔南凹陷南屯组水下扇的沉积演化特征

利用基于Wheeler变换的数据驱动倾角导向体生成的非线性年代地层切片,研究蒙古国塔南凹陷下白垩统南屯组水下扇的沉积演化特征。基于沉积学的理论指导,通过单井相、连井相标定,结合地震反演、地震属性等技术,进行等时地层单元的沉积相分析;基于相控应用年代地层切片技术研究沉积演化特征。结果表明:塔南凹陷南屯组SQ21时期发育近岸水下扇及远岸水下扇,水下扇的沉积演化规模随着水体的加深先扩张后萎缩,到最大湖泛时期基本消失;切片中水道显示远岸水下扇是近岸水下扇二次搬运至同生断裂再次滑塌而成。