雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响

The present study systematically investigates by experiment the influence of Reynolds number (Re) on a turbulent jet issuing from a smoothly-contracting round nozzle. Measurements were performed for seven Reynolds numbers varying from Re = 4,050 to Re = 20,100 using single hot-wire anemometry and over an axial distance of 30 nozzle exit diameters. Although all the exit velocity profiles are of "top-hat" shape, these measurements reveal significant dependence on Re of the exit and downstream flows. The effect of Re on both the mean and turbulent fields is substantial for Re ＜ 10,000 and becomes weak beyond Re = 10,000. The length of the jet’s potential core and the far-field rates of decay and spread all depend significantly on Re.     

Finite element modeling of heating phenomena of cracks excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses

A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical coupled finite element model is built up to simulate the phenomena of dynamical contact and frictional heating of crack faces when the plate containing the crack is excited by high-intensity ultrasonic pulses. In the finite element model, the high-power ultrasonic transducer is modeled by using a piezoelectric thermal-analogy method, and the dynamical interaction between both crack faces is modeled using a contact-impact theory. In the simulations, the frictional heating taking place at the crack faces is quantitatively calculated by using finite element thermal-structural coupling analysis, especially, the influences of acoustic chaos to plate vibration and crack heating are calculated and analysed in detail. Meanwhile, the related ultrasonic infrared images are also obtained experimentally, and the theoretical simulation results are in agreement with that of the experiments. The results show that, by using the theoretical method, a good simulation of dynamic interaction and friction heating process of the crack faces under non-chaotic or chaotic sound excitation can be obtained.     

海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌Lh-1 株所产多肽R-1 性质分析及作用原理探讨

对海洋侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)Lh-1所产多肽R-1的性质及作用机理进行了研究。R-1对温度和pH稳定,在pH 11.0~12条件下,121℃处理1 h,其活力保持在75%以上。经3种不同浓度的蛋白酶(碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶)处理4 h后,活性保持在80%以上。与常见的金属离子和化学试剂在一起反应,对抗菌肽R-1的活性无明显影响,可以配合一起使用,仅吐温和SDS对其影响较大。氨基酸分析表明,抗菌肽R-1由亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、缬氨酸(Val)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、赖氨酸(Lys)、甘氨酸(Gly)、蛋氨酸(Met)、丝氨酸(Ser)、丙氨酸(Ala)9种氨基酸组成,其中疏水氨基酸居多。抑菌试验表明R-1的抑菌谱广泛,对经培养分离出来的大肠杆菌及白假丝酵母菌的扫描电境超微结构观察表明,R-1的杀菌机制主要是通过含有带正电荷的Lys与带负电荷的磷脂分子结合,然后R-1的疏水端插入到指示菌的疏水区,改变膜的构象,从而导致菌体的死亡。     

产过氧化氢酶菌株CE-1 的筛选与鉴定

经过含H2O2的平板初筛和摇瓶发酵复筛,从保存的水样中筛选到一株过氧化氢酶高产菌株CE-1,其所产过氧化氢酶活性和比活分别为1 356.2 U/mL和3 401 U/mg。菌株CE-1为革兰氏阴性杆状细菌,根据其形态特征、16S rRNA基因序列系统进化树分析和生理生化特性,以及属内不同种间性状差异等因素的综合分析,将菌株CE-1鉴定为气单胞属(Aeromonas)细菌。     

Antiangiogenic activity of low-temperature lysozyme from a marine bacterium <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>

We extracted marine low-temperature lysozyme (MLTL), a novel lysozyme, from a marine microorganism through fermentation. Our previous study suggested that a low molecular weight (16 kDa) may exert anti-tumor activity through antiangiogenesis. In this study, we extracted a high weight (39 kDa) and investigated its antiangiogenic activity in vivo and in vitro. Using zebrafish embryos as an in vivo study model, we found that treatment with MLTL significantly inhibited the growth of subintestinal vessels (SIVs) in a dose-dependent manner and that 400 μg/ml MLTL was sufficient to block the growth of SIVs. An in vitro study conducted using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) revealed that MLTL suppressed the proliferation, migration and tube formation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, assays by flow cytometry and DNA electrophoresis indicated that MLTL was able to induce apoptosis of HUVECs. Moreover, further study demonstrated that the disruption of intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis may play an important role in MLTL induced apoptosis of HUVECs. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate for the first time that MLTL inhibits angiogenesis through its pleiotropic effects on vascular endothelial cells and induces apoptosis through regulation of cellular Ca²⁺ levels. The results of this study also revealed a possible mechanism underlying the antiangiogenic effect of MLTL and suggested that MLTL may be a promising new antiangiogenic agent for use in cancer therapy.     

中尺度非均—边界层气候的数值研究——(Ⅱ)夏季的数值试验

用修改的 Nickerson 等提出的中尺度模式,对我国北方夏季非均一下垫面上的边界层气候特征进行了研究。结果表明,在晴朗、静风和无扰动系统的条件下,下垫面的非均一性对边界层气候起着决定性的影响。边界层气候特征和低空急流强度与局地环流关系密切。干燥裸地上边界层内出现的逆湿现象,是由下垫面非均一的湿度场和中尺度平流共同引起的。     

二维海陆风环流的数值研究

本文对Nickerson的中尺度模式作了一些修改,加入了地表热量平衡方程和一个13层的土壤层模式,并对Therry等的行星边界层参数化形式作了调整.使之较好地模拟出太阳辐射和地表温度的日变化.对不同地形、纬度和夏、冬季海陆风的模拟表明,本模式具有较强的海陆风模拟能力.     

On the couplings between chebyshev coefficients as derived from the monthly mean geopotential fields at 500 hPa over East Asia and the Southern Oscillation

The first six Chebyshev polynomial coefficients (i.e., A00, A01, A10, A11, A02, A20) were derived from monthly mean geopotential height over East Asia for the period 1951－1983. Spectral analysis of these coefficients reveals rela-tive maxima of power in the frequency bands of 200 months (~ 16.7 years), 25 months (the quasi-biennial oscillation), 5-6 months, and 2-3 months. Cross-spectral characteristics between Chebyshev coefficients and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) were also explored. Coherence spectrum for the zonal and meridional circulation index (A01 and A10) with the SOI was significant near 4 years, the QBO, and 2-3 months. Some physical explanations were offered for the spatial linkages (i.e., teleconnections) between the SO and atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia.     

壤中气汞测量在活断层研究中的应用

利用JM—3型数字金膜测汞仪对渭河盆地活动断层进行壤中气汞测量,取得了初步结果。认为,壤中气汞异常与活动断层存在着密切的关系,通过测汞寻找隐伏活动断层,判定断层活动性是可行的。     

混合层厚度、风速和稳定度对地面SO2浓度分布影响的数值试验

利用Euler平流扩散方程和K模式闭合方案的数值解,讨论了混合层厚度、风速和稳定度3因子对银川市冬季地面SO₂浓度分布的影响。结果表明,在极不稳定层结(A级)下混合层厚度增加250m时能使地面SO₂浓度减少40%～75%,而在稳定层结下混合层厚度增加200m时仅减少20%的浓度;而当混合层厚度和风速分别增加250m和3.8m·s^-1、层结由稳定(F)变为极端不稳定(A),并且当混合层最大厚度和最大风速分别限制在650m和4m·s^-1时,老城西部地面浓度减少了90%,稀释效应最显着。