基于北斗卫星的预警信息发布技术研究及实现

利用北斗卫星短报文通信功能,以广播方式发布预警信息,可提高预警信息的覆盖范围和时效性, 填补我国海洋及陆地边远地区预警信息发布空白。但北斗卫星预警信息发布存在传输速率低、冗余信息量大、长预警信息发布成功率低的问题。该文对北斗卫星预警信息发布系统的系统结构、协议体系和关键问题开展研究,通过指挥机并联、预警信息编码、影响区域识别、联合补包等方法,解决了北斗卫星预警信息发布系统建设的关键问题。在此基础上,该文设计了预警信息网络发布协议、预警信息北斗发布协议和预警信息北斗传输协议,并开发了原型系统。     

Fusion of high-resolution DEMs derived from COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X InSAR datasets

Voids caused by shadow, layover, and decorrelation usually occur in digital elevation models (DEMs) of mountainous areas that are derived from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) datasets. The presence of voids degrades the quality and usability of the DEMs. Thus, void removal is considered as an integral part of the DEM production using InSAR data. The fusion of multiple DEMs has been widely recognized as a promising way for the void removal. Because the vertical accuracy of multiple DEMs can be different, the selection of optimum weights becomes a key problem in the fusion and is studied in this article. As a showcase, two high-resolution InSAR DEMs near Mt. Qilian in northwest China are created and then merged. The two pairs of InSAR data were acquired by TerraSAR-X from an ascending orbit and COSMO-SkyMed from a descending orbit. A maximum likelihood fusion scheme with the weights optimally determined by the height of ambiguity and the variance of phase noise is adopted to syncretize the two DEMs in our study. The fused DEM has a fine spatial resolution of 10 m and depicts the landform of the study area well. The percentage of void cells in the fused DEM is only 0.13 %, while 6.9 and 5.7 % of the cells in the COSMO-SkyMed DEM and the TerraSAR-X DEM are originally voids. Using the ICESat/GLAS elevation data and the Chinese national DEM of scale 1:50,000 as references, we evaluate vertical accuracy levels of the fused DEM as well as the original InSAR DEMs. The results show that substantial improvements could be achieved by DEM fusion after atmospheric phase screen removal. The quality of fused DEM can even meet the high-resolution terrain information (HRTI) standard.     

Formation of iron sulfide nodules during anaerobic oxidation of methane

The biomarker compositions of iron sulfide nodules (ISNs; upper Pliocene Valle Ricca section near Rome, Italy) that contain the ferrimagnetic mineral greigite (Fe₃S₄) were examined. In addition to the presence of specific terrestrial and marine biomarkers, consistent with formation in coastal marine sediments, these ISNs contain compounds thought to originate from sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). These compounds include a variety of low-molecular-weight and branched alkanols and several non-isoprenoidal dialkyl glycerol diethers (DGDs). In addition, archaeal biomarkers, including archaeol, macrocyclic isoprenoidal DGDs and isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers are also present. Both SRB and archaeal lipid δ¹³C values are depleted in ¹³C (δ¹³C values are typically less than −50‰), which suggests that the SRB and archaea consumed ¹³C depleted methane. These biomarker and isotopic signatures are similar to those found in cold seeps and marine sediments where anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) occurs with sulfate serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Association of AOM with formation of greigite-containing ISNs could provide an explanation for documented remagnetization of the Valle Ricca sediments. Upward migration of methane, subsequent AOM and associated authigenic greigite formation are widespread processes in the geological record that have considerable potential to compromise paleomagnetic records.     

塔里木盆地西南地区早中寒武世岩相古地理

塔里木盆地西南地区早中寒武世岩相古地理存在一定争议,这制约了该区的勘探评价。综合利用露头、钻井和地震资料,开展沉积相、地震相分析,并结合区域构造背景,恢复了岩相古地理格局,提出了相应的沉积模式。中下寒武统发育陆棚相、开阔台地相、局限台地相、蒸发台地相和缓坡相。震旦纪末期麦盖提斜坡南部形成水下低隆起,向南在西南坳陷区残留部分被动陆缘,主要发育缓坡相、陆棚相;麦盖提斜坡区地势较高,地层较薄,主要发育局限台地和蒸发台地潮坪;巴楚隆起区水体局限,在干燥炎热气候下形成了厚度较大的蒸发台地膏盐湖沉积。巴楚隆起区和麦盖提斜坡区中下寒武统膏盐岩分布广泛,与下伏碳酸盐岩可构成良好的储盖组合,西南坳陷区残留部分被动陆缘,烃源岩发育条件较好,这表明塔西南具有较好的油气前景。     

控制网优化设计中的蒙特卡罗法

介绍了蒙特卡罗法的基本步骤以及伪随机数的检验方法；结合工程控制网的设计给出了一个实际算例，算例的结果表明该方法切实有效。     

青海达布逊湖50万年以来气候变化的孢粉学证据

基于青海柴达木盆地达布逊湖达 1井岩芯样品孢粉分析结果,将孢粉谱划分为Q₂ 、Q₃ 和Q₄ 三个孢粉带;并根据孢粉组合特征讨论了过去 5 0万年中研究区植被演化和古气候变化问题。达 1井沉积剖面年龄根据古地磁测定。研究结果表明,柴达木盆地中更新世中、晚期 ( 5 0 0～ 130kaBP)气候可能为暖温带半潮湿型,晚更新世 ( 130～ 10kaBP)气候为温带半干燥型,全新世 ( 10～ 0kaBP)气候为寒温带干燥型。晚更新世气候变化与青藏高原古里雅冰芯所记录的冷暖事件演变基本一致.     

V-3θ图的结构与"98.6"暴雨过程预测分析

V-3θ图是成都气象学院欧阳首承教授设计出来的运用图像结构来预测天气的结构预测方法。主要利用大气中的压、湿、湿、风的垂直分布,判断大气滚流对天气演变的影响来预报天气转折性变化。利用V-3θ图对桂林站1998年6月份的暴雨过程作一个综合分析。结果几次特强的降水都在V-3θ图上有较好的反映。该方法对无明显降水的天气也能作定性的判断。     

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基于主体功能区约束的大气污染物总量控制目标分配研究

考虑经济发展水平、污染物排放现状、污染物治理水平、空气质量,特别是国家主体功能区环境目标约束等因素,构建大气污染物排放总量分配的指标体系,用改进的等比例分配方法对2015年国家SO2,NOx总量控制目标进行区域分配。分配结果表明:SO2和NOx削减量大的省份主要集中在华北平原及其周围地区,这些地区污染物排放量大、空气质量较差;削减比例较大的地区主要集中在西部地区以及北京、天津2个直辖市,这些地区单位GDP能耗高、工业污染物去除率低、空气质量差;削减量相对较小的地区主要集中在西南和南部一些省份;削减比例较小的地区主要集中在中南部和南部几个省份,这些地区污染物排放量相对较少,空气质量好于其他省份。     

Water source partitioning among trees growing on carbonate rock in a subtropical region of Guangxi, China

It is not clear how the water sources are used by trees in typical karst areas of Guangxi, China. Trees growing on rigid carbonate rock can primarily use spring water, precipitation-recharged soil water or a mixture of the two. In this study, the Nongla karst dynamic monitoring station in the southwest of Guangxi, China, was observed. To determine the water sources accessed by trees growing on rigid carbonate rock, seasonal change of isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O and δ D) in twig sap, soil water, rainfall and spring water were measured. Stem water samples plotted to the right of the meteoric water line indicates utilization of water sources subject to evaporative isotopic enrichment. Trees growing on rigid carbonate rock in the southwest of China used rainfall directly in the rainy season. Adult trees tended to use deeper water stored in the epikarst zone, while the young ones used soil water when precipitation decreased. In the dry season, all trees sampled depend mostly on water stored in the epikarst zone. Spring water was the major water source for all of the tree species investigated in the dry season. In conclusion, these data indicate that trees growing on rigid carbonate rock in southwest China depend mostly on water stored in the epikarst zone. Therefore, water storage in the epikarst zone is the essential water source for trees growing on carbonate rock in southwest China.