祁连山构造地貌特征:青藏高原东北缘晚新生代构造变形和地貌演化过程的启示

祁连山地区作为青藏高原向北东方向扩展生长的前缘地区之一,对构造地貌发育特征及其控制因素研究是理解青藏高原东北缘晚新生代构造变形过程的重要内容之一。通过地形坡度、起伏度以及河流纵剖面分析,研究揭示出祁连山高坡度、高陡度的造山带边缘山系及高海拔、低起伏山间盆地发育地貌特征。结合区域隆升、侵蚀速率研究表明,祁连山山脉边缘部分山系发育接近平衡状态,而河流裂点的广泛发育进一步表明整个祁连山山脉地区的地貌特征,特别是河流地貌发育仍然处于瞬时(transient)状态。通过对比祁连山山脉10个不同背景下的流域盆地,发现无论是内流水系,还是外流水系,流域上游地区均发育有低起伏、低坡度的山间盆地,这一特征表明控制祁连山内部发育平坦地形的因素并非取决于是内流还是外流水系,而可能主要受控于河流水系搬运能力的强弱。除此之外,通过对比祁连山地区盆地形态研究表明,西北侧的狭长、平行盆地主要受控于阿尔金断裂走滑应变在祁连山地区的缩短吸收,而东南侧的菱形盆地则受控于海原、东昆仑左旋走滑断裂带及其次级鄂拉山、日月山右旋走滑断裂所夹持的块体。以现有流域盆地宽度与面积之间的关系为基础,我们初步推测了祁连山造山带西北侧的构造缩短量大致为61km,对应整个祁连山的缩短率大致为17%,与祁连山南侧区域结果相当。当然,考虑到祁连山东南侧大通河流域区的缩短量与周边研究的差异,我们不能排除祁连山造山带早期的构造缝合线或先存断裂对部分流域的线性排列也起到了一定的控制作用。     

CMA-SH9在川渝地区的降水日变化预报效果评估

利用CMA-SH9模式逐小时降水预报数据和地面自动站-CMORPH卫星融合降水数据,开展该模式对2020年暖季（5~9月）川渝地区降水日变化的预报效果评估。结果表明：CMA-SH9模式可以再现小时平均降水量在四川盆地偏小、盆地周边陡峭地形处偏大的空间分布特征;显著的预报正偏差分布于青藏高原东坡至四川盆地西南部一带和四川盆地以东地区,偏差来自降水频率和降水强度的共同贡献;预报负偏差分布于四川盆地,主要来自模式对降水强度的低估;降水日变化峰值时间自西向东呈午夜到上午的滞后,模式预报的降水日变化峰值时间超前于观测;模式能够较好地把握青藏高原东坡至四川盆地西南部一带和四川盆地的单峰型日变化位相,以及盆地以东地区的双峰型日变化位相,但预报的降水量值和观测存在一定偏差。     

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比

辽西义县组与冀北大店子组、西瓜园组的对比关系一直存有分歧.综合分析前人生物地层学资料,并结合同位素年代学,提出老公沟层、业南沟层、尖山沟层和冀北滦平盆地大店子组1~2段及3~4段下部相当,大康堡层可与大店子组3~4段上部对比,金刚山层与西瓜园组大致相当.     

中更新世以来西菲律宾海上层水体结构演化特征——来自钙质超微化石Florisphaeraprofunda的证据

MD06-3050岩芯位于西菲律宾海吕宋岛以东本哈姆高原,利用钙质超微化石下透光带种属Florisphaera profunda占总颗石的相对丰度,恢复了中更新世以来该海区的上层水体结构演化特征。结果显示,西菲律宾海区自1040ka以来,温跃层/营养跃层经历了由浅—深—浅—深的长周期变动,可能是由于全球碳库的长周期变化对气候系统的大规模调整所致; 同时温跃层/营养跃层也具有明显的冰期-间冰期旋回性特征。温跃层变动的另一个重要特征是在中布容事件前后呈现出相反的冰期-间冰期变化趋势,认为可能是由东亚冬、夏季风强度变化引起。     

面向地震巨灾保险的建筑特性快速提取方法

房屋建筑分类是抗震设计和地震风险分析的基础,是巨灾保险的纽带环节,也是结构易损性准确、完备分析的前驱保障,快速获取建筑特性参数非常关键。基于影像数据获取结构特性相比传统手段具有显著优势,然而其准确性具有一定挑战性,从影像数据得到实时的、较准确的结构特性成为地震保险数据获取技术的关注焦点。本文采用深度学习方法开展从影像数据中提取面向地震保险需求的建筑特性数据,构建基于深度学习方法的建筑高度识别模型和基于机器视觉的建筑高度识别方法,运用基于Xception神经网络深度学习和机器视觉的模型,对北京地区的建筑高度进行模型测试,该方法可为地震保险分析提供重要的基础数据支持。     

Vertical vibration of a rigid strip footing on viscoelastic half-space

This paper presents an analytical method for modeling the dynamic response of a rigid strip footing subjected to vertical-only loads. The footing is assumed to rest on the surface of a viscoelastic half-space; therefore, effects of hysteretic soil damping on the impedance of the foundation and the generated ground vibrations are considered in the solution. To solve the mixed boundary value problem, we use the Fourier transform to cast a pair of dual integral equations providing contact stresses, which are solved by means of Jacobi orthogonal polynomials. The resulting soil and footing displacements and stresses are obtained by means of the Fourier inverse transform. The solution provides more realistic estimates of footing impedance, compared to existing solutions for elastic soil, as well as of the attenuation of ground vibrations with distance of the footing. The latter is important for the estimation of machine vibration effects on nearby structures and installations.     

Investigation of the elevation of saltwater wedge due to subsurface dams

Subsurface dams are rather effective and used for the prevention of saltwater intrusion in coastal regions around the world. We carried out the laboratory experiments to investigate the elevation of saltwater wedge after the construction of subsurface dams. The elevation of saltwater wedge refers to the upward movement of the downstream saltwater wedge because the subsurface dams obstruct the regional groundwater flow and reduce the freshwater discharge. Consequently, the saltwater wedge cannot further extend in the longitudinal direction but rises in the vertical profile resulting in significant downstream aquifer salinization. In order to quantitatively address this issue, field-scale numerical simulations were conducted to explore the influence of various dam heights, distances, and hydraulic gradients on the elevation of saltwater wedge. Our investigation shows that the upward movement of the saltwater wedge and its areal extension in the vertical domain of the downstream aquifer become more severe with a higher dam and performed a great dependence on the freshwater discharge. Furthermore, the increase of the hydraulic gradient and the dam distance from the sea boundary leads to a more pronounced wedge elevation. This phenomenon comes from the variation of the freshwater discharge due to the modification of dam height, location, and hydraulic gradient. Large freshwater discharge can generate greater repulsive force to restrain the elevation of saltwater wedge. These conclusions provide theoretical references for the behaviour of the freshwater–seawater interface after the construction of subsurface dams and help optimize the design strategy to better utilize the coastal groundwater resources.