用于测量圆顶视宁度的微温脉动仪的研制

为评价云南天文台丽江2.4m望远镜的圆顶视宁度,研制了一种能测量温度、气压和微温脉动的仪器。在天文圆顶附近,望远镜前方光路上,放置几组微温传感器,可以测得圆顶附近影响天文观测的湍流强度的分布情况。介绍了这套仪器的基本原理,电路设计,程序设计,实验定标以及一个简单的测试。     

棘皮动物线粒体基因组的基因重排、分子标记及系统发生分析

棘皮动物(echinoderms)是海洋生境中所特有的无脊椎动物重要类群,本文全面比较分析了棘皮动物29个物种的线粒体全基因组。线粒体基因组主编码基因的分析结果显示,海胆纲Echinoidea和海参纲Holothuroidea物种的基因排列完全相同;海星纲Asteroidea物种之间的基因排列也完全相同,然而与海胆纲、海参纲相比,存在一个长片段的倒位。海百合纲Crinoidea的栉羽星Phanogenia gracilis和花形羽枝Florometra serratissima主编码基因的基因排列完全相同,地中海海羊齿和海百合Neogymnocrinus richeri与此相比,均存在一个蛋白质编码基因(nad4L)的易位。蛇尾纲Ophiuroidea真蛇尾目Ophiurida的3个科(阳遂足科Amphiuridae、辐蛇尾科Ophiactidae和栉蛇尾科Ophiocomidae)主编码基因的基因排列完全相同,而同属于真蛇尾目,另外一个科(真蛇尾科Ophiuridae)的白色真蛇尾Ophiura albida和灰色真蛇尾Ophiura lutkeni,与同目的前3个科相比,存在3个蛋白质编码基因(nad1、nad2和cob)的倒位。蛇尾纲蔓蛇尾目Euryalida的海盘Astrospartus mediterraneus,与真蛇尾目5个线粒体基因组相比,存在主编码基因的重排。棘皮动物线粒体单基因的变异位点特征显示,nad5、nad4和nad2基因是理想的分子标记基因。基于29个线粒体基因组的氨基酸序列,通过两种方法(邻接法和最大似然法)所构建系统发生树的拓扑结构完全一致。支持其下分的5个纲(蛇尾纲、海参纲、海胆纲、海星纲和海百合纲)均为单系群。线粒体基因组的数据支持棘皮动物动物在纲层次的亲缘关系为:(((海胆纲+海星纲)+海参纲)+蛇尾纲)+海百合纲,海百合纲作为棘皮动物中最为古老的类群,位于系统发生树的根部。基于线粒体基因组构建的系统发生树,支持所有的科均为单系群;综合系统发生树及主编码基因的基因重排分析,均支持真蛇尾目并非单系发生,真蛇尾目的有效性还值得今后深入研究。     

Accelerating Oil and Gas Exploration in Western China by Studies of Formations of Hydrocarbon Accumulations in Superimposed Basins—A Preface

<正>The superimposed basins in the western region of China are a hot research topic for earth scientists home and abroad for their vast area and rich oil and gas resources.Their complex geological conditions and resultant great exploration difficulties have received much attention of the scientists.This issue presents the advances of several scholars in their long-term research on the mechanisms of oil and gas accumulation and the patterns of oil and gas distribution.These studies are part of the National 973 Project entitled "Mechanism of Oil and Gas Accumulation and     

Rapid Identification and Emergency Investigation of Surface Ruptures and Geohazards Induced by the M_s 7.1 Yushu Earthquake

<正>The rapid identification based on InSAR technology was proved to be effective in our emergency investigation of surface ruptures and geohazards induced by the Yushu earthquake.The earthquake-generating fault of the Yushu earthquake is the Yushu section of the Garze-Yushu faults zone.It strikes NWW-NW,23 km long near the Yushu County seat,dominated by left-lateral strike slip,and appearing as a surface rupture zone.The macroscopic epicenter is positioned at Guo-yang-yan -song-duo of Gyegu Town(33°03'11"N,96°51'26"E),where the co-seismic horizontal offset measured is 1.75 m.Geohazards induced by the Yushu earthquake are mainly rockfalls,landslides,debris flows, and unstable slopes.They are controlled by the earthquake-generating fault and are mostly distributed along it.There are several geohazard chains having been established,such as earthquake,canal damage,soil liquefying,landslide-debris flow,earthquake,soil liquefying,roadbed deformation,etc.In order to prevent seismic hazards,generally,where there is a visible surface rupture induced by the Yushu earthquake,reconstruction should be at least beyond 20 m,on each side,from it.Sufficient attention should also be given to potential geohazards or geohazard chains induced by the earthquake.     

Geological Evolution of Longhushan World Geopark in Relation to Global Tectonics

The South China fold belt has experienced a complex series of tectonic events that span 1.0 billion years of earth history. Longhushan (龙虎山) World Geopark is located on the Proterozoic suture between the Yangtze craton and Cathyasia block and highlights the long history of this belt. Collision of the Cathyasia and Yangtze cratons 1.0 billion years ago was associated with the formation of the Rodinian supercontinent where most of the planet's landmasses were amalgamated into one block. Jurassic through Early...     

REE and Sr-Nd Isotope Geochemistry for Yixian Fluorite Deposit,Western Liaoning Province,China,and Its Geological Implications

Up to now,there were no systematic studies of geochemistry and isotopic age for the Yixian(义县) fluorite deposit,western Liaoning(辽宁) Province,China.Based on the analysis of metallogenic geological setting,we studied the REE,Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes.The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of fluorite are characterized by moderate LREE depletion(LREE/HREE=0.95-3.57,(La/Yb)N=0.08-2.84) and enrichment of Sr(146×10-6-596×10-6) and moderately positive Eu anomalies(δEu=1.10-1.34),which are similar to those of the ho...     

三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山同沉积断层的沉积、储层响应

对于断裂带在地质历史时期活动特点的认识,因多期次、不同活动性质的叠加改造而难以确定。以四川盆地南部嘉陵江组为例,通过三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山断裂带两侧的沉积、储层的研究发现沉积、储层响应与断面倾向南东、东侧下降的观点矛盾。主要表现为:在非浅滩化的嘉三期,紧邻断裂带西北侧的下降盘地层异常增厚;浅滩化的嘉一晚期—嘉二1期,东南侧的泸州古隆起地区颗粒岩累计厚度较西北侧增厚;另外,断层东南侧的颗粒岩发育早期岩溶型储层,而在西北侧这类储层欠发育。结果表明在三叠纪嘉陵江期华蓥山断裂带的断面倾向北西,为西侧下降的同沉积正断层。     

藏北日土县拉竹龙地区志留系

根据在西藏西北部日土县拉竹龙地区重新测量了西藏区调大队1984年所测的两个地层剖面——饮水河北岸剖面和兽形湖北岸剖面,在原来定为上奥陶统兽形湖组的底部发现了一套含笔石和几丁石化石的黑色页岩和炭质板岩,其中笔石Pristiograptus和几丁石Ancyrochitina brevicollis、Conochitina sp.为志留系兰多维列统Tely-chian阶的标准分子。同时在兽形湖组中也发现了大量兰多维列世的腕足类化石Hindella xizangensis和竹节石Gotlandellites sp.。证明了拉竹龙地区饮水河北岸和兽形湖北岸两个剖面均未出现真正的奥陶纪地层。通过所采集到的笔石、几丁石、腕足类、三叶虫、头足类、牙形刺、竹节石、珊瑚、遗迹化石的准确鉴定,重新修订了本地区志留系的划分和地层序列:自下而上依次为以笔石相为代表的兰多维列统饮水河组,以碎屑岩相为代表的兰多维列统兽形湖组,以碳酸盐沉积为主的文洛克统普尔错组和以碳酸盐岩相为主的罗德洛统至普里道利统野牛坡组。本区志留系目前发现的最低层位相当于兰多维列统Telychian阶的笔石带Spirograptusturriculatus带和Streptograptus crispus带,最高层位相当于欧洲和藏南壳相志留系的最高一个头足类化石带Kopaninoceras juncudum带或牙形刺组合Neoprioniodus latidentatus-Ligonodina siluria组合。     

碳酸盐岩碳同位素地层学研究中数据的有效性

碳酸盐岩碳稳定同位素组成数据能否有效地反应原始大洋的同位素组成是稳定同位素地层学研究成败的关键,因此,如何准确地判断碳同位素比值的有效性成为该稳定同位素地层学研究中的焦点问题之一。碳同位素值有效性受成岩作用、地层缺失、样品处理过程等多方面因素影响,但成岩作用是诸多因素中最普遍、最主要的,因而正确判别碳同位素值可靠性通常也就是对样品及其同位素组成经受成岩改造程度的评定。确保碳同位素测试结果可靠应主要把握前期严格选样和后期数据分析两个重要环节。前期选样包括野外和室内两步,是在宏观尺度上对数据可靠性的把握;后期数据分析则主要是在严格选样的基础上,利用碳(及附带的氧)同位素自身数据特征以及借助Mn、Fe、Sr等微量元素特征从元素级别的微观角度对同位素值有效性做出进一步判别。     

塔里木盆地寒武系层状硅质岩与硅化岩的元素、δ30Si、δ18O地球化学研究

塔里木盆地寒武系发育层状硅质岩和硅化岩,层状硅质岩主要发育于塔东下寒武统深水沉积相区;硅化岩发育于塔东上寒武统斜坡沉积区与西部台地区寒武系白云岩中。根据显微结构特征,可将硅化岩分为放射状硅化岩与交代残余结构硅化岩两种。分析结果表明,层状硅质岩在Al—Fe-Mn三元图中位于正常海水沉积硅质岩区内,在微量元素平均地壳标准化图解上显示平缓右倾的特征;层状硅质岩Si同位素组成护。δ30Si为0．99‰～1．4‰,O同位素组成δ18O为21．4‰～24．4‰,与沉积型硅质岩相吻合,指示了正常海水沉积成因。硅化岩区别于层状硅质岩的典型特征是具有高U异常的特征;罗西斜坡放射状硅化岩具有较高的微量元素和稀土元素含量（∑REE为18．8～96．9μg／g）与较低的Si、O同位素值（δ18O和δ30Si值分别为15．8‰和1．7‰）;西部台地区交代残余结构硅化岩具有较低微量元素和稀土元素含量（∑REE为0．58～2．61μg／g）与较高的δ30Si（1．0‰～3．8‰）、δ18O（21．6‰～27．0‰）值特征。盆地东西部硅化岩的地球化学差异可能与硅化流体的温度差异有关,罗西斜坡放射状硅化岩硅化温度相对更高;另一方面,硅化过程对h430SiO4选择性较高,因而形成的交代石英具有较高的铲勘值。根据古城4井硅化岩包裹体均一温度与交代石英的O同位素值计算得到交代流体的δ18O值为9．1‰,该值与酸性岩浆水的δ18O值相似,指示了硅化流体可能来自于岩浆或变质水;以δ18O值（9．1‰）作为西部台地区硅化流体的O同位素值,计算得到西部台地区硅化岩硅化流体温度为101．3～158．5℃。根据石英O同位素温度计计算的硅化流体温度呈东高西低的趋势,指示了硅化流体可能来自台地东部。