Stellar and galactic environment survey (SAGE)

This paper describes a proposed high resolution soft X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectroscopy mission to carry out a survey of Stellar and Galactic Environments (SAGE). The payload is based on novel diffraction grating technology which has already been proven in a sub-orbital space mission and which is ready to fly on a satellite platform with minimal development. Much of the technical detail of the instrumentation has been reported elsewhere and we concentrate our discussion here on the scientific goals of a SAGE base-line mission, demonstrating the scientific importance of high resolution spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet for the study of stars and the local interstellar medium.     

Stellar And Galactic Environment survey (SAGE)

This paper describes a proposed high resolution soft X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet spectroscopy mission to carry out a survey of Stellar and Galactic Environments (SAGE). The payload is based on novel diffraction grating technology which has already been proven in a sub-orbital space mission and which is ready to fly on a satellite platform with minimal development. We discuss the goals of a SAGE base-line mission and demonstrate the scientific importance of high resolution spectroscopy in the Extreme Ultraviolet for the study of stars and the local interstellar medium.     

Clashing strategic cultures and climate policy

Abstract

Kagan (2002) argues that the different responses of Europeans and Americans to major strategic and international challenges is not simply due to differences in the current administrations, but rather results from (i) a power gap and (ii) differing ideologies. This article applies Kagan's theory to climate policy, employing terrorism policy as a point of comparison. We argue that the power gap between Europe and America is unable to explain the differences in climate policy. In contrast, the ideology gap may indeed have some explanatory value. Furthermore, we argue that one additional feature is critical—the costs and benefits imposed by climate change and terrorism prevention, and the process by which such costs and benefits are evaluated, differ between America and Europe.     

The destruction of the past: Nonrenewable cultural resources

Destruction of cultural resources has increased dramatically in the last quarter of the 20th century as a result of two forces: first, development and construction, and second, the astonishing explosion of demand for primitive and prehistoric art. On the cover: Rock art of the Mimbres Culture at the Pony Hills site in south-west New Mexico. Similar rock art nearby has been destroyed by pistol shots or chipped out and illegally sold. Photo by Andrew Gulliford, Public History Program, Middle Tennessee State University.For the purposes of Legacy, the term cultural resource refers to both archeological and architectural resources. For archaeology, it includes, but is not limited to, traditions, lifeways, cultural and religious practices, and other institutions to which a community, neighborhood, Native American tribe, or other group ascribes cultural significance, together with any artifacts and real property associated with such elements. For architecture, it includes, but is not limited to, buildings, sites, districts, structures, or objects, landscapes, and vistas. In addition, the term encompasses historic documents and relics.     

Coals of Canada: Distribution and compositional characteristics

Canada's coal resources occur in 16 sedimentary basins or groups of basins and range in age from Devonian to Tertiary. The Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB), which contains the vast majority (about 90%) of the nation's coal resources of immediate interest, underlies a large area in the provinces of British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, extending northward to about the 62nd Parallel in Yukon and Northwest Territories. Coal deposits in the WCSB range in age from Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) to Paleocene. Rank ranges from lignite to semianthracite. About 36% of the total estimated 71,000 megatonnes of resources of immediate interest in the WCSB is bituminous coal, including a high proportion in the medium to low volatile range. Their low sulphur contents and acceptable ash levels make these medium and low volatile bituminous coals attractive 3s coking feedstocks and large quantities are mined for that purpose. The lower rank western Canadian coals are used mainly for electricity generation.Significant resources of bituminous coal occur in the coalfields of Atlantic Canada where they have been mined since 1720. Most of these coals are classed as high volatile A bituminous and most are used for power generation. Large resources of coal (lignite to anthracite) also occur in more remote regions of Canada, such as the Bowser Basin in northwestern British Columbia, and Sverdrup Basin/ Franklinian Geosyncline in the Arctic Islands. Information on distribution and compositional attributes of these frontier region coals is commonly scarce.     

Dense Spot Coverage and Polar Caps on SV Cam

We have used spectrophotometric data from nine Hubble Space Telescope orbits to eclipse-map the primary component of the RS CVn binary SV Cam. From these observations and its HIPPARCOS parallax we find that the surface flux in the eclipsed low-latitude region is about 30 % lower than computed from the best fitting PHOENIX model atmosphere. This flux deficit can only be accounted for if about a third of the primary's surface is covered with unresolved spots. Even when we extend the spottedness from the eclipsed region to the entire surface, there still remains an unaccounted flux deficit. This remaining flux deficit is explained by the presence of a large polar spot extending down to latitude 42 ±6 °.Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow