Methods of Hierarchical Control of Water Quality Taking into Account Manipulations of the Center and Countermoves of Enterprises

Methods of hierarchical control including manipulations of a Center and the countermove of enterprises are considered using as an example a dynamic two-level model of river water quality control in the presence of point pollution sources and in the absence of nonpoint sources.     

The Preboreal climate reversal and a subsequent solar‐forced climate shift

Accurate chronologies are essential for linking palaeoclimate archives. Carbon‐14 wiggle‐match dating was used to produce an accurate chronology for part of an early Holocene peat sequence from the Borchert (The Netherlands). Following the Younger Dryas–Preboreal transition, two climatic shifts could be inferred. Around 11 400 cal. yr BP the expansion of birch (Betula) forest was interrupted by a dry continental phase with dominantly open grassland vegetation, coeval with the PBO (Preboreal Oscillation), as observed in the GRIP ice core. At 11 250 cal. yr BP a sudden shift to a humid climate occurred. This second change appears to be contemporaneous with: (i) a sharp increase of atmospheric ¹⁴C; (ii) a temporary decline of atmospheric CO₂; and (iii) an increase in the GRIP ¹⁰Be flux. The close correspondence with excursions of cosmogenic nuclides points to a decline in solar activity, which may have forced the changes in climate and vegetation at around 11 250 cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geochronological evidence for late‐Grenvillian magmatic and metamorphic events in central Taimyr,northern Siberia*

U–Th–Pb analyses of zircons from six granites and one metasediment collected in the accretionary Central belt of Taimyr, Arctic Siberia, demonstrate that Neoproterozoic (c. 900 Ma) granites intrude late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic amphibolite facies metamorphic rocks. This is the first time in the Mamont–Shrenk region that Neoproterozoic ages have been recognized for these lithologies, previously thought to be Archaean/Palaeoproterozoic in age. The Mamont–Shrenk Terrane (MST) represents a Grenvillian age (micro?) continent intercalated with younger Neoproterozoic ophiolites during thrusting and accreted to the northern margin of the Siberian craton sometime before the late Vendian. Basement to the MST may have been derived from the Grenvillian belt of east Greenland. Viable tectonic reconstructions must allow for an active margin along northern Siberia (modern day coordinates) in the middle Neoproterozoic.     

Geology on the moons of Uranus

In January 1986 the spaceprobe Voyager-2 revealed details of the surfaces of the icy satellites of Uranus for the first time, including grabens, other faulted features, impact craters and possible ice flows. Despite their apparent similarity to some of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, they highlight many new questions as to the evolution of, and interactions between, such bodies.     

Direct mid-IR images of Gl 2591,W51-IRS2 and S140

We present the results of direct mid-IR images of the luminous young stellar objects GL 2591, S140-IRS1, and W51-IRS2. The sources show an extended mid-IR emission at the limit of our spatial resolution indicating the presence of dense circumstellar dust disks.     

A NEW“TETRASPORANGIAL”SPECIES OF LIAGORA(RHODOPHYTA,NEMALIALES)FROM HAWAIT

A new species of Liagora,L.perennis sp.nov.from Hawai’i,is described.Unlike dpecies of this genus in China,it is carpotetrasporangial,and at the place of expected carposporangia bears cruciately di-vided tetrasporangia,a detail which differentiates it from the usual species of Liagora without tetraspores that have been reported in China.Notes are provided on other Liagora species that have an impact on the taxonomy of species found in China.     

The Relationship of Green-Line Transients to White-Light Coronal Mass Ejections

We report observations by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the SOHO spacecraft of three coronal green-line transients that could be clearly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) detected in Thomson-scattered white light. Two of these events, with speeds >25 km s^-1, may be classified as ‘whip-like’ transients. They are associated with the core of the white-light CMEs, identified with erupting prominence material, rather than with the leading edge of the CMEs. The third green-line transient has a markedly different appearance and is more gradual than the other two, with a projected outward speed <10 km s^-1. This event corresponds to the leading edge of a ‘streamer blowout’ type of CME. A dark void is left behind in the emission-line corona following each of the fast eruptions. Both fast emission-line transients start off as a loop structure rising up from close to the solar surface. We suggest that the driving mechanism for these events may be the emergence of new bipolar magnetic regions on the surface of the Sun, which destabilize the ambient corona and cause an eruption. The possible relationship of these events to recent X-ray observations of CMEs is briefly discussed. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004981125702