Geology and vein tin mineralization in the Dadoushan deposit,Gejiu district,SW China

Vein-type tin mineralization in the Dadoushan deposit, Laochang ore field, Gejiu district, SW China, is predominantly hosted in Triassic carbonate rocks (Gejiu Formation) over cupolas of the unexposed Laochang equigranular granite intrusion. The most common vein mineral is tourmaline, accompanied by skarn minerals (garnet, diopside, epidote, phlogopite) and beryl. The main ore mineral is cassiterite, accompanied by minor chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite, as well as scheelite. The tin ore grade varies with depth, with the highest grades (~1.2 % Sn) prevalent in the lower part of the vein zone. Muscovite ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating yielded a plateau age of 82.7 ± 0.7 Ma which defines the age of the vein-type mineralization. Measured sulfur isotope compositions (δ ³⁴S = −4.1 to 3.9 ‰) of the sulfides (arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite) indicate that the sulfur in veins is mainly derived from a magmatic source. The sulfur isotope values of the ores are consistent with those from the underlying granite (Laochang equigranular granite, −3.7 to 0.1 ‰) but are different from the carbonate wall rocks of the Gejiu Formation (7.1 to 11.1 ‰). The calculated and measured oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the ore-forming fluids (δ ¹⁸O_H2O = −2.4 to 5.5 ‰, δD = −86 to −77 ‰) suggest an initially magmatic fluid which gradually evolved towards meteoric water during tin mineralization.     

冰川/积雪-大气相互作用研究进展

冰川和积雪是冰冻圈的重要组成部分,在全球或区域气候系统中起着极其重要的作用.开展冰川/积雪-大气相互作用研究,是研究冰冻圈物理过程及其对气候系统反馈作用的必然需求,也是研究冰川/积雪对气候变化响应的有效手段,同时还可为全球(区域)气候和水文模式提供冰川/积雪面的地表特征参数.近一个世纪以来,在冰川/积雪面辐射特征、能量通量计算方法和平衡特征等方面开展了许多观测试验和理论研究,并取得了卓有成效的研究结果.但是在准确获取辐射通量、研发普适性较强的反照率参数化方案、复杂地形条件下能量通量的计算,以及发展分布式能量平衡模式等方面尚存在许多不确定性,仍面临许多技术难点,也是未来的研究重点.     

3-D Geological Modeling–Concept, Methods and Key Techniques

3-D geological modeling plays an increasingly important role in Petroleum Geology, Mining Geology and Engineering Geology. The complexity of geological conditions requires different modeling methods in different situations. This paper summarizes the general concept of geological modeling; compares the characteristics of borehole-based modeling, cross-section based modeling and multi-source interactive modeling; analyses key techniques in 3-D geological modeling; and highlights the main difficulties and directions of future studies.     

Geochemical anomaly structure of South Mining District of Fenghuangshan Copper Mine

To study the geochemical anomaly structure of multi-element associations in the South Mining District of the Fenghuangshan Copper Mine,samples were collected and analyzed for their trace element contents.Multi-element anomaly associations were divided according to the correlations between Cu and each of the other elements,and the distribution characteristics of multi-element anomaly associations were also described.Among them,the anomaly distribution of metallogenic element Cu indicates the environment of mineralization.This study provided the basis for research on the metallogenic prediction and geochemistry of the Fenghuangshan Copper Mine.     

川南观音场-瓦市地区须家河组六段储层特征及其控制因素

通过对4条野外剖面、40口并岩心样品及84张薄片的观察和测井等资料的分析,对川南观音场一瓦市地区须六段的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、孔隙结构及孔渗特征等进行了深入研究。结果表明：川南地区须六段岩性主要为中-细粒长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑石英砂岩,孔隙度在6％～10％之间,平均孔隙度为7．3％。渗透率为0．03×10^-3μm^2～0．9×1010^-3μm^2平均渗透率为0．177×1010^-3μm^2储层属于典型的低孔低渗储层,储集空间主要为粒间孔和粒内溶孔。在平面上,储层物性受沉积相带的控制;在垂向上,随深度的增加,压实作用和胶结作用使物性急剧变差。绿泥石的环边胶结作用、长石的溶蚀作用对储层物性起建设性作用,构造作用极大地改善了储层的物性。     

基于分数阶Fourier变换的声波测井全波列特征时频分析

目前,阵列声波测井信号处理大多在时间域或频率域中进行。但是,单纯的时间域或频率域方法有很大的局限性。为了打破这些局限性,笔者将分数阶Fourier变换方法用于阵列声波测井信号的分析之中,研究了不同性质储集层中信号幅度随分数阶Fourier变换阶数变化的规律。实验结果表明:在干层,幅度呈"1"型分布;在水层,幅度呈"Y"型分布,"Y"的两支开口较小,在阶数大于0.3的区域中,幅度较大;在油层,幅度呈"Y"型分布,"Y"的两支开口较大,在阶数大于0.6的区域中,幅度较大。因此,分数阶Fourier变换在提取阵列声波测井蕴含的储集层流体性质信息方面具有很好的前景。     

内蒙古李清地-大西沟地区钼矿化的发现及找矿意义

内蒙古李清地-大西沟地区位于华北地台北缘大青山金银多金属成矿带的东段,多年来一直认为该区仅有银铅锌矿.2010年在进行《内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市大西沟银铅锌多金属矿普查》时,首次在该区ZK141钻孔中的二长花岗岩内发现达到工业品位的钼、钼铅锌矿体.矿体虽薄,意义重大.尤其是近年来在普查区的西边和东边,相继有卓资县大苏计钼矿、兴和县曹四夭超大型钼矿的发现,进一步肯定该区有形成以斑岩系列Mo-AgPbZn-Au为主的多金属矿床的可能.     

Assessment of changes in the area of the water conservation forest in the Qilian Mountains of China’s Gansu province, and the effects on water conservation

The Qilian Mountains water conservation forest in Gansu province is an important ecological barrier surrounding the oasis in China’s Hexi Corridor. The water they provide is the basis for the existence and sustainable socioeconomic development of those oases. As a result of unsustainable use of the water conservation forest until the 1980s, the oasis ecosystems of the Hexi region were seriously damaged, and the oasis areas experienced deterioration of their ecological environment. In this paper, Landsat images were used to monitor the temporal and spatial changes in area of water conservation in Qilian Mountains of China’s Gansu province and to assess the effect on water conservation by analyzed relationship between water conservation forest area, climatic data and hydrological data. The results showed that the forest covered 15.1% of the study area in 2007 and has followed different trends during the study period. From 1978 to 1990, the forest area decreased; however, from 1990 to 2007, the forest area increased, with a faster rate of increase from 1990 to 2000, and the rate of increase averaged 2,733.89 ha per year since 1990. The water conservation forest appears to play an important role in flood control, runoff regulation, the prevention of soil erosion, and water conservation; and these benefits increase with an increasing area of forest.     

基于SIFT特征配准的多帧迭代盲解卷积算法

在未配准的情况下,多帧图像解卷积算法不能发挥其利用多帧图像信息互补的优势,针对这种情况,本文将基于SIFT特征配准的算法引入多帧图像解卷积算法中,这一做法克服了各帧影像之间相同位置不同细节像素之间的影响,有效地提高了复原图像的质量。实际观测数据的复原结果证明了本文思想的正确性,配准后图像的复原结果更加清晰,且体现出观测目标更多的细节信息。     

Shell model representation as a substitute of LoD3 for 3D modeling in CityGML

The OGC standard for 3D city modeling is widely used in an increasing number of applications.It defines five consecutive Levels of Detail(LoD0 to LoD4 with increasing accuracy and structural complexity),in which LoD3 includes all exterior appearances and geometrical details and subsequently requires much storage space.A new LoD is introduced as shell model with the exterior shell of the LoD3 model and the opening objects like windows,doors as well as smaller faade objects are projected onto walls.In this paper,a user survey is presented.The results of this survey show that the shell model can give users almost the same visual impression as the LoD3 model.Furthermroe,algorithms are developed to extract the shell model from LoD3 model.Experiments show that this shell model can reduce up to 90% storage of the original LoD3 model.Therefore,on one hand it can be used as a substitute for a LoD3 model for the visualization on small displays.On the other hand,it can be treated as a sub-level of detail(SLoD3) in CityGML,since it retains almost the same amount of information but requires much less storage space.