基于马尔可夫模型预测长汀县土地利用动态变化

以福建省长汀县为研究对象,利用1995年、2005年的遥感图像,运用RS和GIS技术分析了用动态变化过程以及土地利用各类型之间的相互转化情况。在此基础上,求得研究区土地利用的转移矩阵,据此分析了长汀县1995年-2005年间土地利用动态变化的空间过程。同时运用马尔可夫模型对2015和2025年的土地利用动态变化及演变趋势预测进行了分析,得出长汀县内土地利用变化情况。     

广东一次补充型冷空气过程分析

本文通过对2001年1月的一次强冷空气过程分析，总结出在500hPa南槽北脊高低纬反位相配置形势下，不利于冷空气南下越时南岭，低层冷空气只能在南岭北侧堆积，但当冷空气堆积到南岭两侧温差超过10℃以上，南岭以北的冷空气积聚已达临界值，一次不太强的冷空气补充也会使冷空气冲破南岭屏障，这时影响广东的冷空气已经是前几次叠加，强度明显加强。     

顶板高位定向钻孔在青龙煤矿瓦斯治理中的应用

顶板高位定向钻孔是进行上隅角瓦斯治理的关键技术措施。针对青龙煤矿顶板裂隙瓦斯治理需要及复杂顶板高位定向钻孔成孔难题,阐述了顶板高位定向钻孔的技术原理和技术优势;基于“三带”理论综合确定了高位定向钻孔的层位,并优化钻具组合和钻进工艺参数。在青龙煤矿11615工作面完成5个顶板高位定向钻孔的施工,最大孔深达到612 m,单孔最大瓦斯纯流量达到2.79 m3/min,瓦斯浓度达到23.4%,有效地保证了工作面的安全回采。     

三峡大坝运行后长江中下游流域气温与植被变化特征及原因分析

基于长江中下游流域120个气象站点1971-2015年日值气温数据,2006-2015年ERA-Interim土壤湿度再分析资料和2006-2015年MODIS卫星遥感植被指数产品MOD13A3,研究了在考虑全球变暖背景下,长江中下游流域春、夏、秋、冬4个季节平均气温在三峡大坝运行前后的变化,采用百分比阈值方法量化最高和最低气温并进行MK突变检验,并分析三峡大坝运行后的长江中下游流域四季土壤湿度和增强型植被指数（EVI）的变化。结果表明：长江中下游流域四季平均气温在三峡大坝运行以后出现明显变化,江南地区主要出现增温现象,江北地区主要出现降温现象;MK突变检验结果显示,江南地区的高温日和江北的低温日均在2006年左右发生突变,与三峡大坝完全运行的时间相符;长江中下游流域土壤湿度在三峡大坝运行后出现南湿北干的变化趋势;EVI在江南地区诸多区域出现显著增加趋势,其中冬季最突出（33.06%）,而江北地区诸多区域则出现显著减小趋势,其中夏季最明显（5.11%）,EVI与平均气温的空间变化在春、夏、冬3个季节显著相关。     

金家堡子地段岩体接触带深部延伸特征

岩体接触带为金家堡子地段主要的控矿构造,根据其走向与深部分布形态复杂的特征,选择音频大地电磁测深进行了深部地质构造的应用研究,通过资料综合对比分析,基本查明了岩体接触带的深部延伸特征以及与成矿关系密切的岩体凸起的分布范围,为区内铀矿勘查提供了基础资料。     

Deepwater Turbidite Lobe Deposits: A Review of the Research Frontiers

Deepwater/deep-marine turbidite lobes are the most distal part of a siliciclastic depositional system and hold the largest sediment accumulation on the seafloor. As many giant hydrocarbon provinces have been discovered within deepwater lobe deposits, they represent one of the most promising exploration targets for hydrocarbon industry. Deepwater exploration is characterized by high cost, high risk but insufficient data because of the deep/ultra–deepwater depth. A thorough understanding of the deepwater turbidite lobe architecture, hierarchy, stacking pattern and internal facies distribution is thus vital. Recently, detailed outcrop characterizations and high–resolution seismic studies have both revealed that the deepwater lobe deposits are characterized into four–fold hierarchical arrangements from "beds", to "lobe elements", to "lobes" and to "lobe complex". Quantitative compilations have shown that hierarchical components of lobe deposits have similar length to width ratios but different width to thickness ratios depending on different turbidite systems. At all hierarchical scales, sand–prone hierarchical lobe units are always separated by mud–prone bounding units except when the bounding units are eroded by their overlying lobe units thus giving rise to vertical amalgamation and connectivity. Amalgamations often occur at more proximal regions suggesting high flow energy. A mixed flow behavior may occur towards more distal regions, resulting in deposition of "hybrid event beds". These synthesized findings could(1) help understand the lobe reservoir distribution and compartmentalization therefore benefit the exploration and development of turbidite lobes within the deep marine basins(e.g. South China Sea) and(2) provide rules and quantitative constraints on reservoir modeling. In addition, the findings associated with deepwater turbidite lobes might be a good starting point to understand the sedimentology, architecture and hierarchy of turbidites in deep lacustrine environment.     

成矿后构造破坏对矿床勘查类型的影响及勘查类型系数优化

现行勘查规范中,主要依据五个地质因素划分勘查类型,其中构造复杂程度因素对划分勘查类型的影响权重约10%。通过对多个矿床勘查类型的分析以及勘查工作经验的总结,研究构造复杂程度对矿床勘查类型的影响,发现成矿后构造破坏程度对矿床勘查类型划分的影响可能被低估。本文以湘潭锰矿为例,该矿床具有成矿后构造复杂、对矿体的破坏大等特点,勘探时将其划分为第Ⅱ勘查类型,以相应的勘查工程网度进行勘查,未能有效控制矿体;如果充分认识成矿后构造复杂、对矿体破坏大的实际情况,提高构造破坏程度对矿床勘探类型划分的影响权重,湘潭锰矿就会被确定为第Ⅲ勘查类型,方可有效控制矿体,也更符合地质实际。本文尝试将构造复杂程度对划分勘查类型的影响权重增大至25%,其勘查类型系数由0.1~0.3调整为0.1~0.9,即第I、第Ⅱ、第Ⅲ勘查类型的五个地质因素类型系数之和分别由2.5~3.0、1.8~2.4、1.0~1.7调整为3.0~3.6、2.2~2.9、1.0~2。在更充分认识成矿后构造破坏程度对勘查类型的影响后,可进一步优化矿床勘查类型系数,更合理地确定矿床勘查类型,进而改进对矿床的控制程度和勘查程度的评价。     

Multistage amphiboles from the Galinge iron skarn deposit in Qiman Tagh,western China: evidence of igneous rocks replacement

Mineralogy and Petrology - Amphiboles from the Galinge skarn deposit, the largest iron (Fe) polymetallic skarn deposit in the Qiman Tagh metallogenic belt (western China), were formed by multistage...     

Mechanical Properties and Deformation and Failure Characteristics of Surrounding Rocks of Tunnels Excavated in Soft Rocks

As soft rocks are likely to soften, slime and swell while contacting water, the existence of soft rocks is harmful for stability of surrounding rocks and supporting structures of tunnels. Through uniaxial and triaxial tests under dry condition and triaxial test with different moisture contents, the mechanical properties and failure modes of soft rocks were studied under conditions that the schistosity plane of the rock samples was vertical to, presented an oblique angle with, and paralleled to the loading direction. The results showed that peak strengths in natural and water-bearing states increased with increasing confining pressures, while those in water-bearing state were 40% lower than those in natural state. The samples were mainly subjected to ductile failure in both natural and water-bearing states while the samples in natural state exhibited a certain brittle failure characteristic in post-peak phase. With the increase of confining pressures, the post-peak curve gradually became gentle after certain brittle failure while the post-peak stresses had an insignificant change. In comparison, the samples in water-bearing state showed significant post-peak disparity, that is, exhibited strong ductile failure characteristic. Moreover, the fitting relationship between triaxial compressive strength and moisture of soft rocks can be expresses as σ ₁ = Aω + B (A < 0, B > 0) while that between elasticity modulus and moisture can be expresses as E = Aω + B (A < 0, B > 0).     

Recent Advance and Prospects in the Structure and Thermal Elastic Properties of Lower Mantle Minerals

Lower mantle, ranging from 660 km to 2 890 km depth, occupies 49.2% of the Earth by mass and is at extremely high pressure and temperature conditions. Experimental studies on the physical properties of the lower mantle minerals, particular the structure, density, and sound velocity, etc., are important to understand the structure, composition, and dynamic behavior of the region. Here we summarize the recent experimental results on the structure and thermal equation of states of the lower mantle minerals, including bridgmanite, ferropericlase, CaSiO₃-perovskite, and silicate post-perovskite, and discuss the effect of pressure, temperature, composition, and Fe-spin transition on the density and bulk sound velocity of those minerals. This review aims to provide new insights into the lower-mantle structure and chemistry and help to understand the observed velocity anomalies in the lower mantle.