Influence of Headland Breakwaters on Morphological Processes at Longfengtou Beach in Haitan Bay,Facing the Taiwan Strait

Breakwaters can be used as artificial headlands in beach nourishment to mitigate coastal erosion. Longfengtou Beach, located on the southwest coast of Haitan Bay facing the Taiwan Strait on the northeast, suffers severe erosion, where the monsoon causes significant season hydrodynamic variations. Headland breakwaters are intended to be employed to mitigate coastal erosion. A 2D sediment transport model is established using MIKE21 based on current-wave coupling and calibrated by measured data. Summer and winter wave conditions are chosen as characteristic weak and strong waves respectively. The numerical results of suspended sediment concentration and seasonal morphological evolution are compared under the conditions with and without the headland breakwaters. Sediment transport in summer can be regarded as mainly determined by current field, while in winter wave effect is strong enough to change current field. The northern breakwater, nearly perpendicular to the ebb current direction, obstructs the currents and decreases velocity of the ebb currents, and confines the water carrying sediments within the protection area during the flood period. The southern breakwater also breaks the waves in advance and significantly reduces the hydrodynamic effects during the flood period and maintains high suspended sediment concentration in the protection area. In general, two headland breakwaters decrease the erosion near the beach and enlarge the deposition area, which play a significant role in prevention of sediment loss in nearshore area and mitigate coastal erosion.     

Ultimate strength assessment of hull structural plate with pitting corrosion damnification under biaxial compression

It is well known that pitting corrosion occurring on surface of hull structural plate will surely result in a significant degradation of the ultimate strength of the hull structural plate. This report aims at development of an assessing formula for ultimate strength of hull plate with pitting corrosion damage under the biaxial in-plane compression loading. The ultimate strength assessment model that is in terms of the corroded volume loss was deduced in theory, and which was then completed through numerical experiment by employing nonlinear finite element analyses for series of corroded plate models. Meanwhile, pitting corrosion in actual ship hull was analyzed and simulated, which ensured that all the assumptions for the finite element model parameters were in accord with the actual hull plate with pitting corrosion damage. Furthermore, the effects of plate slenderness, the linear factors at the plate edges and the ratio between the transverse and the longitudinal in-plane stresses on the ultimate strength reduction related to the corroded volume loss were discussed. The ultimate strength assessment formula being in terms of corroded volume loss developed in this research is expected to be applicable to assess the ultimate strength of the hull structural plate with pitting corrosion damage.     

极性分子型电流变液导电机理研究

极性分子型电流变液是一种新型的电流变材料.其介电颗粒上吸附极性分子,极性分子在颗粒间强局域电场作用下发生取向是产生巨电流变效应的关键.通过对Ca—Ti—O(CTO)体系极性分子型电流变液电流密度的测量发现,其导电行为遵从Poole-Frenkel效应的规律,这是极性分子型电流变液的重要特征之一.而500 ℃处理过的CTO粉体不含极性分子,所配制的电流变液无巨电流变效应,其电流密度随外电场强度近似地呈线性关系,显示出传统电流变液特性.     

深圳海域弧菌种类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系研究

研究了深圳海域2008年4月、9月的水体弧菌数量、种类组成及其分布,探讨了弧菌总数及各优势类群的数量分布与环境因子间的相关关系。结果表明:弧菌总数分布具有季节性,东部海域春季(4月)的弧菌数量高于秋季(9月)的,其均值分别为1.50×104,8.89×102CFU/cm3;在西部海域秋季的略高于春季的,其均值分别为5.09×102,2.66×102CFU/cm3;弧菌数量最高值出现在大亚湾(4.40×104CFU/cm3)。弧菌的优势类群具有季节性分布特征:春季特有的优势类群有Vibrio gigantis类似种和V.splendidus类似种,秋季特有的优势类群有V.natriegens类似种;V.alginolyticus类似种是两个季节共有的优势类群,其数量春季高于秋季的。弧菌种类、数量与海水温度、盐度及细菌总数、Chl-a等环境因子有一定的相关性,其中盐度为弧菌种类及数量分布的主要影响因子。     

Effect of strong magnetic field on chemical potential and electron capture in magnetar

The chemical potential of electrons in a strong magnetic field is investigated. It is shown that the magnetic field has only a slight effect on electron chemical potential when B<10¹¹ T, but electron chemical potential will decrease greatly when B>10¹¹ T. The effects of a strong magnetic field on electron capture rates for ⁶⁰Fe are discussed, and the result shows that the electron capture sharply decreases because of the strong magnetic field.     

南黄海中部泥质沉积成因和物源研究综述

当前南黄海沉积学研究的核心问题是泥质沉积的形成过程和动力机制及其物质来源。许多学者对南黄海中部泥区的成因和物源进行了大量研究,但比较局限,缺少系统性。现有研究认为南黄海泥质沉积的形成受黄海冷水团和上升流的影响,但黄海冷水团并不是其形成的必要条件。对泥区物源的研究,主要考虑现代黄河物质、老黄河物质以及长江物质对其的影响,并且仅是定性的研究。对于朝鲜半岛物质对南黄海中部泥区的影响,国内的研究更是寥寥无几。海水对海底基岩的侵蚀沉积以及黄海暖流对海底沉积物的改造和再悬浮作用对南黄海中部泥区沉积的贡献仅是个别学者的观点。     

苏北废黄河口声学多普勒测流中向上分量的分析

利用对苏北废黄河口25 h三船同步声学多普勒测流仪(ADP)测流和悬浮体观测资料,研究了向上分量流速对悬浮泥沙扩散和输运的影响。ADP测量不仅提供水平方向的流分量,还提供垂向的流分量,各分量帮助了解底层悬浮泥沙与海底的沉积物的交换和向上扩散。向上流分量比水平方向的流分量小,值在5 cm/s以内,但是它的变化是有规律的,随涨潮、落潮发生变化。本地区潮周期内悬浮泥沙的变化与潮流相位变化密切,沙峰出现在涨急或落急之后,3个站在潮周期内都出现4个沙峰。但是,各站悬沙的再悬浮是不同的。分析显示,10 m水深处,底层存在较强的再悬浮和再沉积,存在向上和向下的流;而在水深15~17 m处,底部、下部主要是向上的分量,只有上部存在向下分量,因此较深处可能较少发生沉积。     

江苏沿海地区地形地貌资源的开发与利用

江苏沿海地区地理位置优越,海岸类型以粉砂淤泥质海岸为主,中南部海岸外有辐射状沙洲,形成独特的海岸和海底地形。通过总结江苏沿海地区地形地貌特点,结合以往调查资料的分析研究,对涉及该地区地形地貌资源的开发与利用方面的海洋权益、港口河道及海上工程的建设、扩大陆地面积、地质环境及其开发与利用等方面进行了探讨。     

北部湾大头白姑鱼生长特性及群体组成

利用2006年7月~2007年12月北部湾商业捕捞底拖网和流刺网渔获物中采集的样本,通过矢耳石研磨和生长轮观察,初步研究了北部湾大头白姑鱼的年龄与生长特性,并对其渔业生物学特征进行了分析。结果表明,北部湾大头白姑鱼优势体长145~185 mm,占69.7%;优势体重为80~200 g,占69.2%;年龄组成为当龄鱼~Ⅵ龄鱼,以Ⅰ龄鱼与Ⅱ龄与为主,分别占24.60%和50.96%;样本的雌雄性比为1.05∶1,繁殖期性比为1.13∶1。利用最大似然法估计von Bertalanffy、Logistic和Gompertz生长方程的生长参数,ARSS检验表明雌雄生长差异不显著,AIC和BIC检验得出von Bertalanffy生长方程为最适生长模型。主要参数分别为:L∞=229.95 mm,K=0.408,t0=-0.962;体重的生长拐点为1.753龄。     

未饱和砂土含水量GPR反射波法检测研究

未饱和砂土含水量变化会引起介电性质改变,影响土体中电磁波传播速度。利用GPR反射波法测得土体电磁波速后,基于正确的土体介电常数模型可求得含水量,这一过程具有快速、连续、无损特点。为实现目标,以不同粒径组成的3组典型砂土为样品,利用探地雷达反射波法测定其介电常数,研究影响土样介电常数的关键因素和遵循的介电常数模型,讨论基于介电理论的土体含水量求取方法。研究表明粒径级配差异不会引起砂土介电常数较大变化;含水量是决定其介电常数的关键因素,两者关系可采用拟合的Topp或Alharathi型公式表示;砂土介电常数遵循Looyenga混合介电常数模型。研究成果在土方路基含水量连续检测中得到有效应用。