专题地图数据的转换、配准及应用

中国地质调查局在其网站上发布过多种比例尺的地质图,并将中国1∶20万、1∶25万、1∶50万比例尺的地质图空间数据库及中国区域地球化学数据库在网上提供给全社会使用,各类专题地图的数据主要为ArcGIS、MapGIS和JPG格式。为便于广大MapInfo用户使用,介绍了如何将MapGIS格式的矢量数据转换到MapInfo系统内,并简要介绍了利用MapInfo地理信息系统对JPG格式地图进行配准的方法,用户可在MapInfo系统或基于MapInfo二次开发的系统中添加各种表现形式的要素内容,并将转换后的数据提供给用户使用。     

基于动力学和材料软化特性的边坡渐进破坏特征研究

边坡的失稳是一个从量变到质变的动态渐进破坏过程,此问题也是边坡领域研究的重点与难点之一。在考虑岩土材料软化特性和动力学求解的基础上,建立了边坡渐进破坏仿真的理论框架;利用ABAQUS软件的动力显式求解模块实现了边坡的渐进破坏仿真;根据塑性应变揭露了剪切带的扩展过程,由软化本构确定了滑面材料的分区演化规律,根据等效塑性应变确定了边坡的滑面,通过滑面位置将边坡分为滑体、滑带、滑床,并分别研究了边坡各分区内部特征点运动学变量的发展过程,从而揭示了边坡的渐进破坏过程;基于材料参数沿滑面的时空分布,利用矢量和法得到了边坡不同演化阶段的安全系数。对比该方法与Bishop法确定的滑面位置与安全系数,发现两种方法峰值和残余强度对应的安全系数比较接近,该方法搜索所得滑面位于Bishop法自动搜索的滑面之间,验证了此方法的合理性及可靠性。最后分析了材料软化特征对边坡稳定性的影响,在保持其他参数不变的条件下,增大残余黏聚力,边坡的滑面位置加深,安全系数的初始值减小,安全系数的快速减小阶段有所推迟,并且快速减小阶段经历的时间有所延长,稳定后的安全系数有所增大。保持其他参数不变,增大残余黏聚力对应的等效塑性应变阈值,边坡的滑面位置加深,安全系数的初始值减小,安全系数的快速减小阶段有所推迟,但快速减小阶段经历的时间基本不变,达到稳定的时间有所推迟,同时稳定后的安全系数略微有所增大。     

Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the petrogenesis of the Goesan monzodiorite pluton in the central Okcheon belt,Korea

The Permian–Triassic high pressure metamorphism and potassic magmatism in central Korea attest to the extension of the Dabie‐Sulu collision belt in central‐eastern China towards the Korean Peninsula and possibly the Japanese Islands. We present major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotope data for a ca. 230 Ma monzodiorite pluton emplaced in the Goesan area, central Okcheon belt, Korea. This pluton shows geochemical features comparable with those of the coeval monzonite–syenite–gabbro–mangerite suite documented recently in the Gyeonggi massif. The metaluminous and alkali–calcic signatures of the Goesan intrusives correspond to the Caledonian‐type post‐orogenic granitoids. The K₂O/Na₂O ratios of all analyzed samples are greater than 1, and are not correlative with their SiO₂ contents. The enrichment of both large‐ion‐lithophile elements and highly compatible elements in the Goesan pluton is probably indicative of metasomatized mantle origin. The elemental fractionation in the source region must have occurred in the distant past, possibly the Paleoproterozoic, to generate significantly negative ε_Nd(t) values (< –16). Chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns as well as Rb/Sr and Ba/Rb ranges suggest that the source consists of amphibole‐bearing rocks. Progressive decreases in negative Eu anomaly and Ba, Sr, Ni, Cr and V contents with increasing SiO₂ contents reflect an important role of plagioclase, biotite and hornblende for the fractionation process. Zr is undersaturated in the potassic, metaluminous melt. The initial Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the samples are correlated with their SiO₂ contents, substantiating a role of crustal assimilation during the magmatic differentiation. The Sr–Nd elemental and isotopic modeling suggests that the Goesan pluton was initially slightly heterogeneous in its isotopic composition, and underwent concurrent assimilation and fractional crystallization. The occurrence of the Goesan pluton provides further evidence corroborating the amalgamation of allochthonous terranes within the Okcheon belt during the Permian–Triassic collisional orogeny.     

基于共享模式的地震灾情集成发布平台设计与实现

本文通过对近年来典型破坏性地震应急处置过程及其产生的灾情信息的分析总结,针对地震应急过程中不同用户群体对地震灾情信息的需求、不同工作场景中可用的信息传播途径和灾情信息用户的双重身份特点,利用内容管理技术、信息集成发布技术、RIA技术、自适应网页设计技术等,设计实现了基于共享模式的分级分层地震灾情集成发布平台,实现了通过网页、手机APP、手机微信、短彩信等方式实时快速地发布地震应急过程产生的各类灾情信息,可为指挥人员、应急专业人员、政府和社会公众等提供便捷快速的灾情信息服务。     

浅水域可控源海洋电磁测量中空气波的渐近表达与波场分离方法

可控源海洋电磁(MCSEM)勘探中空气波对海底电磁响应的影响已为业界所重视, 它是由水平电偶极子源发射的电磁信号沿空气-海水界面传播与来自海底地层的有效信号相互作用产生的。在浅水域勘探时, 空气波淹没来自地层的有效信号, 使浅水域MCSEM实现油气层识别产生困难。基于层状介质模型, 采用电磁场的模式分解理论导出了半空间电阻率模型的空气波表达式, 利用该式将空气波在海水层的传播近似用海水-空气界面与海底地层之间的多次鸣震表达。结合源和接收器两边电磁场的传播特征, 导出了有限水深时空气波近似关系, 用于近似模拟空气波响应。为了对比不同方法压制空气波的效果, 基于上行波场和下行波场的分解方法, 获得了含油气高阻储层上上行波的异常幅度增大数倍的结果, 显示了波场分解方法压制空气波的良好效果。最后, 利用不含油气层的背景模型和含油气储层模型电磁响应的数值模拟结果, 比较空气波渐近表达和波场分离2种空气波压制方法可知:对于水平层状模型后者效果更好;前者可适用于崎岖海底地层的数据处理, 后者只适用于水平海底地层。     

双高期油藏层内非均质对剩余油的影响及分析

针对辽河油田J16块油层厚度大,层内非均质严重的特点,通过地震精细解释,细分韵律段,构建等时地层格架,精细刻画了单砂体内部构架,研究表明,纵向剩余油集中在反韵律厚层的顶部,主要受上部隔层、下部夹层及重力影响.2008年挖潜井在厚层顶部投产取得了较好的效果,说明对于双高期油藏层内非均质对剩余油的分布具有控制作用,这对进一步挖掘老区油藏潜力,提高采收率都具有很重要的意义.     

��άԪ���Զ�����λ����㷨�ĸĽ�

??????????????????????λ?????????????????????????λ??????е?4??????????????????????????????????????????е?????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????飬????????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????     

集合同化方法在黄海海域海表面温度同化中的应用

The effects of sea surface temperature(SST) data assimilation in two regional ocean modeling systems were examined for the Yellow Sea(YS). The SST data from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis(OSTIA) were assimilated. The National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center(NMEFC) modeling system uses the ensemble optimal interpolation method for ocean data assimilation and the Kunsan National University(KNU) modeling system uses the ensemble Kalman filter. Without data assimilation, the NMEFC modeling system was better in simulating the subsurface temperature while the KNU modeling system was better in simulating SST. The disparity between both modeling systems might be related to differences in calculating the surface heat flux, horizontal grid spacing, and atmospheric forcing data. The data assimilation reduced the root mean square error(RMSE) of the SST from 1.78°C(1.46°C) to 1.30°C(1.21°C) for the NMEFC(KNU) modeling system when the simulated temperature was compared to Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature(OISST) SST dataset. A comparison with the buoy SST data indicated a 41%(31%) decrease in the SST error for the NMEFC(KNU) modeling system by the data assimilation. In both data assimilative systems, the RMSE of the temperature was less than 1.5°C in the upper 20 m and approximately 3.1°C in the lower layer in October. In contrast, it was less than 1.0°C throughout the water column in February. This study suggests that assimilations of the observed temperature profiles are necessary in order to correct the lower layer temperature during the stratified season and an ocean modeling system with small grid spacing and optimal data assimilation method is preferable to ensure accurate predictions of the coastal ocean in the YS.