大兴安岭地槽褶皱系岩金找矿远景分析

大兴安岭地槽褶皱系是兴安岭—内蒙地槽褶皱区的主体。区内已发现旁开门、二十四号桥、宽河、泥鳅河等金矿床,多宝山、小多宝山、三矿沟等伴生金矿床(其中多宝山铜矿体的伴生金储量超过70×103kg)及四道沟东山、北西里、八里岗金矿点等共一百多处金矿床(点)。其中构造蚀变岩型和火山热液型金矿是区内主要成矿类型。研究区地壳构造运动强烈,既有古老基底构造的继承性,又受中新生代环太平洋成矿作用的叠加,为多期复合成矿的有利地段(多宝山铜 金矿田),是我国东北部重要的岩金矿化集中区。     

可降水量资料反演及在暴雨数值模拟中的初步应用

通过同化可降水资料改善模式初始湿度场从而提高暴雨模拟与预报效果。首先应用适时回归方法反演大气可降水量资料，然后以1998年6月18—19日暴雨模拟为例，采用变分同化方法研究了可降水量资料在暴雨数值模拟中的作用。数值模拟结果表明：1)MM5模式中同化可降水量资料后，对于雨带位置的模拟效果起到很大的改善；亦可改进暴雨降水强度的模拟效果，改进程度与降水参数化方案有关。2)同化可降水量资料后，明显改善初始湿度场，在一定程度上缓解旋转加强(spin up)问题，从而有效地提高降水模拟效果。3)降水模拟对参数化方案的选取同样敏感，改进初始湿度场的同时应该选择相应的降水参数化方案。     

华北东部地区的共轭地震破裂与地质构造

本文研究了华北东部地区地震与地质构造的关系。对该地区１９６６－１９７６年发生的５次强震的震源机制、地震形变一、余震活动、极震区等震线、地形变制量资料进行了综合分析，发现华北东部地区地震破裂具有在强度上不对称的共轭剪切破裂特征；地震破裂相对于地质构造具有突出的新生性。     

天山南北前陆冲断带构造滑脱层分布差异及对圈闭样式的控制作用

天山南北前陆冲断带具有较强的差异变形特征,滑脱层的差异对前陆冲断带变形特征及圈闭样式的影响较大,对于天山南北油气勘探具有重要意义。以地震资料解释为基础,通过断距测量、缩短量统计及平衡剖面复原等手段,对天山南北前陆冲断带构造变形差异进行研究,取得如下认识:(1)天山南北前陆冲断带滑脱层性质不同,库车前陆冲断带以古近系膏盐岩为滑脱层,分层变形特征显著;准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带深层断层多穿过滑脱层,分层性差;(2)天山南北前陆冲断带新生代构造变形差异明显,库车前陆冲断带在该时期的平均缩短率为12.1%,准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带的平均缩短率为9.93%,库车前陆冲断带的新生代变形强度比准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带更强;(3)受滑脱层差异的影响,库车前陆冲断带滑脱层上下平均断距总体大于准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带,且库车前陆冲断带的缩短量呈现“单段多峰”复杂的变化趋势,这是准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带没有的特点,表明库车前陆冲断带滑脱层塑性和分层能力比准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带强;(4)基于天山南北前陆冲断带断层活动和滑脱层差异的影响,准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带以岩性—构造的复合圈闭为主,而库车前陆冲断带以盐下大型构造圈闭为主,岩性—构造圈闭为辅。准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带深层和库车前陆冲断带的侏罗系—三叠系煤层、泥岩层等滑脱层控制的岩性—构造圈闭是未来油气勘探的有利目标。     

Spectral Analysis based on Wavelet Transform Maxima: Identification of Multi-order Stratigraphic Boundaries and Cycles

In sedimentology, stratigraphic sequences and cycles are ordered by time spans and physical scales, such as thickness, and bounded by discontinuities, including unconformities or flooding surfaces. Spectral analysis based on wavelet transform (WT) maxima is proposed and used as a quantitative tool to identify multi-order stratigraphic boundaries and cycles in well log data. The proposed spectral analysis is based on quantitative analysis on the center frequencies and resolutions of Gaussian wavelets in time and frequency, and uses a combination of the WT maxima based on both the first order Gaussian wavelet having a high time resolution and the seventh order Gaussian wavelet having a high frequency resolution. WT maxima spectra, which can characterize the evolution of WT maxima across scales and periods along WT maxima lines concerned with sequence boundaries, are used to detect dominant spectral peaks corresponding to the time-period domain WT maxima and to determine WT maxima spectral slopes. The WT maxima spectral slopes are helpful for discriminating sequence boundaries from intrasequence cyclic variations in well log data, and the time-period domain WT maxima are used to relate the detected boundaries to relevant cycles. The interval WT maxima spectra and the stationary index, related to the WT maxima spectra, are introduced as indicators that can be used for the hierarchical ordering of the boundaries and cycles. Application of the proposed method to well log data shows that the suggested method is efficient in identifying multi-order sequences that relate well to the Milankovitch cycles.

     

台风路径多模式集成预报技术研究

利用NCEP、ECMWF、日本数值、英国数值、上海台风模式和广州模式包含全球模式和区域在内的6家数值模式资料,利用近似SEAV方法,设计台风路径多模式集成预报方法(SHME),并用2014—2016年的台风客观预报数据进行多模式集成预报的效果检验,且与ECMWF模式进行比较,通过比较发现,SHME方法较ECMWF在12～48 h预报上有明显改进,在72～120 h预报2014年尤其突出,2015—2016年均与ECMWF预报效果相当。     

Initial validation of GOCI water products against in situ data collected around Korean peninsula for 2010–2011

This paper provides initial validation results for GOCI-derived water products using match-ups between the satellite and ship-borne in situ data for the period of 2010?C2011, with a focus on remote-sensing reflectance (R _rs ). Match-up data were constructed through systematic quality control of both in situ and GOCI data, and a manual inspection of associated GOCI images to identify pixels contaminated by cloud, land and inter-slot radiometric discrepancy. Efforts were made to process and quality check the in situ R _rs data. This selection process yielded 32 optimal match-ups for the R _rs spectra, chlorophyll a concentration (Chl_a) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and with 20 match-ups for suspended particulate matter concentration (SPM). Most of the match-ups are located close to shore and thus the validation should be interpreted limiting to near-shore coastal waters. The R _rs match-ups showed the mean relative errors of 18?C33% for the visible bands with the lowest 18?C19% for the 490 nm and 555 nm bands and 33% for the 412 nm band. Correlation for the R _rs match-ups was high in the 490?C865 nm bands (R²=0.72?C0.84) and lower in the 412 nm band (R²=0.43) and 443 nm band (R²=0.66). The match-ups for Chl_a showed a low correlation (<0.41) although the mean absolute percentage error was 35% for the GOCI standard Chl_a. The CDOM match-ups showed an even worse comparison with R²<0.2. These match-up comparison for Chl_a and CDOM would imply the difficulty to estimate Chl_a and CDOM in near-shore waters where the variability in SPM would dominate the variability in R _rs . Clearly, the match-up statistics for SPM was better with R²=0.73 and 0.87 for two evaluated algorithms, although GOCI-derived SPM overestimated low concentration and underestimated high concentration. Based on this initial match-up analysis, we made several recommendations -1) to collect more offshore under-water measurements of the R _rs data, 2) to include quality flags in level-2 products, 3) to introduce an ISRD correction in the GOCI processing chain, 4) to investigate other types of in-water algorithms such as semianalytical ones, and 5) to investigate vicarious calibration for GOCI data and to maintain accurate and consistent calibration of field radiometric instruments.     

青海木里煤田外力哈达矿区侏罗系层序地层与聚煤作用

利用钻孔岩心数据,对青海北部木里煤田外力哈达矿区侏罗纪湖盆相陆源碎屑含煤岩系进行了层序地层学和聚煤作用的研究。研究区侏罗系共划分出5个三级层序及相应的体系域。在每个层序中,低位体系域由河道相或分流河道相灰白色粗砂岩、细砂岩组成,湖侵体系域由泛滥盆地相或分流间湾相砂质泥岩组成,高位体系域由湖泊相或分流间湾沼泽相泥岩和碳质泥岩组成。厚煤层主要形成于层序S1的湖侵体系域中期,高位体系域和低位体系域基本没有煤层发育。这主要是在湖侵体系域中期,由于可容空间增加速率与泥炭堆积速率相平衡,因此,在三角洲平原分流间湾环境易形成较厚的煤层。     

维系塔里木河的生命健康——塔里木河生命健康的内涵与诊断

塔里木河是我国乃至世界的最大内陆河,历史上环塔里木盆地的九大水系都对塔里木河干流有贡献,由于源流区人类活动影响和气候变化干扰,近50年来补给塔里木河干流的源流条数已减到四条,水量也在不断减少,加之塔里木河干流区上中游耗水严重,导致20世纪后期下游水量持续减少和水质盐化,生态环境恶化,已威胁到塔里木河的生命健康.为此,自2000年开始,实施了以恢复塔里木河下游绿色走廊为代表的修复河流生态系统的世纪工程,然而,维系塔里木河生命健康是一项长期而艰巨的历史任务.提出维持塔里木河生命健康的内涵包括6个方面内容,并从5个方面对河流生命健康功能进行诊断,最终给出了5条建议.突出生命健康的内涵与诊断,阐述塔里木河生命含义,为内陆河流域人水和谐共处,制定塔里木河流域长远的规划和近期的治河体系提供参考.     

四川巴塘地热田水文地球化学特征及成因

地下热水的地球化学特征能够揭示深部地热过程。川西巴塘地区域地热资源丰富,但当前研究程度较低。为进一步查明川西地区地热资源赋存状态及热源来源,揭示热循环机理,定量评估研究区热储温度、冷水混入比例、热循环深度等,利用巴塘热坑和巴塘热水塘两处地热田共20组温泉水样进行水化学分析和氢氧同位素分析,进行定量计算,并分析巴塘地区地下热水的演化过程。结果表明:巴塘地区地下热水主要为HCO3—Na型;水中Sr2+、Li+和F-与Cl-的相关性不佳;主要受大气降雨补给;冷水混入比例为64%~68%,未混入冷水时深部热储温度为218~229 ℃,热储循环深度4 546.32~4 777.89 m;Na+、HCO-3、SiO2浓度在热水循环过程中变化相对较大。说明Sr2+、Li+和F-只来自于水岩作用的矿物溶解,且该地区地下水补给主要来自于大气降水,川西地区地热水于围岩发生水岩作用,进行离子交换,在完成一系列水化学作用及水岩作用后,升至地表,最终形成温泉水。研究成果可为川西巴塘地区地热研究提供数据支撑及理论支持,同时也为川西整体区域地热研究提供方法借鉴,为研究区地下水开发利用研究提供参考。