GIS-based landslide susceptibility model considering effective contributing area for drainage time

This study employed GIS modelling to ascertain landslide susceptibility on Mt. Umyeon, south of Seoul, South Korea. In this study, an effective contributing area (ECA) for certain drainage time was purposed as a temporal causative factor and then used for modelling in combination with spatial causative factors such as elevation, slope, plan curvature, drainage proximity, forest type, soil type and geology. Landslide inventory map of 163 landslide locations was prepared using aerial photographic interpretation and field verifications after that digitized using GIS environment in 1:5000 scale. A presence-only-based maximum entropy model was used to establish and analyse the relationship between landslides and causative factors. Before final modelling, a jackknife test was performed to measure the variable contributions, which showed that the slope was the most significant spatial causative factor, and ECA with a drainage time of 12 h was the most significant temporal causative factor. The performances of the final models, with and without significant ECA, were assessed by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve to be 75.5 and 81.2%, respectively.     

华南地区二叠纪-三叠纪界线酸性火山灰的源区与规模

华南地区二叠纪-三叠纪之交(Permian-Triassic Boundary,简称PTB)火山灰与生物灭绝事件在地层层位上高度相关,可能是灭绝事件的触发因素之一,对其成因、来源和规模的研究具有重要科学意义。本研究在对广西来宾地区蓬莱滩剖面大隆组顶部凝灰质砂岩岩相学研究的基础上,通过碎屑锆石年代学、Hf同位素及微量元素的分析,结合华南地区PTB凝灰岩和火山粘土岩时空分布特征对其源区和规模进行讨论和限定。蓬莱滩剖面大隆组顶部2个凝灰质砂岩样品中81%的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在235±2.7Ma~258±4.8Ma之间,呈现出~252Ma的单一峰值;11%的锆石年龄为260±3.2Ma~276±3.6Ma;年龄为294±5.8Ma~561±6.9Ma的锆石6颗;元古宙锆石5颗,最老年龄为2063±13.4Ma。样品中晚二叠世碎屑锆石的Hf同位素表现出地壳来源特征,除一颗锆石值为+10.3外,其余均落在-16.5~-5.0之间,与华南PTB典型剖面基本一致。碎屑锆石U-Th-Hf-Nb微量元素特征显示其具有来源于大陆岩浆弧的属性。蓬莱滩剖面凝灰质砂岩中存在大量粒径0.5~2mm的晶屑,部分粒径甚至达到3mm,这些粗粒火山碎屑物暗示该剖面距离火山口源区较近。蓬莱滩剖面火山碎屑物的锆石U-Pb年龄和地层位置与华南PTB火山灰基本一致,并具有相似的锆石Hf同位素和微量元素特征,表明两者可能来自同一源区。在空间分布上,华南地区PTB附近的火山碎屑沉积岩和较粗的凝灰岩仅出现在华南的西南部,而华南北部主要分布粒度小于0.3mm的细粒火山灰,火山碎屑粒度由西南向东北逐渐减小的规律表明火山物质来源于华南西南缘。近年来,包括海南岛二叠纪花岗岩及桂西南酸性火山岩在内的众多证据表明华南板块西南缘存在一个二叠纪大陆岩浆弧。因此,本文提出华南PTB火山灰可能来源于华南板块西南缘古特提斯大陆岩浆弧。PTB火山灰仅分布在华南地区,在华北、西北等地区均未发现或报道同时期的火山灰,说明与这次俯冲作用相关的弧岩浆火山喷发规模有限,推测其不是触发全球性PTB生物灭绝事件的主要原因。     

深空探测车环境感知与导航定位技术进展与展望

环境感知与导航定位是深空探测车自动驾驶的核心技术,由于深空环境的特殊性,深空探测车的环境感知与导航定位与地球上汽车自动驾驶的相应技术相比面临独特的挑战.本文从实际工程应用和科研进展两个角度总结了深空探测车环境感知、视觉定位、路径规划等关键技术的进展,并对未来深空探测车智能感知与长距离导航定位等发展方向进行了探讨与展望.     

Sealing Features of Fluid-Rock System and its Control on Acidic Dissolution in Cretaceous Sandstone Reservoirs, Kuqa Subbasin

The Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation is the main gas-bearing strata in the northern structural deformation zone of Kuqa subbasin. The acidic dissolution of this formation arose at 5–4Ma, which corresponds to the late burial stage of the Bashijiqike Formation. Variability of interlayer due to rock composition is negligible. Differentiation of acidic dissolution in sandstones was controlled by difference in amount of exogenous acid fluid from underlying strata. For the absence of sedimentary and structural carrier system between the isolated sandstone reservoirs, most fluid-rock systems show relative sealing feature during later burial stage by sealing feature of formation pressure, geochemical characteristics of formation water and content of diagenetic products in sandstones. Variation of sealing effects for different fluid-rock systems is obvious. The pressure coefficient is inversely proportional to acidic dissolved porosity of sandstone reservoirs, indicating that the variation of sealing effects for fluidrock system mainly controls the differentiation of acidic dissolution.     

手持式超站仪配合实验形数法测定林分特征参数的原理与方法

利用手持式超站仪配合实验形数法测定林分特征参数的原理与方法,可以迅速精确获得树木树干的胸径、树高、材积、角尺度、混交度、大小比数、林分胸高断面积、林分平均高、林分平均株数、蓄积量和生长量等数据。文章提出了观测五棵树构成样地的森林计测方法,通过实验研究表明,此方法比传统的森林调查技术更加精确和高效。     

Inter-comparison of the infrared channels of the meteorological imager onboard COMS and hyperspectral IASI data

The successful launch and commissioning of the first geostationary meteorological satellite of Korea has the potential to enhance earth observation capability over the Asia Pacific region. Although the specifications of the payload, the meteorological imager(MI), have been verified during both ground and in-orbit tests, there is the possibility of variation and/or degradation of data quality due to many different reasons, such as the accumulation of contaminants, the aging of instrument components, and unexpected external disturbance. Thus, for better utilization of MI data, it is imperative to continuously monitor and maintain the data quality. As a part of such activity, this study presents an inter-calibration, based on the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System(GSICS), between the MI data and the high quality hyperspectral data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI) of the Metop-A satellite. Both sets of data, acquired for three years from April 2011 to March 2014, are processed to prepare the matchup dataset, which is spatially collocated, temporally concurrent,angularly coincident, and spectrally comparable. The results show that the MI data are stable within the specifications and show no significant degradation during the study period. However, the water vapor channel shows a rather large bias value of-0.77 K, with a root-mean-square difference(RMSD) of around 1.1 K, which is thought to be due to the shift in the spectral response function. The shortwave channel shows a maximum RMSD of around 1.39 K, mainly due to the coarse digitization at the lower temperature. The inter-comparison results are re-checked through a sensitivity analysis with different sets of threshold values used for the matchup dataset. Based on this, we confirm that the overall quality of the MI data meets the user requirements and maintains the expected performance, although the water vapor channel requires further investigation.     

First report on the occurrence of the comb pen shell,Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus, 1767) (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) in Ulleungdo Island in the East Sea: Ecology and molecular identification of the species using COI gene sequence

Pen shell is one of the largest marine bivalves inhabiting shallow subtidal soft bottoms in the west Pacific and Indian Oceans. In Korea, the comb pen shell Atrina pectinata fisheries has been established on the south and west coasts. Recently, a pen shell population has been discovered from a subtidal sand flat (25–30 m depth) in Ulleungdo Island located in the East Sea of Korea, suggesting a potential shellfish resource in this area. In the present study, we first surveyed the population density and size of the unique pen shell using SCUBA, and identified the pen shell to species level using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) sequence. An underwater survey carried out from July to September 2013 revealed that populations of pen shell patched on subtidal sand flat at a depth of 20–25 m. Grain size analysis indicated that sand particles accounted for 99% of the 600 × 700 m sand flat. The underwater survey also indicated that density of the pen shell ranged between 6–19 ind/m², with a mean of 11 ind/m². Shell height (i.e. longest axis of the shell) of the pen shell on the sand flat varied between 17.2 cm to 28.8 cm, with a mean of 25.1 cm, and the age was estimated to range between 1.5–7.5 yrs, with a mean of 5 yr. COI DNA sequence obtained from the pen shell in this study showed 98.9–99.2% similarity to Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus 1767) reported from Japan. In the cluster analysis, the COI DNA sequence of the pen shells from Ulleungdo Island was grouped with A. pectinata reported from Japan and China, indicating that the pen shell discovered in this study was A. pectinata, commonly distributed on the west and south coasts of Korea.     

雅布赖盆地构造演化与油气聚集

雅布赖含油气盆地位于中国西部河西走廊地区北部,处于华北克拉通阿尔善地块中南部过渡带,属北祁连构造带,中生代为走滑拉分盆地,新生代为挤压冲断坳陷盆地。燕山早期,形成东西向雅布赖拉张断陷,主控断裂为北大山正断层,沉积中心位于盆地南部;燕山中期,碰撞造山作用致使盆地北部急剧抬升,北部中-下侏罗统地层遭受强烈剥蚀;燕山晚期,阿拉善地块及其北部地区处于伸展构造环境,雅布赖山前产生东西向正断层,急剧活动,快速沉降,形成了北东向展布的新的拉张断陷盆地。喜马拉雅期,在挤压走滑作用下,雅布赖盆地南部形成北西向南倾逆冲的推覆构造,致使北大山正断层发生错断瓦解,最终形成"东隆西坳,南断北超"的挤压坳陷构造格局。雅布赖盆地主体沉积凹陷具有较强分割性,沉降凹陷分布于南部,最大沉积岩厚度为5 400 m;凹陷内侏罗系最为发育,中侏罗统新河组、青土井组暗色泥岩、煤岩为烃源岩,砂岩为储集层,新河组泥岩互层作盖层,构成盆地内最主要的含油气组合。由于雅布赖盆地特定的早期深埋,晚期抬升破坏构造格局,造就侏罗系砂岩储层早期强烈压实致密,侏罗系煤系烃源岩成熟较晚,构造发育期与烃源岩排烃期不匹配,生成油气主要表现为近源成藏与层内滞留,形成源内自生自储,致密油应是主要勘探对象。