Seasonal changes in imposex and tissue burden of butyltin compounds in Thais clavigera populations along the coastal area of Mirs Bay, China

We assessed the current status of tributyltin (TBT) contamination of Thais clavigera (Gastropoda) along the coastal area of Mirs Bay, China for the first time. The snail samples were collected from 10 different sites in the summer (June) and winter (December) of 2006, respectively. They were analyzed for imposex status, i.e. relative penis size index (RPSI) and vas deferens sequence index (VDSI), followed by quantification of butyltins in their tissues. Most of the collected females suffered from imposex, but the level of butyltin contamination varied with the distance from Yantian Port, which is currently the fourth busiest container port in the world. The tissue concentration of TBT varied with season. For a particular site, the winter samples in general contained much higher concentration of TBT than the summer samples. RPSI, VDSI and organotin concentrations were higher in T. clavigera collected from sites closer to the Port, such as the Seafood Street and Kat O. Both RPSI and VDSI were positively correlated with the tissue burden of tributyltin. VDSI exhibited little seasonal variability, whereas RPSI showed marked seasonal variability, with lower values in the summer samples. The current results will serve as an important reference for long-term monitoring of butyltin contamination in this area.     

Laboratory study of the effect of temperature difference on the disintegration of redbed softrock

To explore the impact of temperature difference (TD) on the disintegration of redbed softrock, three types of redbed rock, collected from Nanxiong Basin, were analyzed under three different treatments: TD, wetting and drying (WD), and TDWD-temperature difference and WD. To better understand the influence of different ranges of TD on disintegration during WD cycles, pH (hydrogen ion concentration) values, electrical conductivity (EC) values, and concentration of cations in leachate released during treatment were measured. The results show that no significant change can be observed under single TD treatment but that TD can increase the disintegration rate by accelerating the water–rock interaction. The effect of TD is more significant for rock with weak resistance to disintegration.     

基于几何规则的车载近景立体影像道路交通标线自动提取

道路交通标线信息是道路导航地图中必不可少的数据,对于制作精度更高、道路细节信息更加丰富清晰的高精度导航地图具有重要的作用。本文以车载近景立体影像中的道路交通标线信息自动提取为研究目标,针对道路交通标线快速、精确采集的应用需求,提出了基于几何规则的车载近景立体影像道路交通标线自动提取方法。该方法首先分析了道路交通标线的几何特征;其次,构建了基于几何特征的交通标线信息提取规则;最后,以标线种子点为基础,结合前述规则,实现了道路交通标线三维空间信息的自动采集。以南京师范大学的车载移动测量系统拍摄的实际近景立体影像为数据进行了试验,试验结果证明,本文方法相比传统人机交互采集方法,在交通标线特征点采集效率、标线几何相似度等方面有较大的优势,可为高精度导航地图的生产提供一种可借鉴的技术支撑。     

Solution of the radiative transfer equation for Rayleigh scattering using the infinite medium Green’s function

The infinite medium Green’s function is used to solve the half-space albedo, slab albedo and Milne problems for the unpolarized Rayleigh scattering case; these problems are the most classical problems of radiative transfer theory. The numerical results are obtained and are compared with previous ones.     

东方小藤壶Chthamalus challengeri（甲壳动物亚门：无柄目）线粒体基因组：小藤壶科基因排列比较及藤壶亚目系统发育分析

藤壶是潮间带生态、幼体发育以及生物防污损研究中重要的模式生物。目前,线粒体基因组学的发展有助于从线粒体基因组水平上更好地理解系统发育关系。本研究获得东方小藤壶Chthamalus challengeri完整线粒体基因组,大小为15358bp的环状分子。与藤壶亚目其它物种相比,东方小藤壶非编码区的长度较长,而基因区的长度则相近。东方小藤壶线粒体基因组A+T含量为70.5%。现有藤壶物种的线粒体基因组中存在起始和终止密码子的变化。同属的东方小藤壶和触肢小藤壶C. antennus具有共同的基因排列。然而,小藤壶科中不同属之间却具有不同的基因排列,包括两个tRNA基因出现易位,一个基因块出现倒置。值得注意的是,与以往藤壶亚目物种不同,小藤壶属两个物种的srRNA和lrRNA基因都在重链上编码。小藤壶科中进化树的拓扑结构与基因排列证据相互支持,系统发育分析表明小藤壶科是单系群,而藤壶科和古藤壶科则是多系群。     

基于VOF模型的浮式消波海流机性能优化

针对浮式消波海流机样机测试时出现的问题,对其吃水深度线和叶片安装角度进行优化。根据装置结构特点,用Gambit建立了装置横截面的二维网格模型。根据浮式消波海流机实际工作环境,利用Fluent流体仿真软件,使用VOF(volume of fluid)两相流模型,分配空气相与液态水相在流域中的不同比例,来确定不同的吃水深度线。并且结合k-epsilon紊流模型建立模拟仿真环境。先对3种水线进行仿真分析,然后进行实验验证。通过分析对比装置的3种不同吃水深度线的模拟与实验结果,得到装置的最优吃水深度线为1/3水线。基于最优吃水深度线,分别对叶片的4种安装角度在相同的仿真环境中进行模拟仿真。利用仿真得到的扭矩数据,计算扭矩系数、功率系数,分析对比仿真数据以及仿真过程中扭矩趋势图得出4种叶片安装角度的最优角度是90°。吃水深度线决定了装置的消波能力,并且为叶片获能提供条件,叶片安装角度直接影响着装置的获能效率,所以最优的吃水深度线和叶片安装角度对海流机的消波能力和获能效率具有重要意义。     

结合网状描述符和单应约束的近景影像直线匹配

针对现有立体影像直线匹配方法中的线描述子只依赖局部灰度特征导致可靠性较弱的问题,本文提出了一种结合网状描述符和单应约束的直线匹配方法。(1)利用线特征检测算法（Line Segment Detector, LSD）提取参考影像及搜索影像中的直线段;(2)根据角度约束和核线约束确定候选直线,缩小直线搜索范围,并计算参考直线与候选直线的重叠部分以确保端点一致;(3)利用直线段固定邻域内的同名点对构建网状描述符,选择3组不同的同名点对分别计算直线相似值,取其中最大值作为直线段的最终相似度从而确定同名直线对;(4)将未搜索到同名点对的直线段利用单应性矩阵映射至搜索影像,并根据3个判别准则得到最终的匹配结果。为了验证算法的有效性及鲁棒性,本文选取国际公开的标准测试数据集中5组近景影像进行实验,并与现有3种具有代表性的算法进行对比。结果显示本文算法的准确度及有效性均优于对比的3种算法,在匹配准确率与运行效率上最高有16.1%与49倍的提升,对于不同条件下的影像均能取得良好的直线匹配结果。     

Projecting impacts of climate change on surface water temperatures of a large subalpine lake: Lake Tahoe, USA

Predicted increases in atmospheric CO₂ concentration are expected to cause increases in air temperatures in many regions around the world, and this will likely lead to increases in the surface water temperatures of aquatic ecosystems in these regions. Using daily air and littoral water temperature data collected from Lake Tahoe, a large sub-alpine lake located in the Sierra Nevada mountains (USA), we developed and tested an empirical approach for constructing models designed to estimate site-specific daily surface water temperatures from daily air temperature projections generated from a regional climate model. We used cluster analysis to identify thermally distinct groups among sampled sites within the lake and then developed and independently validated a set of linked regression models designed to estimate daily water temperatures for each spatially distinct thermal group using daily air temperature data. When daily air temperatures projections, generated for 2080–2099 by a regional climate model, were used as input to these group models, projected increases in summer surface water temperatures of as much as 3 °C were projected. This study demonstrates an empirical approach for generating models capable of using daily air temperature projections from established climate models to project site specific impacts on littoral surface waters within large limnetic ecosystems.     

基于方向因子和方向边的多边形内外点判断算法

本文在概述已有多边形内外点判断算法的基础上,提出了方向因子和方向边的概念,并利用方向因子和方向边,设计了一种判断点在多边形内外的新算法。该方法首先找出点的方向边,再计算该点与其方向边组成的三角形的方向因子,然后利用计算的方向因子来判断点与多边形的位置关系,其可以有效地解决射线法中的临界位置问题。实验结果表明,该方法易于理解,计算简单,具有较高的可靠性、稳定性和执行效率。     

The 2006/2007 photometric activity of three chromospherically active stars: V2075 Cyg,FG UMa and BM CVn

We present new multiband CCD photometric observations of three chromospherically active stars with long periods (V2075 Cyg, FG UMa and BM CVn). The observations were made at the Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Observatory in 2006 and 2007. We analyzed BVRI (Bessell) CCD observations of these three RS CVn-type SB1 binaries with the following three steps: (i) Photometric rotation periods were obtained by analyzing their light variations with a differential corrections method and a Fourier transform technique. (ii) Light variations, observed over three or more consecutive orbital cycles, were investigated by using dark (cool) spot models with the program SPOT. (iii) Surface differential rotation coefficients for the primary components of these binaries were derived using our own photometric periods together with orbital periods taken from the literature.