Application of FLAC3D in supporting engineering of deep foundation ditch

Based on the design principles of economic rationality and safety, multiple-pivot pile anchorage approach was used as the supporting engineering of a tall building with a deep foundation ditch. The designs, such as anchor arm, single pile and the whole, were set up in accordance with the calculations of the internal force from the equivalent beam and Yamagata Kunio methods. Moreover, the rationality of the design was estimated using the stability checks. FLAC3D was used for calculating the accuracy of the design. Using FLAC3D to simulating ditch cutting and supporting processes can obtain the equivalent results as the theory analysis in the displacement of ditch surrounding wall, the stress field and stress distribution.     

八卦庙及外围金矿控矿因素与富集成矿规律研究

简述了凤太矿田中的典型构造蚀变岩型金矿床——八卦庙金矿的基本特征；初步分析了八卦庙金矿、丝毛岭金矿的地球化学特征，推测丝毛岭金矿点的成矿模式可能与八卦庙金矿床的成矿模式不同，或者是同一成矿系统中的不同成矿系列，而不同深度原生晕聚类分析谱系图显示，八卦庙金矿床随着深度的增加Au与亲岩浆（幔源岩浆）的元素相关性趋于密切，表明八卦庙金矿床的成矿有岩浆参与。重点研究了风太矿田中八卦庙及外围金矿的控矿因素——控矿构造特征、控矿地层及其岩性特征、矿化蚀变特征等，并以八卦庙金矿、柴蚂金矿为基础，总结归纳了八卦庙及外围金矿的富集成矿规律，进一步指明了八卦庙外围金矿的找矿方向及其找矿潜力。     

基于可拓评判法的黑土肥力质量评价

根据黑土肥力的实验特点及前人研究成果,选取与养分和理化性质相关的10个评价指标,包括有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)、阳离子交换量(CEC)、酸碱度(pH)、容重(BD)、黏粒(CP)、>0.25mm水稳性团聚体(WSA>0.25)和分散率(DR),通过这些指标建立了新的黑土肥力质量评价体系。以该评价体系为参照,采用主成分分析法确定权重,运用可拓学理论对吉林省农业黑土的肥力质量进行综合评判。结果表明:WSA>0.25、BD和AP 3项指标权重最大,说明黑土肥力的主要限制因子可能为土壤的物理性质及有效磷肥含量;吉林省农业黑土的肥力质量以中等为主,占整个样品数的73%。     

云南澜沧地区南角河银多金属矿床的地质特征及成因

南角河银多金属矿是在地质调查过程中发现并评价的一个具有大型找矿远景的矿床。矿床产于临沧-勐海复式花岗岩基南段西侧与新元古界澜沧群变质岩的接触断裂破碎带(白章断裂)中,矿体呈脉状,形态单一。同位素及成矿流体分析结果表明,成矿物质主要来源于花岗岩和澜沧群地层,成矿流体以大气降水下渗加热上升回返并混合少量岩浆热液为特征,以花岗岩和澜沧群变质岩为矿源层,以断裂破碎带为赋存空间,为具有明显垂向分带特征的低温热液矿床。     

三维叠前深度偏移速度分析及蒙特卡洛自动层速度拾取

是否能够正确地建立深度域三维速度模型是三维叠前深度偏移成败的关键 .本文根据Deregowski循环 ,利用叠前深度域地震成像对速度模型变化的敏感性 ,采用偏移迭代逐次逼近最佳成像速度 ,研究开发了一套快捷有效的三维叠前深度偏移深度域速度模型建立技术 .借鉴时间域CDP(共深度点 )道集上常规叠加速度分析的策略 ,在深度域CRP(共反射点 )道集上 ,提出剩余慢度平方谱的概念并建立相应的实现技术 .导出深度域中均方根速度与层速度之间的关系 ;按照串级偏移原理确定偏移循环过程中初始速度、剩余速度及修改后速度之间的关系 ;采用蒙特卡洛非线性优化算法实现从剩余慢度平方谱中自动拾取层速度 ,讨论了其地质速度约束条件和蒙特卡洛非线性优化的收敛准则 ,使得所拾取的层速度模型具有合理的地质意义并获得最佳偏移成像效果 .SEG EAGE理论模型数值试算验证了方法的有效性 ,在海拉尔盆地霍多莫尔工区 ,5 8km2 三维资料的速度模型建立并获得满意的三维叠前深度偏移成像 .     

济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系沙河街组深湖相油页岩的特征及成因

古近系沙河街组沙三段下部发育的深湖相油页岩是东营凹陷最重要的优质烃源岩。该油页岩呈深灰色或棕褐色，页理发育，主要由富含有机质纹层和浅灰色钙质纹层形成的毫米级沉积层偶组成。其中有机质纹层中的有机碳含量在5％以上，富含藻类化石及鱼化石等；钙质纹层主要由方解石组成，呈灰白色。沉积环境分析表明，该油页岩形成于湿润气候条件下的半咸水-微咸水的深湖缺氧环境中，沉积速率较慢，湖盆处于欠补偿状态，水体分层结构使沉积有机质得到有效保存。藻类等水生生物勃发吸收了更多的CO2，从而诱发大量内生成因的碳酸盐沉淀，形成碳酸盐纹层，而藻类的死亡则导致湖水有机质输送通量增多，使沉积物中有机质保存量增大，促使高有机质丰度烃源岩的形成。因此，分层的水体结构和藻类的勃发是油页岩形成的重要控制因素。     

泾河流域生态系统服务消耗及变化认知分析：基于农户问卷调查和参与式社区评估

本文以黄土高原泾河流域上游固原市为例,采用农户问卷调查和参与式社区评估方法,研究农户对生态系统服务认知及消费,并对两种方法认知结果进行比较分析。研究发现,农户问卷调查方法农户认知到食物供给、净化空气、净化环境、水土保持、供给洁净水、减少自然灾害、提高收入、薪柴供给、景观愉悦、牧草供给和防风固沙11项生态系统服务,农户日常对生态系统服务的占有和消耗及生态系统服务对农户的重要性程度影响农户对生态系统服务的认知;参与式社区评估（PRA）方法农户可以充分进行信息交流与讨论,与农户问卷调查法相比对生物多样性服务有了认知。研究区生态系统服务发生很大变化,食物供给和薪柴供给服务明显减弱,收入增加;受生态系统服务变化及收入水平的影响,农户食物和能源消费存在明显时空差异,总体而言,农户食物消费总量下降,大部分农户薪柴消费数量减少,农户对蔬菜、肉类、煤炭、天然气等的消费量增加。     

Ground motion parameters of Shillong plateau: One of the most seismically active zones of northeastern India

Strong ground motion parameters for Shillong plateau of northeastern India are examined. Empirical relations are obtained for main parameters of ground motions as a function of earthquake magnitude, fault type, source depth, velocity characterization of medium and distance. Correlation between ground motion parameters and characteristics of seismogenic zones are established. A new attenuation relation for peak ground acceleration is developed, which predicts higher expected PGA in the region. Parameters of ...     

Observations of NO_2 and O_3 during Thunderstorm Activity Using Visible Spectroscopy

Simultaneous observations for the total column densities of NO2,O3 and H2O were carried on using the portable Spectrometer (438-450 nm and 400-450 nm) and the visible Spectrometer (544.4-628 nm) during premonsoon thunderstorms and embedded hail storm activity at Pune (18°32'N & 73°51'E),India.These observations confirm the fact that there is an increase in O3 and NO2 column densities during thunderstorms.The increase in O3 was observed following onset of thunderstorm,while the increase in NO2 was observed only after the thunder flashes occur.This implies that the production mechanisms for O3 and NO2 in thunderstorm are different.The observed column density of NO,value (1 to 3×1017molecules cm-2) during thunderstorm activity is 10 to 30 times higher than the value (1×10th molecules cm-2) of a normal day total column density.The spectrometric observations and observations of thunder flashes by electric field meter showed that 6.4×1025molecules/flash of NO2 are produced.The increased to-oil column den     

Threshold for initiation of motion of unimodal and bimodal sediments

Experimental data,obtained from previous studies,on Critical Tractive Stress(CTS) of non-uniform sediments, have been used to verify the adequacy of existing relationships for CTS of non-uniform bimodal sediments.Keeping in view the performance of such relationships,a new relationship for computation of dimensionless CTS of individual size fraction of non-uniform unimodal and bimodal sediments has been proposed in the form of power law.The coefficient and exponent of the proposed power law have been empirically correlated with sediment characteristics for available sediment data.The proposed relationship has been validated with independent flume and field data to assess their applicability for unimodal and bimodal sediments.