Studies on the June 23, 2010 north Ottawa M W 5.2 earthquake and vicinity seismicity

The basic parameters for the earthquake with a moment magnitude (M _W) of 5.2 on the 23rd of June 2010 have been investigated. The earthquake occurred on a hidden fault in the northwest direction about 60?km north-northeast of Ottawa in the Western Quebec Seismic Zone (WQSZ) and had a focal depth of about 21?km. The focal mechanism was a thrust type with strike in the northwest direction and dipping in the northeast direction. The relative relocations of seven larger aftershocks show that the source rupture area was about 6?km². The b value of the aftershock sequence was 0.8?C1.0, and the decay rate of the aftershocks was faster than normal cases. The dominant seismogenic depths are about 12 to 22?km in most parts of the WQSZ, while the seismogenic depth along the Ottawa?CBonnechere Graben can be as deep as 28?km. Based on the seismic activity in the WQSZ and vicinity since 1961, it seems that the periods of moderate earthquakes are about 6?C10?years.     

Impact of multiple satellite ocean color samplings in a day on assessing phytoplankton dynamics

Ocean-color imagers on conventional polar-orbiting satellites have a revisit time of ??2 days for most regions, which is further reduced if the area is frequently cloudy. The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), the first ocean-color imager on a geostationary satellite, provides measurements 8 times a day, thus significantly improving the frequency of measurements for studies of ocean environments. Here, we use results derived from GOCI measurements over Taihu Lake to demonstrate that the extra sampling can be used to improve the accuracy of statistically averaged longer-term (daily) measurements. Additionally, using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the coupling of diurnal variations of both biomass and photosynthetic available radiation can improve the accuracy of daily primary production estimates. These results echo that higher sampling frequency can improve our estimates of longer-term dynamics of biogeochemical processes and highlights the value of ocean color measurements from geostationary satellites.     

Trends of urban air pollution in Zhengzhou City in 1996–2008

Urban air pollution is a commonly concerned environmental problem in the world.Identification of air quality trend using long-term monitoring data is helpful to understand the effectiveness of pollution control strategies.This study,using data from six monitoring stations in Zhengzhou City,analyzed the changing trend in concentrations of SO 2,NO x /NO 2 and TSP/PM 10 in 1996-2008,based on non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator,and evaluated the comprehensive air pollution level using Multi-Pollutant Index(MPI).It was found that the concentration of each pollutant exceeded obviously the World Health Organization(WHO) guideline value,but the changing trend varied:SO 2 and NO 2 were significantly increased mainly due to an increase in coal consumption and vehicle number,while NO x,TSP and PM 10 decreased.The air pollution was serious,and differed markedly among the three functional regions:it is the most severe in the Industrial and Residential Area(IRA),followed by the Transportation Hub and Business District(THBD),and then the High-tech,Cultural and Educational Area(HCEA).Different from NO 2 concentration that had a similar change trend/rate among the function regions,the change rate of PM 10 concentration differed spatially,decreased much more obviously in THBD than other two regions.For the whole city,the comprehensive air pollution level declined gradually,illustrating that the air quality in Zhengzhou was improved in the last decade.     

岩层倾斜对体应变受气压影响研究

台站实测资料反映地表倾斜时,体应变气压干扰系数明显变大.通过理论计算,求出了地表倾斜度与体应变气压系数的关系,去除气压干扰后,体应变观测的固体潮汐明显改善.     

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Mineral constituents in common chanterelles and soils collected from a high mountain and lowland sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) Fr. and surface soil layer (0-10 cm) underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula (Baltic Sea coast) and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioconcentrated several essential trace elements (K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn), while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.     

Modelling the runoff-sediment yield relationship using a proportional function in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China

Based on data observed at the 12 small watersheds in hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China, the relationship between event runoff volume and sediment yield is examined. The results reveal that the runoff-sediment yield relationship at the inter-event timescale is mainly determined by the runoff-sediment concentration relationship at the intra-event timescale. In the study area, the sediment concentration tends to be stable when the flow discharge exceeds a certain critical value. Many factors that are important for determining the characteristics of low-magnitude events, such as flow discharge, particle size of fluvial sediment, and accumulation of loose material on land surfaces prior to a rainstorm, appear to have little importance for high-magnitude events. Consequently, mean sediment concentration tends to be stable for large flood events, suggesting a strong similarity between the two flow-sediment relationships at inter-and intra-event temporal scales. Furthermore, a proportional function is proposed to predict event sediment yield, and the correspondence between the predicted and observed sediment yields is examined. The performance of the model is good for high-magnitude events, especially extreme events. The applicability of the proposed model at the annual timescale is also discussed.     

青海地区S波非弹性衰减Q值、场地响应特征研究

根据地质构造及地震台网分布特征,将青海地区分为柴达木盆地、青海东北部、青海东南部3个区域,运用青海地震台网记录的112条数字地震波形资料,利用Atkinson方法得到3个区域的非弹性衰减Q值随频率的关系,结果表明,柴达木盆地Q值最大,青海东南部Q值最小。采用Moya方法反演得到3个区域24个地震台的场地响应,其中15个台站的场地响应在频率域不平坦,9个台站稳定性相对较好,GOM(格尔木)作为国家基准地震台,具有良好的观测环境,场地响应曲线稳定。     

安徽及近邻区地震烈度衰减特征研究

利用安徽及近邻区地震烈度资料,采用椭圆衰减模型和长轴可转向与近、远场补点方法,通过多元回归方法进行拟合,建立该地区地震烈度衰减关系。该衰减关系用于安徽地震应急指挥技术系统震害快速评估模块,为地震灾害损失快速评估提供基础资料;也可用于安徽地区地震安全性评价、震害预测等防震减灾领域。