基于模拟退火算法的自动地图注记配置研究

本文将求解大规模组合优化问题最优解的一种新型算法模拟退火算法应用于地图注记的自动配置。该算法将地图各要素注记的配置作为一个统一的整体来对待,从而避免了一般局部搜索法可能终止于一个局部最优解的缺点,这样可使自动注记配置的结果更趋合理化。用模拟退火算法进行注记自动配置,理论体系完整,机理简单,通用性强,编程容易,而且与一般局部搜索法相比,超常规注记配置出现的数目大大降低,其缺点在于配置速度较慢     

巴西坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地油气分布差异及主控因素

巴西坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地均为典型的被动陆缘盆地。随着勘探程度的增加和近年来在桑托斯盆地深水区盐下油气的重大发现,坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地之间的构造-沉积演化和油气地质特征的差异性越来越明显。通过对坎波斯盆地和桑托斯盆地区域地质特征和油气成藏条件差异性的比较,总结出两个盆地油气分布特征的截然不同。研究表明,盐窗比较发育的坎波斯盆地中已发现的油气主要富集于盐上浊积砂岩,而连续盐岩发育的桑托斯盆地已发现的油气则主要富集于盐下湖相碳酸盐岩。对于盐下层系,连续分布的盐岩和圣保罗高地的发育控制了盐下层系油气的分布;对于盐上层系,盐相关构造的发育则为油气垂向运移提供了有利通道,从而控制了盐上油气藏的形成与分布。     

Mineralization time and tectonic setting of the Zhengguang Au deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field,Heilongjiang Province,NE China

The Zhengguang deposit, a representative large gold deposit in the Duobaoshan ore field in NE China, is located in the northeast of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Ore body emplacement was structurally controlled and occurs mainly at the contact zone between the strata of Duobaoshan Formation and an Ordovician diorite stock. The diorite rocks have a close genetic relationship with Au mineralization. Re–Os isotope dating of Au-bearing pyrite yields an isochron age of 506 ± 44 Ma (MSWD = 15). Based on present and previous dating results, it can be concluded that the Zhengguang deposit formed at ~480 Ma. The mineralization time of the Zhengguang deposit is nearly identical to those of the Duobaoshan and Tongshan deposits, indicating they are all derived from the same metallogenic system. The Duobaoshan-style porphyry Cu–Mo mineralization may exist at deeper levels at Zhengguang. The geochemical characteristics of the Zhengguang dioritic rocks presented in this paper are similar to those of bajaitic high-Mg andesite, and the magmas originated from a mantle wedge metasomatized by melts from a subducting oceanic slab at an active continental margin setting. The Ordovician magmatic–metallogenic events in the Duobaoshan ore field were caused by the westward subduction of an oceanic slab located between the Xing’an and Songliao blocks. It is worth pointing out that the Zhengguang deposit is the oldest known Phanerozoic Au deposit in NE China. Further studies of this deposit will improve understanding of the regularity of ore formation and aid mineralization forecast across the Duobaoshan region.     

基于探空资料的江西典型冻雨天气过程垂直结构分析

利用探空资料和地面观测资料,对1959—2008年发生在江西的典型冻雨天气过程的大气垂直结构进行了分析。结果表明:冻雨的形成与大气饱和层、冰晶层、暖层、逆温层、冷层及特征物理量等因素的关系密切。对流层中下层的大气呈饱和或准饱和的逆温状态,饱和层顶位于暖层之上是冻雨发生的主要层结特征。冰晶层底部的平均高度为675hPa,平均厚度为2309m;暖层底部的平均高度为834hPa,平均温度为4.1℃,平均厚度为1765m;逆温层的平均温差为7.5℃;冷层的平均厚度为1668m,平均最低温度为-3.9℃;平均地面最低温度为-1.2℃;冻雨发生时大气整层比湿积分指数须增大为1000以上,干暖盖强度指数须降到-5℃以下。     

库车坳陷古近系原型沉积盆地层序地层格架及沉积演化

基于库车坳陷大北—克深地区古近系原型沉积盆地地层沉积相精细研究结果,将古近系库姆格列木群划分为5个岩性段,苏维依组划分为3个岩性段。研究认为库姆格列木群砂砾岩段为扇三角洲沉积,膏泥岩段为局限泻湖沉积,白云岩段为局限泻湖—潮坪沉积,膏盐岩段为半局限泻湖—强蒸发膏盐湖沉积,泥岩段为滨浅湖沉积;按照层序地层学基本原理和五级层序划分方案对库车坳陷中东部古近系原型沉积盆地进行研究并建立了层序发育演化实体模型,研究认为该原型沉积盆地可以划分为两个二级超层序和3个三级层序,古近纪海侵是从大北—克深地区的河流下切谷开始的,3个三级层序均为海侵体系域和高位体系域旋回组合层序,海侵—高位体系域之间的转换界面发育最大或次级海泛面。     

河南“米”字形高铁网构建对可达性及城市空间格局影响

从可达性的视角采用平均旅行时间、经济潜力、日常可达性等指标对河南“米”字形高速铁路网构建对各地市省内和省际可达性及城市空间格局的影响进行分析发现,① “米”字形高速铁路网有助于各地市省内和省际可达性水平提升,郑州的极化与集聚效应进一步增强,边界城市的交通边缘化状况明显改善,“米”字形城镇发展轴带正在形成;② 各地市省内和省际经济潜力大幅度提升,位置居中的高铁沿线城市省内区位优势显著,边界高铁沿线城市在省际联系中的门户区位优势显现;③ 以郑州中心的0.5 h核心圈、1 h紧密圈正在形成,“同城效应”显现,各地市省际2 h交流圈大幅度拓展,以郑州为中心的1.5 h省际合作圈即将形成。高铁网的构建将成为河南城市空间格局演变的重要推动因素和空间结构优化的基础支撑条件。     

北京市第四系地下水资源价值模糊数学综合评价

地下水资源价值的影响因素众多,价值系统具有模糊性和复杂性。建立了北京市第四系地下水资源价值评价指标体系,运用模糊数学模型对北京市地下水资源价值进行了综合评价,对合理制定水价具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Aerodynamic Parameters of a UK City Derived from Morphological Data

Detailed three-dimensional building data and a morphometric model are used to estimate the aerodynamic roughness length z ₀ and displacement height d over a major UK city (Leeds). Firstly, using an adaptive grid, the city is divided into neighbourhood regions that are each of a relatively consistent geometry throughout. Secondly, for each neighbourhood, a number of geometric parameters are calculated. Finally, these are used as input into a morphometric model that considers the influence of height variability to predict aerodynamic roughness length and displacement height. Predictions are compared with estimations made using standard tables of aerodynamic parameters. The comparison suggests that the accuracy of plan-area-density based tables is likely to be limited, and that height-based tables of aerodynamic parameters may be more accurate for UK cities. The displacement heights in the standard tables are shown to be lower than the current predictions. The importance of geometric details in determining z ₀ and d is then explored. Height variability is observed to greatly increase the predicted values. However, building footprint shape only has a significant influence upon the predictions when height variability is not considered. Finally, we develop simple relations to quantify the influence of height variation upon predicted z ₀ and d via the standard deviation of building heights. The difference in these predictions compared to the more complex approach highlights the importance of considering the specific shape of the building-height distributions. Collectively, these results suggest that to accurately predict aerodynamic parameters of real urban areas, height variability must be considered in detail, but it may be acceptable to make simple assumptions about building layout and footprint shape.     

农牧交错带气候变化对土地利用的影响及对策——以内蒙古伊金霍洛旗为例

文章讨论了农牧交错带典型区域的气候变化特点,并运用GIS技术分析了区域土地利用变化。在此基础上,分析了气候变化对土地利用结构的影响,并提出了应对策略。这些对策将促进农牧交错带社会经济增长和生态环境的改善,对实现区域的可持续发展具有重要意义。     

几种雷电灾害风险评估计算方法应用对比分析

雷电灾害风险评估中,雷击风险的计算方法有人工计算、Excel表格计算和软件计算3种。选取石嘴山一油库为案例,依据风险管理标准(GB/T 21714.2 -2015),分别采用人工、Excel和软件方法,计算该油库雷电风险总量和风险分量。计算结果显示,软件计算风险总值相对人工计算值总是偏高,特别是对于易燃易爆场所,比人工计算、Excel计算值高20~30倍;人工方法、Excel方法风险总值计算结果较为一致。造成差别的原因是,人工计算主观性大,不同的评估人员在风险分量的选取及计算过程中会出现较大的差别,容易忽略部分风险分量,从而造成风险总量的减少。在风险分量的组成上,对第三类防雷建筑物,人工计算结果更符合实际;对第一、二类防雷建筑物,软件计算结果更符合实际。